2022年定语从句与宾语从句的区别与联系.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载宾语从句一、宾语从句概说宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句；语从句；在谓语动词, 介词和某些形容词等后面都可以接宾同学们要把握好宾语从句,主要应当留意以下三个关键：1连接词：依据从句类型而定；2语序：用陈述句语序；3时态：依据主句中谓语动词的时态而定；（自然、科学规律及真理可以除外）二、宾语从句的连接词：1 that that 引导陈述意义的宾语从句,无实际意思,在从句中也不充当任何成分；在口语和非正式文 体中 that 常被省略；She said that she missed us very much. 她说她特别思念我

2、们；I think she is right. 我认为她是对的（that 被省略）2 whether, if ：whether 与 if 引导挑选意义的宾语从句,意思为 是否 ；I wonder whether/ if she still lives here after so many years. 这不知道经过这么之年她是否仍住在这里；Have you found out whether/if he is in London.3 what, who, whom, which 你弄清晰他是否在伦敦了吗？这是一组连接代词,引导疑问意义的宾语从句；Can you tell me what bre

3、ad is made from. 你能告知我面包是由什么制造的吗？I cant remember who has come to my office.我不记得谁来过我的办公室了；Tom asked me whom/who they were talking about. 汤姆问我他们在谈论谁；I want to know which is better. 我想知道哪一个更好些；whom 引导宾语从句时一般可由 who 替换,但假如宾语从句的介词提前,就只能用 whom,不能用 who ；I wonder with who she is angry.（ ）I wonder with whom s

4、he is angry. 我不知道她在跟谁愤怒；4 when, where, why, how 这是一组连接副词,引导疑问意义的宾语从句；Im not sure when he will be back. 我不能确定他何时回来；I cant tell you where he lives. 我不能告知你他住在哪儿；We dont know why he broke the window. 我们不知道他为何打破窗户；Would you please tell me how I can get to the nearest bus stop. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共

5、 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载请告知我如何才能到达最近的公共汽车站好吗？5某些形容词如 afraid, sure, glad, happy 等后也可以带宾语从句（也有人认为是状语从句）；Im afraid that we cant get there on time. 唯恐我们不能准时到达那里了；Hes not sure whether he can find her. 他不能确定他是否能够找到她；三、宾语从句的时态：宾语从句的时态原就上应与主句的时态保持一样；1 假如主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时,现在进行时和现在完成时）,宾语从句可以是实 际

6、需要的任何时态；I am wondering whether he has come or not. 我不知道他是否已经来了；（现在完成时）Please tell me when well have the meeting. 请告知我什么时候开会；（一般将来时）I dont know who they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论谁；（现在进行时）I have heard the window was broken by John. 我已经听说窗户是被约翰打破的；2 假如主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时,过去进行时）,宾语从句必需选用过去的某一 时态（即一般过去时,

7、过去将来时,过去进行时或过去完成时等）He said he would kill her. 他说他会杀了她；（过去将来时）She told us Lucy had returned home. 她告知我们露茜已经回家去了；（过去完成时）Mary was wondering who could answer the question. 玛丽想知道谁能回答这一问题；（一般过去时）I didnt tell them where you were having the meeting. 我没有告知他们你们正在哪儿开会；（过去进行时）3 假如宾语从句表示的是科学其理、客观事实或格言警句等,就不管这句是何

8、种时态,从句一律用一般现在时；Granny told me that the earth moves around the sun. 奶奶告知我地球环绕太阳转；She said a friend in need is a friend indeed. 她说患难伴侣才是真正的伴侣；四、宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序一律使用陈述语序；1 当宾语从句原为陈述句时,用 that 引导,语序不变；（留意时态的一样）Tom isnt a good student. The teacher told us The teacher told us Tom wasnt a good student. 老师告知我

9、们汤姆不是一个好同学；He has given up smoking. She said She said he had given up smoking. 她说他已经戒烟了；2 当宾语从句原为一般疑问句时,用 Is Jim a doctor. I wonder whether 或 if 连接,语序变为陈述语序；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载I wonder whether Jim is a doctor. 我想知道吉姆是否是个医生；Does she dance well. Can you t

10、ell me Can you tell me if she dances well. 你能告知我她舞跳的是否好吗？3 当宾语从句原为特别疑问句时,特别疑问词即为连接词,语序变为陈述语序；Where are you going. She asked me She asked me where you were going. 她问我你去哪里；What does he want to do. She wondered She wondered what he wanted to do. 她不知道他想干什么；五、直接引语与间接引语在学习宾语从句的过程中,有一个重要的学问就是：如何将直接引语变为间接引语

