船舶与海洋工程专业英语.ppt

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1、船舶与海洋工程船舶与海洋工程专业英语徐徐 航航 博士博士1.课程安排2.考试说明 （1）平时出勤（15%）（2）作业（15%）要求：a.按时提交 b.完成的质量 （3）期末成绩（70%）本学期课程安排及考试说明：本学期课程安排及考试说明：一、应具备的基础一、应具备的基础 1.大学英语34级水平 2.船舶与海洋工程专业基础二、学习方法二、学习方法 1.专业词汇 2.专业翻译 3.听说训练三、学习资料三、学习资料1.教材：船舶与海洋工程专业英语 陆伟东，连琏主编,上海交通大学出版社，2009 2.其他资料：a.英汉船舶词典.国防工业出版社.2004 b.造船专业英语.哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2003

2、 c.船舶工程专业英语.哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2001 d.各种听说类英文资料（疯狂英语、21stcentury、走 遍美国、新概念、英语学习网站等）四、教学内容四、教学内容 1.课文讲解、翻译 2.词汇复习 3.对话及口语练习 4.课堂练习 5.课后作业Unit 1 Ship TypesBulk carrierOil tankerContainer shipPassenger ship一、一、Vocabulary and Sentencebulk carrier 散货船散货船 Bulk carriers are single-deck vessels which transport sing

3、le-commodity cargoes such as grain,sugar and ores in bulk.散货船是单层甲板的船，它运输单一的商品，例如谷物、糖、矿砂等散货。（一件或一种）商品、货物（一件或一种）商品、货物谷物谷物糖糖矿砂矿砂 general cargo ships 杂货船 plating 板材 General cargo ships are usually of transverse or combined framing construction using mild steel sections and plating.杂货船通常使用横骨或混合骨架形式，利用低碳钢

4、的型材及板材。注：section：型材、剖面、分段、部门粗鲁的、未经过加粗鲁的、未经过加工的、低碳的工的、低碳的passenger ship 客船 The passenger ship includes,generally speaking,the cruise liner and some ferries.总的来说，客船包括客轮和轮渡。巡游船、巡游船、客运班轮客运班轮轮渡轮渡 refrigerated ship 冷藏船冷藏船 Refrigerated ships vary little from general cargo ships.They may have more than one

5、tween deck,and all hold spaces will be insulated to reduce heat transfer.冷藏船和杂货船之间的变化很小。冷藏货船可以有多层中间甲板，并且，所有的货舱都应该是绝缘的从而降低热量的传播。中间甲板中间甲板绝缘的、孤立的绝缘的、孤立的merchant ship 商船商船 Merchant ships exist to carry cargoes across the waterways of the world safely,speedily and economically.商船能够在世界水路范围内安全、快速、经济的运输货物。货

6、物货物 inland waterway vessel 内河船 The strength of the structure,its ability to resist the effects of waves,heavy seas,etc.,must be much greater for an ocean-going vessel than for an inland waterway vessel.远洋船比内河船在结构强度上，抵抗波浪、汹涛海浪的能力必须更强。强强度度汹涛海浪汹涛海浪container ship 集装箱船barge 驳船 Container ships and various

7、 barge carriers have developed for general cargo transportation,bulk carriers and combination bulk cargo carriers are also relatively modern developments.对于杂货的运输逐渐形成了集装箱船和驳船，散货船和多功能运输船（混装货船）也有了较为现代化的发展。tanker 液货船、油轮 The tanker has its specialized forms for the carriage of crude oil,refined oil produ

8、cts,liquefied gases,etc.液货船有其特殊的形式方便原油、石油制品以及液化气等的运输。原油原油石油制品石油制品液化的液化的 VLCC 巨型原油轮（载重量大于20万吨）LNG(liquefied natural gas)液化天然气 LPG(liquefied petroleum gas)液化石油气 Recent years have seen such developments as very large crude carriers(VLCCs)for the transport of oil,and the liquefied natural gas and liquef

