大学英语精读第三册三单元短语的翻译.ppt

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1、大学英语精读第三册三单元短语的翻译 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望Why I teach “why do you teach,Pete?”My friend asked me questions when I told him that I didnt want to be considered for a university administrative position.He was puzzled that I did not want t

2、o take what was obviously a step toward what all American boys are taught to want when they grow up,money and power.I told him that as a teacher,I had both a decent salary and the only kind of power worth having,the power to change lives.“Besides,I said”,I like my job in part because no administrato

3、r has even told me how to teach or what to teach or how to treat students,why would I want to be an administrator cut off from the only kind of power that matters in university?”But he had stopped listening so I stopped talking.I was not satisfied with that answer anyhow.His question got me thinking

4、,though.This little book is an extended answer to the question,“why do you teach,Pete?”Certainly I dont teach because teaching comes naturally to me.I was about the quietest kid in class all through high school and college.My teachers just couldnt get me to talk.The last thing I wanted to do for a c

5、areer was to stand in front of a group of People and jabber.And certainly I dont teach because teaching is easy for me.Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living:bulldozer mechanic,carpenter,temporary college administrator,writer.参考文献Longman Grammar of Spok

6、en and Written-English Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press Success In Advanced English Writing 高级高级英语写作指南英语写作指南 祁寿华祁寿华 上海外语教育出版社上海外语教育出版社 英汉互译测试教程英汉互译测试教程 吴松林吴松林 中国电力出版社中国电力出版社英汉翻译教程英汉翻译教程 吕俊吕俊 上海外语教育出版社上海外语教育出版社从音、形、义三方面看英汉的不同（二）PronunciationIntonationstressRhythmpronunciationItgoeswithout

7、sayingthataninterpreterspronunciationofEnglishwordsmustbecorrect;forawrongpronunciationoftheessentialwordwould,tosaytheleast,createmisunderstandingonthepartofthelistener,whatweshouldliketostresshereinthecontextofinterpretation,are1thataninterpretershouldavoid“swallowingpartofthewords”or“swallowingsy

8、llables”2thatheshouldavoid“anexaggeratedefforttobeprecise”Intonation A the falling tuneB the rising tuneC the falling and rising tunestressWordstressSentencestressWord stressEnglishwordscontainsyllables.Awordcontainingasinglesyllableisamonosyllabicword;onecontainingtwoormoresyllablesispolysyllabicwo

9、rd.TheclassificationofstressstrongstressandweakstressMainstressandsecondarystressexamplesexamplesOn1stsyllable:contextceremonysatisfydifferentuniversity2ndsyllable:contextualdirectelectriccomparison3rdsyllable:satisfactiondifferentialindividualSentence stressI am going to the post office to send a l

10、etter.Question:words are made to stand out from others Another general rule to go by is that when a word is used twice in the same sentence or the text,it generally loses its stress when repeated.RhythmRhythminspokenEnglishcomesfromacombinationoftheseotherfactors,itdependslargelyuponthebalanceofphra

11、sing,stressingandintonation,perhapsitisthesubtlestpartofanylanguage,rhythmeludesdefinitionyetitsomethingwhichvitallyaffectsthesuccessofdelivery(oftheoriginalspeakerandthei n t e r p r e t e r a l i k e)音译简要介绍音译音译1984年高明凯汉语外来语词典年高明凯汉语外来语词典 4400多个多个SARS，coup 政变泰国政变泰国 poker humor carnation angel hambur

12、ger coco cola pepsi cola hamburger MacDonalds shock shampoo jazz 英语中英语中kowtow litchi kung fu makjong jiaozi silk 等等形26个字母，个字母，48个发音，用个发音，用26个常用的前个常用的前缀，缀，10个常用的后缀，个常用的后缀，8中造词的原则就中造词的原则就有有200万多个英文词汇。万多个英文词汇。（questionable）We have reason to hold that-构词 自考365Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo c

13、hangescompounding 合成合成2830conversion 转化转化 26%derivation 派生派生 30%40 shortening 8%-10%(clipping and acronym)blending and borrowing and others1%-5%Compounding 合成合成 由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号，有的直接写在一起，还的用连词符号，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词语组成有的由分开的两个词语组成Eg:blackboardsightseeingpasser-bymaybeup-to-datepos

