2018年12月大学英语六级第三套真题及答案.pdf

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1、20182018 年年 1212 月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案Part I Writing(30 minutes)Part I Writing(30 minutes)For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay onhow to balance academic studyhow to balance academic studyand extracurricular activitiesand extracurricular activities.You should write at

2、 least 150 words but no more than 200 words。PartPart Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ASection ADirections:Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word b

3、ank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by aletter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2Answer Sheet 2with a single linethrough the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank m

4、ore than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.In whats probably the craziest headline Ive ever written,Ive reported that 26 in livestockprotection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows.The experime

5、nt isbased upon the ideathat farmers whore protecting their herd from lions would shoot and killlions in an effort to protect their livestock.While this makes a lot of sense,it results in many liondeaths that 27 would have been unnecessary.Researchers in Australia have been 28 and testinga method of

6、 trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cowbutts.This idea is based on the principle that lions and other 29 are far less likely to attack when theyfeel they are being watched.As conservation areas become smaller,lions are increasinglycoming into contact with huma

7、n populations,which are expanding to the 30 of these protectedareas.Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first,but they could make actualheadway in the fight for conservation.“If the method works,it could provide farmers inBotswana-and 31with a low-cost,sustainable tool to prote

8、ct their livestock,and a way to keeplions safe from being killed.”Lions are 32 ambush（埋伏）hunters,so when they feel their prey has 33 them,they usually giveup on the hunt.Researchers are 34 testing their idea on a select herd of cattle.They havepainted half of the cows with eyes and left the other ha

9、lf as normal.Through satellite tracking ofboth the herd and the lions in the area,they will be able to 35 if their psychological trickery willwork to help keep farmers from shooting lions.Section BSection BDirections:Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements atta

10、ched to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraphis marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswerAnswerSheet 2Shee

11、t 2.Resilience Is About How You Recharge,Not How You EndureResilience Is About How You Recharge,Not How You EndureA As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old,we sometimes fantasize about how muchwork we can do when one of us gets on a plane,undistracted by phones,friends,or movies.Werace to

12、get all our ground work done:packing,going through security,doing a last-minute workcall,calling each other,then boarding the plane.Then,when we try to have that amazing worksession in flight,we get nothing done.Even worse,after refreshing our email or reading thesame studies over and over,we are to

13、o exhausted when we land to soldier on with（继续处理）the emails that have inevitably still piled up.B why should flying deplete us Were just sitting there doing nothing.Why cant we be tougher,more resilient（有复原力的）and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goalswe set for ourselves Based

14、on our current research,we have come to realize that the problem isnot our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself;the problem comes from a misconception ofwhat it means to be resilient,and the resulting impact of overworking.C We often take a militaristic,“tough”approach to resilience and determ

15、ination like a Marinepulling himself through the mud,a boxer going one more round,or a football player pickinghimself up off the ground for one more play.We believe that the longer we tough it out,thetougher we are,and therefore the more successful we will be.However,this entire conception isscienti

16、fically inaccurate.D The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to beresilient and successful.Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack ofrecovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems.And lack of recoverywhetherby

17、disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watchingour phones is costing our companies$62 billion a year in lost productivity.E And just because work stops,it doesnt mean we are recovering.We“stop”work sometimesat 5pm,but then we spend the night wrestling with s

18、olutions to work problems,talking aboutour work over dinner,and falling asleep thinking about how much work well do tomorrow.In astudy just released,researchers from Norway found that%of Norwegians have becomeworkaholics（工作狂）.The scientists cite a definition“workaholism”as“being overly concernedabou

19、t work,driven by an uncontrollable work motivation,and investing so much time and effortin work that it impairs other important life areas.”F We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majoriy ofAmerican workers,which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the.

20、Our study will usea large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extendsour working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery,resulting in huge healthcare costs and turnover costs for employers.G The misconception of resilience is often bred from a

21、n early age.Parents trying to teach theirchildren resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a sciencefair project.What a distortion of resilience!A resilient child is a well-rested one.When anexhausted student goes to school,he risks hurting everyone on the road

22、 with his impaireddriving;he doesnt have the cognitive resources to do well on his Englishtest;he has lowerself-control with his friends;and at home,he is moody with his parents.Overwork andexhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when were young onlymagnify when we hi

23、t the workforce.H As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written,if you have too much time in the performancezone,you need more time in the recovery zone,otherwise you risk burnout.Gathering yourresources to“try hard”requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousallevel.It also w

24、orsens exhaustion.Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking,themore value there is in activities the allow us to return to a state of balance.The value of arecovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.I So how do we recover and build resilience Most people ass