9、ied petroleum gas tankers for the bulk carriage of liquid gases.近些年来，对于油的运输出现了巨型原油轮；以及运输液化气散货的液化天然气船和液化石油气船。散货散货运输类船舶运输类船舶 ocean-going vessel 远洋船 fresh water 淡水 oil fuel 燃油 Ocean-going vessels require several tanks for fresh water and oil fuel storage.远洋船需要几个液货舱来储备淡水和燃油。船、通常指大型船舶船、通常指大型船舶液货舱液货舱 hatc

10、h 舱口 Access to the cargo storage areas or holds is provided by openings in the deck called hatches.Hatches are made as large as strength considerations will allow to reduce horizontal movement of cargo within the ship.在甲板处，通往货物储藏区或货舱的开口叫作舱口。舱口在满足强度需要的同时要尽可能的大，以便于减少货物在船舶内部的水平移动。水平的水平的货舱货舱 hatch cover

11、 舱口盖 Hatch covers of wood or steel,as in most modern ships,are used to close the hatch openings when the ship is at sea.大多数现代化船舶在航行的时候都采用木质或钢质的舱口盖来关闭舱口。framing 骨架 shell plating 外板 The principal types of construction refer to the framing arrangement for stiffening the outer shell plating,the three ty

12、pes being longitudinal,transverse and combined framing.主要的结构形式指那些加强外板的骨架布置，三种常见的类型是纵骨架式、横骨架式及混合骨架式。纵向的纵向的横向的横向的混合的混合的 load 装载 unload 卸载 The general cargo ship is the maid of all work,operating a worldwide go anywhere service of cargo transportation.It consists of as large a clear open cargo-carrying

13、 space as possible,together with the facilities required for loading and unloading the cargo.杂货船是一个多面手，可以在世界任何范围内运营，进行货物的运输。它由一些尽可能大的货物搬运的开敞空间以及装卸货物的设施所组成。设施设施 watertight 水密的 coaming 舱口围板（hatch coaming)The hatch covers are made watertight and lie upon coamings around the hatch which are set some dis

14、tance from the upper or weather deck to reduce the risk of flooding in heavy seas.舱口盖作成水密的，并且位于舱口周围的围板上，同时高出上层甲板或露天甲板一段距离，从而减少汹涛海浪时的进水。露天甲板露天甲板 ballast 压载压载 draught（draft)吃水吃水 Since full cargoes cannot be guaranteed with this type of ship,ballast-carrying tanks must be fitted.In this way the ship al

15、ways has a sufficient draught for stability and total propeller immersion.由于这种船型不能保证随时满载，因此必须安装有压载舱。这样，船舶能保证足够的吃水来满足稳性及整个螺旋桨的浸深。确保，保证确保，保证 推进器、推进器、螺旋桨螺旋桨浸没、浸深浸没、浸深 fore 船首船首 aft 船尾船尾 Fore and aft peak tanks are fitted which also assist in trimming the ship.首尾尖舱的布置可以帮助调节船舶纵倾。尖舱尖舱vt.调节、调整；使之纵倾调节、调整；使之

16、纵倾 double bottom 双层底双层底 tank 液货舱、双层底舱液货舱、双层底舱 A double bottom is fitted which extends the length of the ship and is divided into separate tanks,some of which carry fuel oil and fresh water.双层底沿船长方向布置，分成一些双层底舱，其中的部分用来装载燃油和淡水。displacement 排水量排水量 knot(kn)节节 The current range of sizes for general cargo

17、ships is from 2,000 to 15,000 displacement tons with speeds of 12-18 knots.杂货船通常的尺寸是排水量从2000至15000吨，速度为12至18节。bulkhead 舱壁舱壁 The oil tanker has the cargo-carrying section of the vessel split up into individual tanks by longitudinal and transverse bulkheads.油轮同样具有货舱区，同时由纵向或者横向舱壁分割成单独的货舱。油轮油轮分割、分开分割、分开

