2022年大学化学实验课后思考题参考答案 .pdf

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1、大学化学实验思考题参考答案中国地质大学（北京）1003101129 实验一化学实验中的基本操作思考题：1)使用滴定管应注意哪些问题？应如何排除滴定管中的气泡？答：(1)洗涤酸式滴定管先用少量的铬酸洗液洗涤后，用自来水洗涤，再用少量蒸馏水洗涤 2-3 次，最后用待装液润洗2-3 次。酸式滴定管用洗涤液洗涤时，应先将乳胶管摘下后再洗，洗净后再装上。(2)试漏装入液体至一定刻线，直立滴定管5 分钟，观察刻线的液面是否下降，滴定管下端有无水滴滴下，酸式滴定管旋塞缝隙中有无水渗出。若有滴漏，酸式滴定管应在旋塞上涂一薄层凡士林；碱式滴定管需更换玻璃珠或乳胶管。(3)赶气泡 酸式滴定管快速方液可赶走气泡，；

2、碱式滴定管将胶管向上弯曲，用力挤捏玻璃珠，使溶液从尖嘴排出，排出气泡。(4)滴定左手使用活塞，左手拇指在前，食指和中指在后，轻轻向内扣住活塞，逐渐放出溶液。(5)读数读数时视线应与弯月面下缘实线的最低点相切，即实线应与弯月面的最低点在同一水平面上。为了减小误差，每次都从零开始读数。排除滴定管中气泡的方法：同(3)2)使用移液管的操作要领是什么？为何要垂直流下液体？最后一滴液体如何处理？答：移液管的操作要领：(1)洗涤应用少量的铬酸洗液洗涤，然后用自来水洗涤，再用少量蒸馏水洗涤 2-3 次，再用待装液润洗2-3 次。(2)吸取溶液手拿刻度以上部分，将管的下口插入欲取的溶液中，吸取溶液至刻度线 2

3、cm 以上，迅速用食指堵住移液管管口。(3)调节液面将移液管垂直提离液面，调节溶液的弯月面底部于刻度线相切(4)放出溶液放液以后使尖嘴口在容器内壁靠约30 秒，注意最后一滴的处理，吹或不吹。为了使液体自由落下，不停留在管内壁，确保移液准确定量，故放液时要垂直流下液体；若移液管上没有注明“吹”字，最后一滴不可吹出，因为在设计移液管时，移液管体积没有包括最后一滴溶液的体积。3)使用容量瓶配制溶液时，应如何进行定量转移？答：称取一定质量的固体放在小烧杯中，用水溶解，转移过程中，用一根玻璃棒插入容量瓶内，烧杯嘴紧靠玻璃棒，使溶液沿玻璃棒慢慢流入，玻璃棒下端要靠近瓶颈内壁，不要接近瓶口，以免有溶液溢出。

4、待测液流完后，将烧杯沿玻璃棒向上稍提起，同时直立，是附着在烧杯嘴上的一滴溶液流回烧杯内。残留在烧杯中的少许溶液，可用少量蒸馏水按上述方法洗 3-4 次，洗涤液转移合并到容量瓶中；定容并摇匀。文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN1

5、0E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN

6、10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 Z

7、N10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5

8、ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5

9、 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V

10、5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1

11、V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3实验二酸碱标准溶液的配制与浓度的标定思考题：1)配制酸碱标准溶液时，为什么用量筒量取盐酸和用台秤称固体氢氧化钠，而不用移液管和分析天平？配制的溶液浓度应取几位有效数字？为什么答：因为浓盐酸容易挥发，氢氧化钠吸收空气中的水分和二氧化碳，准确量取无意义，只能先近似配制溶液浓度，然后用基准物质标定其准确浓度，所以配制时不需要移液管和分析天平。因为配制时粗配，配制的溶液浓度应取一位有效数字。2)标定 HCl溶液时，基准物 Na2CO3,称 0.13g左右，标定 NaOH溶液时，称邻苯二