14、tofficehorseridingoilwell Conversion 转化转化 由一种词性转化为另一种或者由一种词性转化为另一种或者几种词性几种词性Eg:Ittastesgood.Ithasnotmuchtaste.Clearandclean Derivation 派生派生 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。一个词。prefixes suffixes prefixesnegativeprefixes isin(ilirim)notnonunmis prefixesofdegreeorsize macrolargelongmicrosmallshortmin

15、isubunder(分，支，次，分，支，次，亚亚)superaboveoverLocativeprefixesextraforeintertele-farawaytransPrefixesoftimeandorder(foreprepostre)Numberprefixes(bimonomultisemi-halforpartlytri)Suffixes noun suffixes 1concrete(er,oressletetteanteeent)2abstract(agedomeryhoodingismshipsome)tionsionionenceingmentitynesseseani

16、stOthers-edfulishlesslikelyyal)denotation本义，字面意义本义，字面意义 词义的演变词义的演变 扩大，缩小，词义扩大，缩小，词义褒贬的变化褒贬的变化 词义的变化词义的缩小词义的缩小 deer-disease 丈人丈人词义的转移词义的转移 原来词义的消失原来词义的消失 naughty a naughty world 万恶的万恶的 道德败坏的道德败坏的 现在现在意思是淘气的意思是淘气的感情色彩的变化感情色彩的变化negro 中性向贬义发展中性向贬义发展 blackconnotation the meaning of a wordContext 语境语境 文体文

17、体程度程度感情色彩感情色彩Exampleswise&cleverApoliticianiswise(heknowswhatisgoodforhispeople),butthispersonmaynotbeveryclever.Someonemaybeverycleverbuthemaynotbewiseorgoodatall.LiveandstayTheyaresynonymsinthesenseof“居住居住”，but“我我在信阳住了十年在信阳住了十年”isputinto“IhavelivedinXinyangfor10years”;while“我要在武汉住一个月我要在武汉住一个月”ispu

18、tinto“IamgoingtostayinWuhanforamonth”.Generallyspeaking,“live”isusedforlongperiodwhile“stay”forashortperiod.一般来讲词语对等就是从词语的指称意义来一般来讲词语对等就是从词语的指称意义来谈的。范：但有的对等词义并不完全对等：谈的。范：但有的对等词义并不完全对等：marry-cousin-parent-adoptiveparentrealparentnatural(biological)fatherormother工厂：工厂：factory,plant,mill,works 遗产：遗产：le

19、gacy（遗产中的动产部分）（遗产中的动产部分）estate（尚未被继承的全（尚未被继承的全部遗产）部遗产）inheritance(已经被继承了的遗产已经被继承了的遗产)税；税；tax,税，税额。税，税额。Duty 关税关税 tariff进出口货物所怔进出口货物所怔之税之税 localtax,statetax,customsduties 介绍：介绍：introduceorrecommend,buttheword“introduce”ismorelimitedthan“介介绍绍”inChinese,thefirstpicturewhichanativeEnglishspeakergetsinhi

20、smindwhenhehearstheword“introduce”istointroducesomebodytosomebodyelse.Ofcourse,thisdoesexcludethepossibilitythatsomeonemayintroducehimself.But“你能介绍我一本好书吗？你能介绍我一本好书吗？”ifyousay“couldyouintroducemeabook”,thenativespeakersofEnglishwouldbesurprisedtohearthatapersoncouldbeintroducedtoabook.(movieaboutthes

21、trong)isrenderedinto“Couldyourecommendmeagoodbook?”红包：红包：giftmoney（婚丧嫁娶所送）婚丧嫁娶所送）bonus（公司所发的奖励公司所发的奖励）bribe（行贿所行贿所送的现送的现 金）金）另外蕴涵意义中，词语的文体特征，感情色另外蕴涵意义中，词语的文体特征，感情色彩也是翻译过程中所要特别注意的。彩也是翻译过程中所要特别注意的。我们曾经谈到过演讲方面的几中风格我们曾经谈到过演讲方面的几中风格：freezingstyle,consultativestyle,casualstyleandintimatestyle.这几种不同的风格，常常取

22、决于这几种不同的风格，常常取决于1theaddresser2theaddressee3subjectmatter(thecontent)4formofcommunication(theway)slang(spoken,informal,familiar,(regional,dialect)written,formal,polite,(standard,speech)formal&informal,degree,derogatorytermandcommendatorytermwording(diction)syntax(omissionofstructurewordsyeah,hi,um,ok

