专八翻译真题(2).docx

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1、2014汉译英:当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好 帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可 是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷的考入了师范学校一一制服，饭食， 书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的 话。入学，要交十圆的保证金。这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月 的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只 要儿子有长进、。当我由师范毕业，而被派为小学校校长，母亲与 我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！” 她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。参考译文：After I graduated from primary school, rela

2、tives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress, I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea

3、until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms, books, room and board. To enter the school, I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However, after two weeks tough effort, mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears aft

4、erwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation, mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her, you can have a学译：I couldn，t help crying bitter, with a feeing of being abandoned by others flooded in my heart

5、 at that moment.参考译文： Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.汉语原句的“节数”有四节。假设对句中的最后两节略作分 析，不难发现“悲愤兜上心头”和“禁不住痛哭起来”之间 是一种先后关系，也略带因果关系，但总的来说，两个短语所占 分量大致相同所以处理时，以使用并列句为好，没有必要强调主 次。学译分别把“悲愤兜上心头”和“禁不住痛哭

6、起来”作 为主语，另一个短句作为修饰成分，但读起来感觉分句不是太简 略就是太冗长。而参考译文的并列处理那么摆平了这两个短句，读 起来通顺流畅。所以，在选定“主干”时，也应当防止形而上学的思维，选择主 句的同时，还要深入分析以下句间真正的关系所在，在并列或先 后关系的句子中，也不能强行设立一个“主干”，而弄巧成拙。rest in the future. but she replied nothing, only with tears streaming down her face.2013汉译英：生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。将 它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命

7、的痕迹。抿 一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷 离。喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。红酒越陈越美 味，生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好 酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。参考译文：Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it.Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is the imp

8、ress of life. Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life, which is complicated and blurred. Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit. There was a remarkable rese

9、mblance between life and wine: the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. When life comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.2013英译汉The UN General Assembl

10、y, the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the worlds nation-states. Two-thirds of its members are developing countries, which account for about three- quarters of the worlds population.Reaching decisions is difficult, especially since all agreements by custo

11、m must be reached by consensus. As a result, important agreements are often held hostage by narrow special interests, and most agreements are reached only by reducing them to their lowest common denominators. But the real question is whether the major countries of the world will allow democracy to f

12、unction at the highest level.The Security Council, which is responsible for peace and security, deals with issues of the greatest political importance. The Council has only 15 members so it can meet frequently and deal with crises. Once impotent due to Cold War rivalries, it has regained much of the

13、 authority accorded by the UN charter.参考译文：联合国代表大会，中心政治论坛，由193个成员国组成，几 乎包括世界上的所有国家，其中三分之二为开展中国家，占世界 总人口的四分之三。通过决议非常困难，尤其是所有惯例决出的协议必须达成共 识才能通过。结果就是，重要的协议总是被狭隘的特殊利益所挟 持，并且大局部协议都只是用来使自己的利益最大化。但真正的 问题在于世界上的主要国家是否愿意看到民主最大限度地开展。联合国安理会，负责和平和平安，处理最重要的政治问题。 安理会只有15个成员国，所以能经常会晤并应对危机。它曾一度 由于冷战对立而停摆，但已经重新获得了联合国

14、宪章赋予的权 利。2014英译汉参考答案：参考答案：演说者与听众之间的实际距离通常来是用来传送 演说内容的最正确途径，但是同时可以说明很多问题。就拿距离的 远近来说，近距离可以表达演说者和听众的一种亲密程度，但同 时对于演说者也是一种心灵上的震慑。相反，远距离会是一种较 正式的表达，但也可说是一种缺乏兴趣的表现。大致距离不仅仅 是一种个人风格的表达，同时也和个人的文化背景息息相关，因 此在一种文化中所表达的演说者与听众之间适宜的距离，在另一 种文化中可能会被界定成一种过分亲近亦或过分的疏远。再比 如，在非正规的宴会中，双方之间紧贴的距离是一种适宜的表 现，但是如假设是和高层领导洽谈，这样的距离

15、就显得适得其反 了。不仅仅是距离，姿势也会透露很多细节。俯身前倾，头部前 伸是一种正面情绪的提现。但当和尊者沟通还伴随着时不时的眼 神交流时，谦卑的低头在一些文化背景中却也是一种合适的氛 围。专八翻译真题：得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在 花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起 来。一个春天的黄昏，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾 客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园 中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间， 个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心 头，禁不住痛哭起来。解析：阅学生之译文，发现有

16、一个问题值得注意，那就是如何在动笔翻 译前，能迅速正确地确定英译的主语。如：1 .得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。学生译文（以下简称“学译”）：Before the illness, I was much petted by parents, doing everything at will in the home.学译：Before I became ill, I have received all the favor of my parents, just like a little tyrant at home.参考译文： Before I fell ill, I had bee

