love is a fallacy爱情是谬误.ppt

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1、L/O/G/Olove is a fallacy第二组第二组By Max ShulmanNote About The AuthorName:Max ShulmanBorn:Mar 14,1919 in St.Paul,MinnesotaDied:Aug 28,1988 in Los Angeles,CaliforniaOccupation:WriterActive:50sMajor Genres:Comedy,RomanceCareer Highlights:House Calls,Rally round the Flag,Boys!,The Tender TrapFirst Major Sc

2、reen Credit:Half a Hero(1953)Max Shulman(March 14,1919August 28,1988)is a 20th century American writer best known for his television and short story character Dobie Gillis,as well as for best-selling novels.His writing often focused on young people,particularly in a collegiate setting.Shulman works

3、include the novels Rally Round the Flag,Boys!and Sleep Till Noon.He was also a co-writer,with Robert Paul Smith,of the long-running Broadway play,The Tender Trap,starring Robert Preston,which was later made into a successful movie.AuthorHowever,he is probably best remembered for his creation of the

4、character“Dobie Gillis”,who was the subject of a series of short stories compiled under the title,The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis,which became the basis for a CBS television series of the same name,and had previously been the subject of a film.AuthorShulman was also a screenwriter（编剧）.He was one of t

5、he collaborators（合作者）on a television documentary（记录）,Lights Diamond Jubilee光明的周年纪念,which was supposedly a celebration of the 75th anniversary（周年）of the invention of the light bulb by Thomas A.Edison.Charles Lamb(1775-1834)Thomas Carlyle(1795-1881)John Ruskin(1819-1900)English essayist and critic.Eng

6、lish author,Scottish writer.English critic and social theorist.A writer on art and architecture.Warming upWhat is love?What is love?What is logic?What is logic?What is logical fallacy?What is logical fallacy?What is logic?Briefly speaking,we might define logic as the formal systematic study of the p

7、rinciples of valid inference and correct reasoning.Logic is used in most intellectual activities,but is studied primarily in the disciplines of philosophy,mathematics,semantics,and computer science.Logic examines general forms which arguments may take,which forms are valid,and which are fallacies.Bu

8、t this is a rough definition,because how logic should be properly defined is actually quite a controversial matter.What is logical fallacy?Usually,an argument is deductively valid when its premises provide conclusive evidence for the conclusion.Otherwise an argument that fails to be conclusively ded

9、uced is invalid;it is said to be fallacious.Three kinds of fallacy:1.material fallacy-in its material content through a misstatement of the facts.2.verbal fallacy-in its wording through an incorrect use of terms.3.formal fallacy-in its structure through the use of an improper process of inference.Lo

10、gical fallacy:逻辑谬论逻辑论证，即提出支持某些论题或结论的论据。论证有两个部分组成：论点所支持的结论，与引证结论的某些前提。而结论是经由前提所推导出来的。当前提为结论提供确凿证据时，论据的演绎推理便有效；反之则会成为谬论。成为谬误的方式有三种：a内容，即事实陈述错误；b措词，即术语使用错误；c结构（或形式），即推导过程错误。那么，逻辑谬误可分为三类，即内容（material）谬误，措词（verbal）谬误以及形式（formal）谬误。Logical fallacies in this story1.Dicto Simpliciter(以偏概全)2.Hasty Generaliza

11、tion(草率推断)3.Post Hoc(牵强附会)4.Contradictory Premises(自相矛盾)5.Ad Misericordiam(文不对题)6.False Analogy(错误对比)7.Hypothesis Contrary to Fact(违背事实)8.Poisoning the Well(井中投毒)The examples of logical fallacies1.Dicto Simpliciter(以偏概全)My roommate thinks that philosophy lesson is very hard,so is mine,thus,everyone

12、think that the philosophy lesson is difficult.2.Hasty Generalization(草率推断)Guns and hammer,as well as metal can be recognized as murder tools.But limited purchase of hammers are ridiculous,thus limited to buy guns are also ridiculous.3.Post Hoc(牵强附会)The last five times that Ive worn my white pants,so

13、mething depressing has happened.Im not going to wear those pants again!4.Contradictory Premises(自相矛盾)There is a person who sells shield(盾)as well as spear(矛).He boasts of his shield,saying:“My shield is strong and clinking,any sharp thing can get through it.”While at the same time he boasts of his s

14、pear,and say:“My spear is sharp pole,nothing can pierced.”Someone asks him:“If you use your spear to stab your shield,what will be the result?”The man is tongue-tired,he cant say a word.5.Ad Misericordiam(文不对题)A:What you eat today for breakfast?B:Last night,I ate rice,overnight ate lobster.6.False A

15、nalogy(错误对比)The birds nest is made by bird,so the bullpen is also made by cow.7.Hypothesis Contrary to Fact(违背事实)Pointing to the deer,intentionally say horse8.Poisoning the Well(井中投毒)You are told,prior to meeting him,that your friends boyfriend is a decadent(颓废的)wastrel(废物).When you meet him,everyth

16、ing you hear him say is tainted(污染的).Questions on the textWhatWhat s the main idea of the s the main idea of the text?text?What is the purpose of this What is the purpose of this story?story?Main idea of the textThis text is a piece of narrative（叙事）writing,and the whole story is humorous satire（讽刺）.

17、The writer,Max Shulman,is satirizing or making fun of a smug,self-conceited（自负的）freshman in a law school.The freshman is made the narrator of the story who goes on smugly boasting and singing praises of himself at any conceivable opportunity.He struggles against two antagonists（n.对手）:Petey Burch,his

18、 roommate whose girlfriend he plans to steal;and Polly Espy,the girl he intends to marry after suitable re-education.In order to smarten her up,the narrator decides to give her a course in logic.He succeeds too well because the whole thing backfires（事与愿违）on him when Polly refutes（驳斥）all his argument

19、s as logical fallacies before finally rejecting him.At the end of the story,the reader feels the narrator has got what he deserved（应得的）.He has been too clever for his own good.The purpose of the writing The purpose of this essay,according to the writer,is to demonstrate（证明、论证）that logic,far from being a dry（枯燥的）pedantic（迂腐的）subject,is a living thing(a human being).full of beauty,passion and painful emotional shocks.L/O/G/OThank You!