18、单独的，独自的单独的，独自的 wing tank 边舱边舱 Fore and aft peak tanks are used for ballast,with often a pair of wing tanks situated just forward of midships.These wing tanks are ballast-only tanks and are empty when the ship is fully loaded.首尾尖舱通常用作压载舱，并且通常在船中向首的位置布置边舱。这些边舱用来装压载，当船舶满载的时候边舱为空舱。船中船中满载满载 pump 泵泵 pumpr

19、oom 泵舱泵舱 The cargo is discharged by cargo pumps fitted in one or more pumprooms either at the ends of the tank section or sometimes in the middle.（液态）货物用安装在一个或多个泵舱中的泵卸载，泵舱位于货舱区的末端或中部。卸载、排出卸载、排出 accommodation 居住舱居住舱 machinery space 机舱机舱 The accommodation and machinery spaces are located aft in modern

20、 tankers.The range of sizes for oil tankers at present is enormous,from small to 700,000 deadweight tones.Speeds range from 12 to 16 knots.现代化油轮的居住舱和机舱都位于船尾。油轮目前的尺度是惊人的，载重量可达70万吨，速度可从12节到16节。载重量、载重载重量、载重巨大的、惊人的巨大的、惊人的 handling 搬运、装卸搬运、装卸 A large proportion of bulk carriers do not carry cargo-handlin

21、g equipment,because they trade between special terminals which have particular equipment for loading and unloading bulk commodities.大多数散货船都不备有货物搬运设备，因为散货船在专门的码头之间进行贸易，这些专门的码头都备有专用的散货装卸设备。终点、码头终点、码头比例、部分比例、部分 container 集装箱集装箱 The container ship is,as its name implies,designed for the carriage of cont

22、ainers.A container is a re-usable box of 2435 mm by 2435 mm section,with lengths of 6055,9125 and 12190 mm.正如名称一样，集装箱船是设计用来装集装箱的。集装箱是一个可以重复使用的箱子，剖面为2435mm2435mm,长度可以是6055，9125及12190mm.framework 构架、骨架构架、骨架 The containers are racked in special frameworks and stacked one upon the other within the hold

23、space.Cargo handling therefore consists only of vertical movement of the cargo in the hold.集装箱搁置在货舱的专用骨架上，并层层堆放起来。因而货物的搬运仅由货物在货舱内的垂直移动所组成。搁置搁置堆放堆放 web-frame 腹板框架腹板框架 The various cargo holds are separated by a deep web-framed structure to provide the ship with transverse strength.为了保证船舶的横向强度，各种货舱被深腹板

24、框架所分开。heeling 横倾横倾 These wing tanks may be utilized for water ballast and can be arranged to counter the heeling of the ship when discharging containers.这些边舱用来装载压载水，也可布置用来防止卸载集装箱时船舶的横倾。Jgeneral cargo ship 杂货船杂货船Joil tanker 液货船、油轮液货船、油轮Jpassenger ship 客船客船Jferry 轮渡轮渡Jbulk carries 散货船散货船refrigerated s

25、hip 冷藏货船冷藏货船Jcontainer ship 集装箱船集装箱船JRoll-on/Roll-off ship 滚装船滚装船JContainer ship 集装箱船集装箱船Jhovercraft 气垫船气垫船Jhydrofoil boat 水翼艇水翼艇Jmulti-hull ship 多体船多体船JLNG (tanker)液化天然气船液化天然气船JLPG (tanker)液化石油气船液化石油气船Jbarge 驳船驳船summaryThe development of ship types over the years has been dictated very largely by t

26、he nature of cargo.The various designs can be divided into general cargo,bulk cargo and passenger vesselsSpecial forms of the general cargo carrier include container ships,roll-on/roll-off ships and barge carriersBulk cargo may be liquid,solid,or liquefied gas and particular designs of vessel exit f

27、or the carriage of eachPassenger-carrying vessels include cruise liners and ferries二、二、TextGeneral cargo shipsThese provide increased flexibility in loading and permit cargo segregation as well as improved stability.句中第一个句中第一个and连接两个介词宾语，第二个连接两个介词宾语，第二个and连接两连接两个谓语个谓语provide和和permit，as well as连接两个动词