12、甲酸氢钾 0.5g左右，这些称量要求是怎么算出来的？称太多或太少对标定有何影响？答：根据滴定时所需盐酸或氢氧化钠的体积在20-25ml 估算出来的。因为滴定管在读数时会存在一定误差，消耗体积在20-25ml 时相对误差较小。称太多，所需盐酸或氢氧化钠可能会超过滴定范围，而且会造成浪费；称太少，相对误差较大，不能满足误差要求。3)标定用的基准物质应具备哪些条件？答：基准物质应具备：(1)组成物质应有确定的化学式；(2)纯度要求在 99%以上；(3)性质稳定；(4)有较大的摩尔质量；(5)与待标定物质有定量的化学反应。4)溶解基准物质时加入50ml 蒸馏水应使用移液管还是量筒？为什么？答：用量筒。

13、因为基准物质的质量是一定的，加入50ml 蒸馏水只是保证基准物质完全溶解，不影响定量反应有关计算，所以只需用量筒取用就可以了。5)用邻苯二甲酸氢钾标定氢氧化钠溶液时，为什么选用酚酞指示剂？用甲基橙可以吗？为什么？答：邻苯二甲酸氢钾与氢氧化钠反应的产物在水溶液中显微碱性，酚酞的显色范围为 pH8-10，可准确地指示终点。甲基橙的显色范围为pH3.1-4.4，在反应尚未达到终点时，就已经变色，会产生较大的误差，所以不能用甲基橙为指示剂。6)Na2C2O4能否作为标定酸的基准物？为什么？答：不能，因为草酸的 Ka1和Ka2值接近，不能分步滴定，滴定反应的产物不是唯一的，所以不能作为标定酸的基准为。但

14、Na2C2O4能作为氧化还原滴定的基准物。实验三容量器皿的校准思考题：1)为什么要进行容量器皿的校准？影响容量器皿体积刻度不准确的主要因素文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6

15、 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z

16、6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5

17、Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L

18、5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6

19、L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V

20、6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3

21、V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3有哪些？答：容量器皿的容积并非与其标出的体积相符合，在准确度要求较高的分析工作中就必须对容量器皿进行校准。影响容量器皿体积刻度不准确的主要因素有：(1)温度玻璃具有热胀冷缩的特性，在不同温度下容量器皿的容积不同；(2)仪器制造工艺误差。2)称量水的质量时为什么只要精确至0.01g？答：滴定管的读数精确到0.1ml，估读到 0.01ml，根据有效数字的计算规则，水的质量只要精确到0.01g 就能满足要求。3)利用称量水法进行容量瓶校准时，为何要求水温和室温一致？若两者有稍微差异时以哪一温度为准？答：水的密度会随温度的变化而变化，且

22、玻璃有热胀冷缩的特性，水温和室温一致，可以使水的体积和容量器皿的容积一致，使校准结果更准确。若两者有稍微差异时以水温为准。4)从滴定管放出去离子水到称量的容量瓶内时，应注意些什么？答：(1)注意滴定管中不能有气泡；(2)控制放液速度，使滴定管读数准确（V=10ml/min）；(3)滴定管中的水不能溅到容量瓶外；(4)滴定管口最后一滴水也要引入容量瓶中；(5)正确读取数据；(6)容量瓶外部必须是干燥的。实验五化学反应速率与活化能的测定思考题：文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E

23、10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10

24、E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN1

25、0E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN

26、10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 Z

27、N10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5

28、ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5

29、 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B31)从实验结果说明哪些因素影响反应速率？它们是怎么影响的？答：(1)反应温度、反应物浓度、催化剂、不均匀系统中反应物的接触面积都将影响反应速率。(2)各因素对反应速率的影响情况为：温度：温度升高，系统内活化分子的百分数增加，反应