17、n the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.我们知道，汉语表达大多为“意合”结构，结构松散，以一 个一个看似并列的短句拼凑而成，彼此逻辑关系不明显；但英语 那么不同于汉语，它是形合语言，非常讲究句子内部的逻辑关系的 “外化”，所谓“外化”，即使用Connectives来表现其逻辑关 系。我国译界有一个著名比喻：汉语句子的结构像”竹竿“，是 一节接一节的；而英语句子那么像“葡萄”，主干很短，而“挂” 在上面的附加成分那么很多。可以说，汉译英的过程，是一个由 “竹竿”向“葡萄”转换的过程。首先要确定“一节接一节”的 汉语句子，选其中

18、的哪一节为英句的“（葡萄）主干”。上面的汉语原句就含有一定的逻辑关系。“受父母宠爱”是 因，而“在家中横行霸道”那么是果。“果”应是全句的重心，英 译上句，“（葡萄）主干”中选定“在家中横行霸道”而非学生 译文所选的“我受父母宠爱”。2 .一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入 冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。学译：When isolated and taken into custody in a small house on the hillside of our garden, I felt like I was abandoned, getting more and more de

19、pressed.学译：As soon as I was kept apart in a small flat built on the hillside in the garden, I suddenly felt being consigned to limbo, gloomily and disappointedly.参考译文： Feeling like being deposed into a cold palace, I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was

20、 segregated and confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden.汉语原句有“四节”，哪一局部应该成为英句之主干？ “我 顿感打入冷宫”，还是“十分郁郁不得志起来”？学译都把“我顿感打入冷宫”处理为“主干”，而参考译文那么反其道而行之。细细分析，“十分郁郁不得志起来”和“我顿感打入冷宫”，两 者也有主次关系。显然，“十分郁郁不得志起来”为主，“我顿 感打入冷宫”为次。两者之间，不仅存在时间先后的顺序，而且 还存在着逻辑上的“因果”。因此参考译文处理得当。另一个值 得参考之处在于：“主干”(I began to taste

21、 the bitterness of depression and frustration)的前后均有附加成分，句子显 出“平衡美”。3 . 一个春天的黄昏，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时 宾客云集，笑语四溢。学译：At one dusk in spring, flowers were blooming wildly in the garden, my parents were holding a banquet, in which guests were gathering, laughters could be heard everywhere.学译：On a spring eveni

22、ng, hundreds of flowers were in full bloom in the garden where my parents hosted a banquet. For a while, guests gathered in large number, laughing and talking, which could be heard clearly.参考译文： On a spring evening, my parents gave a banquet in the garden where a profusion of flowers were in full bl

23、oom. In no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there.汉语原句的“节数”增加到“五节”。译成英语，仍应确定 正确的“主干”，两个“学译”不谋而合，将“园中百花怒放”，而不是“父母在园中设宴”作为主干来处理。读来，给人 一种观比萨斜塔的感觉。相比之下，参考译文那么给人一种美感， 散发出浓郁的英语味。原因很简单，参考译文选对了英译之“主 干” (my parents gave a banquet in the garden)。另夕卜一 个值得记取的经验是：汉语原句出现了一个句

24、号，因此80%左右的 学生译文，也亦步亦趋硬性译成了一句，以上两句“学译”也不 例外。复观参考译文我们发现，被处理成两句后沉着之中多了些 干练。4 .我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界， 一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋 洋。学译：I stayed in the small flat on the hillside, quietly opened the curtain, caught glimpse of the world in the garden, it was so flourishing： my brothers and sisters, mal

25、e cousins, were coming and going through, everyone looked pleasant.学译：In the small cottage on the hillside, secretly I opened the curtain to see the prosperity of the big world in the garden. All of them were delighted, including my brothers, my sisters, and my cousins.参考译文：I, without being noticed,

26、 lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy thebustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters, brothers and my cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the guests.汉语原句的“节数”有了空前的增加：八节。面对如此长的 “竹竿句”，学译显得有点“技穷”，无奈之下，以上两句学译 便依样画葫芦，照汉语原文的感觉走，见一句就译一句，不考

27、虑 “节”间关系，不分析时间先后和逻辑内涵。第二句学译甚至没 有弄清“自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄”和“个个喜气洋洋”之间的关 系，不明白“个个喜气洋洋”指的就是“自己的哥姐，堂表弟 兄”，而错把All of them were delighted当作“主干”，而把 my brothers, my sisters, and my cousins 用 including 作为 其中包含的成员处理。复观参考译文，发现译者在落下译笔之前，对原句的逻辑梳 理非常到位，因此确定主干也极为果断。“悄悄掀起窗帘”、“也穿插其间”分别作了 “主干”，英译就站稳了脚跟。特别值 得一提的是，译者在第一个主干(lifted

28、 the curtain in my small room)之后，用了一个动词不定式短语，表示结果，在 这个动词不定式短语前添加了一个副词only,译文顿时生色！这 说明，除了经过逻辑分析确定“主干”之外，能活用所掌握的词 汇，也极为重要。我们初学英语之时，就已经学到：only to是一 个很有感情色彩的表达，其含义是：不料竟会；没想到 会。5 . 一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不 住痛哭起来。学译：It was so quick that I felt being deserted by people and by the whole world, bursting into tears.