28、宾语。连接两个动词宾语。整句译为：这些中间甲板增加了装货与卸货的灵活性，整句译为：这些中间甲板增加了装货与卸货的灵活性，有利于分隔货物以及改善稳性有利于分隔货物以及改善稳性Container shipsA container is a re-usable box of 2,435 mm by 2,435 mm section,with lengths of either 6055,9125 or 12190 mm集装箱尺寸原为英制，端面为集装箱尺寸原为英制，端面为8英尺英尺8英尺，长有英尺，长有20英英尺，尺，30英尺和英尺和40英尺三种。整句可译为：集装箱是可英尺三种。整句可译为：集装箱是可

29、以反复使用的箱子，宽度和高度为以反复使用的箱子，宽度和高度为2435 mm 2435 mm，长度为长度为6055，9125或或12190mm 三种三种Roll-on/roll-off shipsThe loss of cubic capacity due to undercarriages and clearances has resulted in many roll-on roll-off vessels being also adapted to carry containers.句中句中result in 意为意为“导致导致”；注意词性转换。整句可译；注意词性转换。整句可译为：由于车架

30、下空间和上部间隙损失了装载容积，因为：由于车架下空间和上部间隙损失了装载容积，因而许多滚装船也设计成适于装集装箱而许多滚装船也设计成适于装集装箱Barge carrierThis type of vessel is a variation of the container ship,instead of containers,standard barges are carried into which the cargo has been previously loaded.第二句中第二句中which引导的定语从句，修饰引导的定语从句，修饰barges，两句可，两句可译成：这种船是集装箱船的派

31、生船型，但它装载的不译成：这种船是集装箱船的派生船型，但它装载的不是集装箱，而是预先装了货的标准驳船。是集装箱，而是预先装了货的标准驳船。Tug-barge systems have also been considered where the“ship”is actually a number of linked barges with a separable propulsion unit.Where引导的定语从句修饰引导的定语从句修饰systems。整句可译成：拖。整句可译成：拖-驳系统也可以看作是这样的系统：系统中的驳系统也可以看作是这样的系统：系统中的“船舶船舶”实际上是一些相连接的

32、驳船，配备一个可以分离的推实际上是一些相连接的驳船，配备一个可以分离的推进单元进单元Oil tankersEach tank has its own suction arrangement which connects to the pumps,and a network of piping discharges the cargo to the deck from where it is pumped ashore.and连接两个句子；注意两个定语从句的译法。整句连接两个句子；注意两个定语从句的译法。整句可译为：每个油舱都有自己的吸油装置，它与油泵相可译为：每个油舱都有自己的吸油装置，它与油

33、泵相连，一组管路将货油输送到甲板，再从甲板泵送上岸连，一组管路将货油输送到甲板，再从甲板泵送上岸Bulk carriersAn ore carrier has two longitudinal bulkheads which divide the cargo section into wing tanks port and starboard and a centre hold which is used for ore.第一个第一个and 连接两个后置形容词，第二个连接两个后置形容词，第二个and连接两个连接两个介词宾语介词宾语wing tank和和a centre hold。注意两个定语从

34、句。注意两个定语从句的译法。整句可译为：矿砂船有两道纵向的舱壁，从的译法。整句可译为：矿砂船有两道纵向的舱壁，从而将载货区域分隔成左右舷的边舱和一个中央货舱；而将载货区域分隔成左右舷的边舱和一个中央货舱；中央舱用于装载矿砂。中央舱用于装载矿砂。Liquefied nature gas tankersA pipe column is located at the centre of each tank and is used to route the pipes from the submerged cargo pumps out of the tank through dome.To rout

35、e为动词不定式，后面的介词短语为动词不定式，后面的介词短语from,out of 及及through均作其状语。整句可译为：在每个液货均作其状语。整句可译为：在每个液货舱的中心位置均设一根管形立柱，用来布置管路，使舱的中心位置均设一根管形立柱，用来布置管路，使管路从潜没的液货泵起，沿立柱经中央气室通过液货管路从潜没的液货泵起，沿立柱经中央气室通过液货舱。舱。Liquefied petroleum gas carriersTank design again divided into three main types,namely fully pressurised,semi-pressurise

