2022年大学博士英语考试试题及解析.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Part Two ： Structure and Written Expression （ 20% ）Directions：For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.11 Whether the extension

2、 of consciousness is a “ good thing ” for human being is a question that a wide solution.A admits ofB. requires ofC. needs ofD. seeks for12 In a culture like ours, longall things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.A accustomed to spl

3、it and dividedB accustomed to splitting and dividing C accustomed to split and dividingD accustomed to splitting and divided13Apple pie isneither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.A. at itselfB. as itselfC. on itselfD. in itself 14us earlier,your request to the full.A.

4、 You have contactedwe could comply withB. Had you contactedwe could have complied withC. You had contactedcould we have complied withD. Have you contactedwe could comply with15The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions toor to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discardB. discreetC. dis

5、cordD. disgorge16. Livingconstantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infectedthe unconscioustheir psychology. No one can shield himselfsuch an influence.A. onbyatB. byforinC. frominonD. throughwithfrom17. The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create.A. b

6、oreB. boredC. boredomD. bordom18. Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quitein the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.A. lackedB. lackingC. for lack ofD. lack of19. There are too many complains about societymove too fast to keep up with the machine.A. that have toB. have toC. ha

7、ving toD. has to20. The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is nowfor it.A. none the worseB. none the betterC. never worseD. never better21. As the silent filmsound, so did the sound filmcolor.A. cried out forcried out forB. cry out forcry out forC. had cried out forcried out fo

8、rD. had cried out forcry out for22. While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very.A. triggerB. meagerC. vigorD. linger23. Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up,by industrial technology.A. as much the Africans are detribalizedB. the Africans are much bein

9、g detribalizedC. as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD. as much as the Africans are detribalized24. Weadmire his courage and self-confidence.A. can butB. cannot onlyC. cannot butD. can only but25. In the 1930s, when millionsof comic books werethe young withfightingand killing,nobody seemed

10、 to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical.A. inundatingB. imitatingC. immolatingD. insulating可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -26. you promise you will work h

11、ard,support you to college.A. If onlywill IB. OnlyI willC. Only ifwill ID. Only ifI will27. It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never feltinvention as a threat to his way of life.A. any concern withB. any concern aboutC. any concern inD. any concern at28. One room schools, with all s

12、ubjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simplywhen better transportation permits specialized spaces and specialized teaching.A. resolvedB. absolvedC. dissolvedD. solved29. People are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to worklonger, liveless in retire

13、ment or bailedby the government.A. inforupB. foronoutC. byinonD. onforout30. The countrys deficit that yearto a record 1698 billion dollarsA. soaredB. souredC. soredD. sourcedPart Three: Close Test 10%Directions: Read the following passage carefully and chooseONE best word for each numbered blank. M

14、ark your answers on the Answer Sheet.2022 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade31was 2022, and before that 2022 and 2022. In fact,industry revenues have been32for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling.Maybe that s because illega

15、l downloads are so easy. People have been33intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly34copies. These days, high-quality copies are35. According to the Pew Internet project, people use file-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other

16、 legal shops.I d like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice wont do much harm. But even as I ve heard over thepast decade that things weren t36bad, that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each years numbers have been worse. Maybe it s time to admit

17、that we may never finda way to37consumers whowant freeentertainment with creators who want to get paid.38 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesnt always 39 that fr

18、amework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract. “The nature of intellectual property, ” he wrote, “ makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic 40 that keeps us from taking each other s things.”31. A. AsB. SameC. ThusD. So32. A. stagnatingB. decliningC. incre

19、asingD. stultifying33. A. takingB. robbingC. stealingD. pirating34. A. upgradedB. inferiorC. ineffectiveD. preferable35. A. numerousB. ubiquitousC. accessibleD. effortless36. A. soB. thisC. thatD. much37. A. satisfyB. helpC. reconcileD. equate38. A. BasedB. CapitalizingC. ReflectingD. Drawing39. A.

20、match up withB. fill inC. fit intoD. set up40. A. constraintsB. consciousnessC. normD. etiquettePart IV: Reading Comprehension20%Directions: Each of the following four passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question or unfinished statement, four answers are given.