23、,well,etc)EG:show-demonstrateindicatetellinformacquaint(few)liveresideuse-utilizesoonthenearfutureclose-end-conclude-completestart-commenceso-consequentlyglad-contentreal-genuineEG:try-attemptget-obtainhide-concealsee-beholdtalkwith-conversewithabout-withreferencetoafterthat-thereafterectHucapshisUS

24、tourwithYalespeechHuWrapsuphisvisitwithYalespeech(comment)Happy/pleased-joyful/delighted(veryhappy)-cheerful(happyandbright)overjoyedintoxicatedangry-(filledwithanger)-annoyed(alittleangry)-furious/enraged(fullofrage)Blue-sad-depressed/dejected Tiny-small/little(size,weight,force,importance,etc)-ave

25、rage-big-huge(great,titanic)-enormous.Few/little-a few/a little-many/much-numerous/a great deal of/a plenty of High/tall-towering(exaggerate-the towering giant of a man who was walking toward us)-lofty(can be used to describe the object-extremely high:Eg,we saw the lofty,snow-capped mountain.)Short-

26、stocky(short and strong in body)-dumpy/squat(deperec short and thick in body)Fat-stout-plump(pleasantfat)-corpulent(derog)-overwight.Thin-slim(pleasantthin)/slender/(verythininapleasantway)-skinny.不同的笑不同的笑smilechucklegrinbeaminglaughguffaw(laughwhichisloudperhapsrude)jeer微笑微笑轻声地笑轻声地笑露齿一笑露齿一笑满脸笑容满脸笑容

27、大笑大笑放声大笑放声大笑,狂笑狂笑嘲笑嘲笑不同的走不同的走saunteramblestridetrudge/plodtramp悠然自得地走从容不迫地走大步流星地走步履艰难的走步履沉重地走Homework:关于哭的不同词汇关于哭的不同词汇Cry-weep-sob-wailslim-thin-skinnyfat-corpulent-plumppropagate-preachpublicize-disseminate;peasant(汉语中一个中性汉语中一个中性的词语，而在英语中喻指粗鲁无教养的人的词语，而在英语中喻指粗鲁无教养的人)&farmer;cheapandgood(物美价廉物美价廉)-)-

28、economicalandgoodorniceandinexpensive;uselameargumentorforcedargument(强强););willfullymaketroubleorbedeliberatelyprovocative(无无)，giveadoganevilnameandhanghim(欲欲)gettingswollen-headed(forgettingoneself)tostirorinciteangerorresentment);thankstodueto,owingto,becauseof-inconsequenceof,wiseandresourceful-

29、abagoftricks,etc.TheobjectiveandsubjectiveaspectinPaperwritingformal,informal,personal,relaxed,impersonalandrestrainedbesideswordschoosing,usingthethirdpersonreferences:theauthor,thewriter,theinvestigator,itwasleaned,andinvestigationdisclosedetc.CollocationCollocation（指语言系统内各个语言成分的同指语言系统内各个语言成分的同现和组

30、合，是语境的重要组成部分）现和组合，是语境的重要组成部分）You shall know a word by the company it keeps.在这在这里里company指的是与某一词语同现的搭配词语指的是与某一词语同现的搭配词语。Beginandstartsmallandlittleshoulder-head大风大风 大雨大雨 大雾大雾 假花假花 假牙假牙 假唱假唱 假钞假钞 假新闻假新闻 竞争意识竞争意识 自我意识自我意识 恶性通货膨胀恶性通货膨胀 恶性循环恶性循环Strongwindheavyrainthickfogartificialflowerfalsetoothlip-syn

31、chcounterfeitmoneypseudo-eventcompetitivespiritselfconsciousnessgallopinginflationviciouscircleExercise宰客宰客自学自学寒衣寒衣彩票彩票 听电话听电话 抓紧时间抓紧时间 文化程度文化程度学习知识学习知识风凉话风凉话提高英语水平提高英语水平Swindle(cheat,defraud)money from customersself taughtwarm clotheslottery answer the telephonemake the best use of ones timeeducational levelacquire knowledgeirresponsible and sarcastic remarksimprove ones English