36、d partially refrigerated and full refrigerated atmospheric pressure arrangements.注意注意arrangements为复数，为三种类型合用的中心词，为复数，为三种类型合用的中心词，应增译。整句可译为：液舱设计同样分为三种主要类应增译。整句可译为：液舱设计同样分为三种主要类型，即全压式结构、半压半冷式结构，以及全冷常压型，即全压式结构、半压半冷式结构，以及全冷常压式结构式结构Passenger shipsLuxury passenger liners are nowadays considered to be crui

37、se liners in that they provide luxurious transport between interesting destinations in pleasure climates.In that 为书面语，意为为书面语，意为“既然既然”，“因为因为”。整句可。整句可译为：因为豪华型客班船在宜人的气候里为旅游胜地译为：因为豪华型客班船在宜人的气候里为旅游胜地之间提供高档的运输服务，所以现在通常作为旅游班之间提供高档的运输服务，所以现在通常作为旅游班轮轮Hydrofoil boatsThe resistance is thereby reduced,being the

38、n only equal to the drag of the hydrofoils句中句中being then为分词独立结构，可看作句子。整句为分词独立结构，可看作句子。整句可译为：阻力由此而减小，那时仅等于水翼的阻力可译为：阻力由此而减小，那时仅等于水翼的阻力Lecture 1 The Criterion of Translation1.英译中目标英译中目标翻译是将一种语言的意义转换成另一种语言表达出来翻译是将一种语言的意义转换成另一种语言表达出来翻译工作有翻译工作有3个标准，即不失原意个标准，即不失原意(“信信”)，符合语言规，符合语言规范（范（“达达”），以及注意修辞（），以及注意修辞

39、（“雅雅”）。对于科技文）。对于科技文献翻译，忠于原文是第一位的，因为只有献翻译，忠于原文是第一位的，因为只有“信信”，才有，才有可能表达出原意；但是要表达好原意，文章通顺，语言可能表达出原意；但是要表达好原意，文章通顺，语言规范是不可缺少的。另外，翻译的目标是供人阅读，因规范是不可缺少的。另外，翻译的目标是供人阅读，因此，使译文具有可读性，文采也是科技文献翻译追求的此，使译文具有可读性，文采也是科技文献翻译追求的目标。可见，要想做好科技翻译工作，需具备一定的专目标。可见，要想做好科技翻译工作，需具备一定的专业知识，较强的外语能力和较好的汉语基础。业知识，较强的外语能力和较好的汉语基础。Ex:

40、When the ship is at sea forces are generated on it due to the waves through which it is passing and the gravitational forces arising from the loads which it carriesHow to translate?对于某些特殊的名词术语，也可以采用音译混译对于某些特殊的名词术语，也可以采用音译混译法，如：法，如：Acrowax 艾克罗石蜡艾克罗石蜡 （艾克罗地区产的石蜡）（艾克罗地区产的石蜡）另外，用字母表示形状或特定含义的词也可以采另外，用字母表

41、示形状或特定含义的词也可以采用形译法。例如用形译法。例如I-bar I字钢字钢T-bean T形梁形梁K-shape joint K形接头形接头X-ray X射线射线2.翻译方法翻译方法翻译方法中常提到翻译方法中常提到“直译直译”、“意译意译”、“音译音译”和和“形意形意”等术语。所谓直译就是根据字面来等术语。所谓直译就是根据字面来译，意译就是按含义来译，有些词汇如果用直译译，意译就是按含义来译，有些词汇如果用直译和意译都不能表达清楚时，可考虑采用音译，即和意译都不能表达清楚时，可考虑采用音译，即用汉语谐音词表达，如人名、地名和专业术语等用汉语谐音词表达，如人名、地名和专业术语等如如Armst