25、ume that if you stop doing a tasklike answering emails or writhing a paper,your brain will naturally recover,so that when youstart again later in the day or the next morning,youll have your energy back.But surelyeveryone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours,unable to fall asleep

26、becauseyour brains is thinking about work.If you lie in bed for eight hours,you may have rested,but youcan still feel exhaustedthe next day.Thats because rest and recovery are not the same thing.J If youre trying to build resilience at work,you need adequate internal and external recoveryperiods.As

27、researchers Zijlstra,Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper:“Internalrecovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the workday or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks,by shiftingattention or changing to other work t

28、asks when the mental or physical resources required for theinitial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted.External recovery refers to actions that takeplace outside of work.in the free time between the work days,and during weekends,holidaysor vacations.”If after work you lie around on your bed a

29、nd get irritated by political commentaryon your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home,yourbrain has not received a break from high mental arousal states.Our brains need a rest as muchas our bodies do.K If you really want to build resilience,you can start by s

30、trategically stopping.Give yourself theresources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods.Amy Blanksondescribes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking.She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn

31、 on yourphone each day.You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones bystrategically scheduling automatic airplane modes.The average person turns on their phone 150times every day.If every distraction took only 1 minute,that would account forhours a day.L In addition,you

32、can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries.Try tonot have lunch at your desk,but instead spend time outside or with your friendsnot talkingabout work.Take all of your paid time off,which not only gives you recovery periods,but raisesyour productivity and likelihood of promo

33、tion.M As for us,weve started using our plane time as a work-free zone,and thus time to dip intothe recovery phase.The results have been fantastic.We are usually tired already by the time weget on a plane,and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work morechallenging.Now,instead of

34、 swimming upstream,we relax,sleep,watch movies,or listen tomusic.And when we get off the plane,instead of being depleted,we feel recovered and ready toreturn to the performance zone.36.It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.37.Mental relaxation is much ne

35、eded,just as physical relaxation is.38.Adequate rest not only helps one recover,but also increases ones work efficiency.39.The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.40.Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.41.It is advised that technology be used to p

36、revent people from overworking.42.Contrary to popular belief,rest does not equal recovery.43.The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaningof resilience.44.Peoples distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.45.People tend to t

37、hink the more determined they are,the greater their success will be.Section CSection CDirections:Directions:There are 2 passages in thispassage is followed by some questions or unfinishedeach of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the bestchoice and mark the corres

38、ponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2Answer Sheet 2with a single line through thecentre.Passage OnePassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40%less likely to graduate from

39、 highschool,says a new study from Duke University.The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project,a multi-siteclinical trial in the.that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives.With this study,researchers examined early academic attention and so

40、cio-emotional skills andhow each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success,and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance.By fifth grade,children with early attenti

41、on difficulties had lower grades and readingachievement scores than their peers.As fifth-graders,children with early attention problemsobtained average reading scores at least 3%lower thantheir contemporaries and grades at least8%lower than those of their peers.This was after controlling for IQ,soci

42、o-economic status andacademic skills at school entry.Although these may not seem like large effects,the impact of early attention problemscontinued throughout the childrens academic careers.Lower reading achievement scores andgrades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and t

43、hereby contributed toa 40%lower high school graduation rate.“The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder（注意力缺乏多动症）（ADHD）,although some may have had thedisorder.Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficu

44、lties can increase the riskof negative academic outcomes,”said David Rabiner,an associate dean of Dukes Trinity Collegeof Arts&Sciences,whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academicperformance in children with attention difficulties.Social acceptance by peers in early chil

45、dhood also predicted grades in fifth grade,Children not asliked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade,while those with highersocial acceptance had higher grades.“This study shows the importance of so-called non-cognitive or soft skills in contributing tochildrens positi

46、ve peer relationships,which,in turn,contribute to their academic successs,”saidKenneth Dodge,director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy.The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those withattention problems stay on track academically and for educato

47、rs to encourage positive peerrelationships,the researchers said.“Were learning that student success requires a more comprehensiveapproach,one thatincorporates not only academic skills but also social,self-regulatory and attention skills,”Dodgesaid.“If we neglect any of these areas,the childs develop

48、ment lags.If we attend to these areas,a childs success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops.”46.What is the focus of the new study from Duke UniversityA)The contributor to childrens early attention.B)The predictors of childrens academic success.C)The factors that affect childrens emotio

49、nal well-being.D)The determinants of childrens development of social skills.47.How did the researchers ensure that their findings are validA)By attaching equal importance to all possible variables examined.B)By collecting as many typical samples as were necessary.C)By preventing them from being affe

50、cted by factors not under study.D)By focusing on the family background of children being studied.48.What do we learn from the findings of the Duke studyA)Modest students are generally more attentive than their contemporaries.B)There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thoug