21、Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneCancer has always been withus, but not always in the same way. Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity, visibility, and meaning

22、s. Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crab so named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its pain is可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资

23、料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -like the pinch of a crabs claw. Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes breaks through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges. The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distincti

24、on between benign tumors oncos and malignant ones carcinos. In the second centuryAD, Galen reckoned that the cause was systemic, an excess of melancholy or black bile, one of the body s four“ humors,” brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances. Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut

25、 tumors out, but the prognosis was known to be grim. Describing tumors of the breast, an Egyptian papyrus from about 1600BC concluded:“ There is no treatment.”The experience of cancer has always been terrible, but, until modern times, its mark on the culture has been light. In the past, fear coagula

26、ted around other ways of dying: infectious and epidemic diseases plague, smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid fever;“ apoplexies” what we now call strokes and heart attacks; and, most notably in the nineteenth century,“ consumption ”tuberculosis. The agonizing manner of cancer death was dreaded, but t

27、hat fear was not centrally situated in the public mind as it now is. This is one reason that the medical historian Roy Porter wrote that cancer is“ the modern disease par excellence,” and that Mukherjee calls it“ the quintessential product of modernity. ”At one time, it was thought that cancer was a

28、 “ diseaseof civilization,belo”ng ing to much the same causal domain as“ neurasthenia” and diabetes, the former a nervous weakness believed to be brought about by the stressmoofdern life and the latter a condition produced by bad diet and indolence. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some p

29、hysicians attributed cancer notably of the breast and the ovaries to psychologicaland behavioralcauses. WilliamBuchans wildlypopulareighteenth-century text “ Domestic Medicine ” judged that cancers might be caused by“ excessive fear, grief,religiousmelancholy.” In the nineteenth century, reference w

30、as repeatedly made to a“ cancer personality, ” and, in some versions, specificallyto sexual repression. As Susan Sontag observed, cancer was considered shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene. Amongthe Romantics and the Victorians,suffering and dying fromtuberculosis might be considered a badge

31、of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sort.“ It seems unimaginable,” Sontag wrote, “ to aestheticize” cancer.41. According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians.A. called cancer the crabB. were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant onesC. found out the cause of cancerD. knew about

32、 a lot of malignant tumors42. Which of the following statements about the cancers of the past is best supported by the passage. A .Ancient people did not live long enough to become prone to cancerB. In the past, people did not fear cancerC. Cancer death might be considered a badge of refinementD. So

33、me physicians believed that ones own behavioral mode could lead to cancer43. Which of the following is the reason for cancer to be called“ the modern disease”. A .Modern cancer care is very effectiveB. There is a lot more cancer nowC. People understand cancer in radically new ways nowD. There is a s

34、harp increase in mortality in modern cancer world44. “Neurasthenia ” and diabetes are mentioned because. A . they are as fatal as cancerB. they were considered to be “ disease of civilization ”C. people dread them very muchD. they are brought by the high pressure of modern life45. As suggested by th

35、e passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree. A . The care and management of cancer have development over timeB. The cultural significance of cancer shifts in different timesC. Cancers identity has never changed D. Cancer is the price paid for modern lifePassa

36、ge TwoIf you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the US economy had become “ very distorted. ” In the

37、 wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income individuals,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “ significant recovery ”; the

38、rest of the economy, by contrast including small businesses and “ a very significant amount of the labor force ” was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at all, but rather “ fundamentally two separate types of economy, ” increasingly distinct anddiver

39、gent.This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left. The idea of“two Americas ” was a central theme of John Edwards s 2022 and 2022 presidential runs. What made the argument striking in

40、 this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and at leastuntil recently the nation s foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself i

41、s declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong.This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2022 report to investors, for instance, three analysts at Citigroup advised that“ the World is dividing into two blocs

42、 the Plutonomy and the rest ”.In a plutonomy there is no such animal as“ the U S consumer” or “ the UK consumer ” , or indeed“ the Russian consumer”. There are rich consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the“ non-

43、rich ”, the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the nationalpie.Before the recession, it was relativelyeasy to ignorethis concentration of wealth among an elite few. The wondrous inventions of the modern economy Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the live

44、s of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventions particularly the explosion of subprime credit helped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant.But the financialcrisis and its long,

45、dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multi-billion-dollar bailoutand Wall Streets swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit.And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable

46、-fears that we are living innot merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in whichthe rich display outsize politicalinfluence,narrowlyselfinterested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble.46. According to the passage, the U S economy.A. fares quite wellB. has completely recovered from the economic recessionC. has its own problemsD. is lagging behind other industrial economies47. Which of the following statement about todays super-elite would the passage support.A. Today s plutocrats are the hereditary eliteB. Todays super-rich are incr