42、rong 阿姆斯特朗阿姆斯特朗 （臂强）（臂强）姓名姓名 Newport 纽波特纽波特 （新港）（新港）地名地名 laser 莱塞，镭射莱塞，镭射 （激光）（激光）术语术语3.翻译过程翻译过程欲使译文达到出版要求，就要严格遵循翻译的三大过程，即欲使译文达到出版要求，就要严格遵循翻译的三大过程，即理解、表达和校对。理解就是译者在阅读原文的基础上，对理解、表达和校对。理解就是译者在阅读原文的基础上，对难句进行分析，对不明其义的词汇进行查询，目的是准确理难句进行分析，对不明其义的词汇进行查询，目的是准确理解原文。表达就是译者将自己对原文的理解表达成文，让校解原文。表达就是译者将自己对原文的理解表达成

43、文，让校对者校对，供出版者出版。由于涉及两种不同的语言，表达对者校对，供出版者出版。由于涉及两种不同的语言，表达中有许多技巧问题可以探讨。表达过程通常包括三稿，即译中有许多技巧问题可以探讨。表达过程通常包括三稿，即译者边读边译的草稿，送校对者校对用的清稿，以及送交出版者边读边译的草稿，送校对者校对用的清稿，以及送交出版单位的定稿。校对一般包括两步：首先由译者进行自校，并单位的定稿。校对一般包括两步：首先由译者进行自校，并将译稿誊清；然后将清稿送交资深的人员校对，并将返回的将译稿誊清；然后将清稿送交资深的人员校对，并将返回的修改稿再次誊清，成为定稿。修改稿再次誊清，成为定稿。Exercise：1

44、.The cargo may be carried frozen or chilled and various holds may be at different temperatures according to the cargo requirements2.The ship structure outboard of the container holds on either side is a box-like arrangement of wing tanks which provides longitudinal strength to the structure3.Lightwe

45、ight The lightweight is the displacement,in t,without cargo,fuel,lubricating oil,ballast water,fresh water and feed water,consumable stores and passengers and crew and their effects,but including liquids in piping.Communication 交际交际1.Greetings 寒暄寒暄2.Introduction 介绍介绍3.Farewells 离别离别1.Greetings 寒暄寒暄你

46、近来怎么样？Hows everything with you?Howve you been?Whats new?Whats happening?还可以All right.Nothing special.Nothing in particular.Not much lately.你最近在忙什么？Whats going on?Whats up?What are you up to?好久不见了Long time no see.Its been so long.Its been a long time.(It sure has.)很高兴见到你Im glad to see you.Im happy to

47、 meet you.Nice to see you.Its great seeing you here.你没变样You havent changed much.You havent changes at all.(一点也没变）You are the same old Tom,arent you?你是不是胖点了？Are you gaining weight?Have you gained weight?(Im afraid so.)Are you getting heavier?Dialogue 1A:Hi,susan!Hows it going?B:Well,I am still alive

48、and kicking.A:Are you leaving for Guangzhou soon?B:I guess so.Perhaps next Monday.Dialogue 2A:How are you getting along?I havent seen much of you lately.B:Keeping busy.A:Doing what?B:I am supposes to give you my oral defense(答辩）tomorrow.A:Well,keeping busy before oral defense is all in days work.be

49、all in days work:不足为奇，司空见惯Dialogue 3A:Look,who is here!B:Lili,fancy meeting you here!.A:Mr.Zhou,what a small world?B:Boy,I am glad to see you again.A:Me too.Its almost 10 years since we last met in Wuhan.B:Yeah,how time flies!How are you these years?A:Couldnt be better.And how about you?B:Just so-so

50、.(不好也不坏吧）Dialogue 4A:Have a nice weekend!B:Thanks.You too!.A:Do you have any plans?B:Another day,another dollar.(和往常一样）2.Introductions 介绍介绍你认识？Do you knowHave you met请允许我介绍Allow me to introduceId like to introduceLet me introduceMay I be honored to introduce to 久仰久仰I know you well by reputation.I ha