2011年考研英语一真题及答案解析.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2011 年考研英语一真题及答案完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precio

2、us to health.”But _1_some claims to the contrary，laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _2_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels，_3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_，a good laugh is unlik

3、ely to have _5_ benefits the way，say，walking or jogging does._6_，instead of straining muscles to build them，as exercise does，laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_，studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter_8_ muscles，decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies do

4、wn.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress.Anyway，the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_ feedback，that improve an individuals emotional state._11one classical theory of emotion，our feelings are partially rooted 12_ physical reactions.

5、It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _13_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Although sadness also 14_ tears，evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_ muscular responses.In an experiment publi

6、shed in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips，which would produce a（n）_17_ expression.Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoon

7、s than did those whose months were contracted in a frown，19_ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around _20_，the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2.Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddet

8、ermining4.Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve5.Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable6.AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief7.Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected8.Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes9.Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance10.Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dintern

9、al11.AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！12.Awith Bon Cin Dat13.Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause14.Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses15.Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond16.Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold17.Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent18.Aadapte

10、d Bcatered Cturned Dreacted19.Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing20.AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConversely原标题：2011 年考研英语一真题及答案完整 word 版Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D.Mark y

11、our answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（40 points）Text 1欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.For the

12、 most part，the response has been favorable，to say the least.“Hooray！At last！”wrote Anthony Tommasini，a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise，however，is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.Even Tommasini，who had advocated Gilberts app

13、ointment in the Times，calls him“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez，that seems likely to have struck at least some Times r

14、eaders as faint praise.For my part，I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure，he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions，but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall，or anywhere else，to hear interesting orchestral music.All I hav

15、e to do is to go to my CD shelf，or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.For the time，attention，and money of the art-loving public，classical instrumentalists m

16、ust compete not only with opera houses，dance troupes，theater companies，and museums，but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.There recordings are cheap，available everywhere，and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances

17、；moreover，they can be“consumed”at a time and place of the listeners choosing.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical pe

18、rformers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted：Alex Ross，a classical-music critic，has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into“a markedly different，more vibrant organization.”But what

19、 will be the nature of that difference？Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough.If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts

20、appointment hasAincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Dtalented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expense

21、s of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text，which of the following is true of recordings？AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily acc

22、essible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic，the author feelsAdoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将

23、竭诚为您提供优质的文档！the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job havent always landed i

24、n top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age，saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO.He finally took that post at a major finan

25、cial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are，but thats been fundamentally inverted，”says one hea

26、dhunter.“The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure，his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2，senior executives quitting may be spurred by欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请

27、联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Atheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word“poached”（Line 3，Paragraph 4）most probably meansAapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded agains

28、t.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text？ACEOs：Whe

29、re to Go？欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！BCEOs：All the Way Up？CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.No longer.While traditional“paid”media such as television commercials

30、and print advertisements still play a major role，companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create“owned”media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.The way consumers now approach the broa

31、d range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.For earned media，such marketers act as the initiator for users responses.But in some cases，one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media for instance，when a

32、n e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.This trend，which we believe is still in its infancy，effectively began with retailers and

33、 travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.Johnson&Johnson，for example，has created BabyCenter，a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products.Besides generating income，the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective

34、，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing，and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more（and mo

35、re diverse）communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker，more visible，and much more damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media：an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers，other stakeholders，or activist

36、s who make negative allegations about a brand or product.Members of social networks，for instance，are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products，putting the

37、reputation of the target company at risk.In such a case，the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful，and the learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor，for example，alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrate

38、d social-media response campaign，which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create“earned”media when they areA obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them

39、.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32.According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！A a safe business environment.B random competition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in org

40、anization.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaA invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible for fiercer competition.D deserve all the negative comments about them.34.Toyota Motors experience is ci

41、ted as an example ofA responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about？A Alternatives to conventional paid media.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互

42、联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.Text 4Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful，provocative magazine cover story，“I love My Children，I Hate My Life，”is arousing much chatter nothing gets people

43、talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling，life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable，Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness：instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured

44、 by moment-to-moment joy，we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard，Senior writes that“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The ma

45、gazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive and newly single mom Sandra Bullock，as well as the usual“Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news.Practically every week features at l

46、east one celebrity mom，or mom-to-be，smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation，is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing？It doesnt seem quite fair，then，to compare the regrets of parents to

47、the regrets of the children.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！shouldnt have had kids，but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world：obviously their misery must

48、 be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course，the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic，especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding that parents are les

49、s happy than childless couples，single parents are the least happy of all.No shock there，considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on；yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their“own”（read：with round-the-clock help）is a piece of cake.Its hard to imagine

50、 that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous：most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free，happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small，subconsciou