30、速率增大；浓度：浓度增大，活化分子的总数增加，反应速率增加；催化剂：加入催化剂，反应物的活化能降低，一定温度下单位体积内的活化分子的百分数增加，反应速率增大；表面积：对于不均匀反应系统，反应物接触面积的大小影响反应速率。表面积增大，反应速率增加。2)下列情况对实验结果有何影响？分析原因。答：(1)取用试剂的量筒没有分开专用会造成试剂相互污染，使浓度发生变化且有副反应发生，最后影响反应结果。(2)先加 NH4 2S2O8，最后加 KI 溶液加入的 NH42S2O8溶液将先于溶液中的 Na2S2O3反应，因而减少溶液中Na2S2O3总量，当最后加入KI 后，NH42S2O8与 KI 反应生成的 I

31、2与Na2S2O3反应的时间变短，结果造成反应速度增大的假象，产生正误差。(3)缓慢地加入NH4 2S2O8溶液由于缓慢地加入NH42S2O8溶液，使 NH4 2S2O8随着不断地加入而不断地消耗，浓度不能达到最大的初始浓度，故反应速度比瞬时加入要NH4 2S2O8时低，使结果产生了负误差。文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4

32、T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U

33、4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10

34、U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O1

35、0U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O

36、10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2

37、O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ

38、2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3实验六醋酸的解离度与解离常数的测定思考题：1)本实验室如何测定HAc的准确浓度的，其依据是什么？答：通过已知准确浓度的NaOH容易滴定 HAc来测定其浓度。其依据是酸碱中和反应是定量进行的。2)若改变所测 HAc的浓度或温度，则其解离度与解离常数有无变化？答：改变醋酸浓度，其解离度有变化，解离常数不变；改变醋酸溶液的温度，其解离度变化，解离常数也变化。3)在测定一系列同种弱酸的

39、pH 值时，为什么应按浓度由稀到浓一次测定。答：测定一系列不用浓度的同种弱酸的pH 值时，按照浓度由稀到浓测定可以：减少记忆效应，使玻璃电极薄膜两边的 H+浓度较快达到平衡，使读数尽快稳定且准确，减小由于残留 H+浓度对下次测量造成的误差。如何校正酸度计，怎样才算校正完毕？答：本实验采用两点校正法：a：将选择旋钮置于pH 档，调节温度补偿旋钮，使其指示浓度为溶液温度b：将玻璃电极的玻璃球浸入已知准确pH 值的（=6.86）的标准缓冲溶液。调节定位旋钮使指针读数与该值一致，消除电极不对称电势产生的误差。用蒸馏水洗净玻璃电极后，将玻璃球放入pH 值为 4.00 的标准缓冲溶液中，调节斜率旋钮，使指

40、针读数指向4.00，补偿电极转换系数值不能达到理论值而产生的误差。文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N

41、3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4

42、N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV

43、4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:C

44、V4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:

45、CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码

46、:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3实验八

47、苯甲酸燃烧热的测定思考题：1)本实验如何考虑系统与环境？答：被研究的对象称为系统，系统以外的周围物质称为环境。本实验可将钢弹内物质苯甲酸和氧气作为系统，将钢弹、水、金属容器和绝热外套作为环境。也可将钢弹及内部物质、水和金属容器、绝热外套作为系统，而降系统周围的空气等作为环境，弹式量热计是一个密闭绝热系统。2)如何考虑标准燃烧焓定义中的标准状态？怎样求得25下的标准燃烧焓？答：在化学热力学中规定:压力为标准压力 P?=100kpa（在气体混合物中。系指各气态物质的分压均为标准压力），溶液中溶质（如水合离子或分子）的浓度（确切地说应为有效浓度或活度）均为标准浓度C=1moldm-3的条件为标准条件

48、。若系统中所有的物质或溶液都是在标准条件下就称之为标准状态。25时的标准燃烧焓可以由该温度下每种物质的标准摩尔生成焓求得，?cHm?（298.15K）=VBB?fHm?（298.15K）=7（-393.50KJ mol-1）+3（-285.83 KJ mol-1）-（-385.05 KJ mol-1）=-3.227 103 KJ mol-1文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3

49、文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B

50、3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5B3文档编码:CV4N3V6L5Z6 HQ2O10U4T1V5 ZN10E10E3I5