11、；在直接引语变间接引语时,同 学们要留意以下事项：1人称代词和物主代词要做相应的调整；He said, Im glad to meet you. - He said that he was glad to meet me. 但假如说话者转述自己的话,就不用变人称；I said to them, Ill leave a massage on his desk. - I said to them that Ill leave a message on his desk. 2在一些情形下,假如人称代词所指代的名词简单发生混淆,就最好将人称代词改为它所指 代的名词；My father thought,

12、 Maybe he is right. - My father thought that maybe the man was right. 3当直接引语中显现when, while, since 等词引导的表示过去的时间状语时,在变间接引语时,只转变主句的时态,不转变该从句的时态；Our teacher told us, Jim has made great progress in Chinese since he came to China. - Our teacher told us that Jim had made great progress in Chinese since he

13、came to China. 4直接引语变间接引语时,假如报告动词用say,就不必加间接宾语；假如要加的话,say 后就肯定要加介词to. The old man said, Its going to rain. - The old man said that it was going to rain. - The old man said to us that it was going to rain. 5直接引语的报告动词是say to sb 时,在变间接引语时,常改成tell sb. The policeman said to the woman, You should turn rig

14、ht at the first crossing. - The policeman told the woman that she should turn right at the first crossing. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载6假如报告动词在句末,在变为直接引语时,应当把它移到句首；Is it the right address. he wondered. - He wondered whether it was the right address. 7在疑问句变为直接引语时

15、,应当留意原先的直接引语中的问号要变成句号,疑问语序要变 成陈述语序,直接引语中的助动词 do 等要去掉,动词做相应的变化；The girl asked me, How did you finish the work so well. - The girl asked me that how I finished the work so well. 8假如直接引语是祈使句,我们常常不提出说话的对象；但是在变间接引语时,说话的对象 必需显现；The angry man said, Shut up. - The angry man ordered us to shut up. 9假如是以Lets

16、开头的祈使句来变间接引语,我们通常用 Suggest + 动名词 （或从句） 结构；The twins said happily, Lets go scuba diving this afternoon. - The twins suggested happily that they can go scuba diving that afternoon. 10 假如直接引语是两个或两个以上不同类型的句子,可分别将各部分转换为间接引语,并用and 连接；The manager said, You did a very nice job. What are you thinking about n

17、ow. - The manager said to the young man that he did a very nice job and asked him what he was thinking about at that time. 11 假如直接引语是反意疑问句或是挑选疑问句,变间接引语时与一般疑问句一样,在从句前加连词 if 或 whether ；He asked me, There is lots of rice in the bag, isnt there. - He asked me whether/ if there was lots of rice in the ba

18、g. 六、宾语从句中的否定前移名师归纳总结 当主句的主语为第一人称,而谓语动词又是think, believe, feel等时, 宾语从句的否定词往往前第 4 页,共 11 页移至主句,即否定的前移 ；该句型变为反意疑问句时特别应留意使附加问句与从句相对应；He isn t a thief. （I think ）I dont think he is a thief. 我认为他不是小偷；I don t think he is a thief, is he？我认为他不是小偷,（他）是吗？Jack doesnt study hard. （ I believe）I dont believe Jack

19、studies hard. 我信任杰克学习不努力；I don t believe Jack studies hard, does he. 我信任杰克学习不努力,是吗？- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载七、同步练习单项挑选1. Do you know_ daughter she is. A. whose B. whom C. what D. who 2. They wondered if the teacher_ them some English songs the next week. A. would teach B. had t

20、aught C. will teach D. taught 3. He asked_ picture was Johns. A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 4. He told me _ Paris is the capital of France. A. which B. the C. that D. what 5. He asked me_ during the summer holiday. A. where I had gone B. where I had been C. where had I gone D. where had I been 6.

21、 Can you tell us _ . A. if your father does B. what does your father do C. your father does what D. what your father does 7. He asked me if I knew_ . A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it 8. Do you know _ . A. what are you listening B. what you are listening C

22、. what you are listening to D. what are you listening to 9. -Do you know _ . -Yes. He is a teacher. A, whom he is B. whom is he C. what is he D. what he is 10. Im not sure whether _ tomorrow. A. they will arrive B. will they arrive C. they arrive D. they have arrived 用适当的连词填空名师归纳总结 1. Do you remembe

23、r_ China sent up her first man-made satellite. 第 5 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载2. I asked him _ he knew Mary. 3. I am sure _ you said is true. 4. We know_ there is no air on the moon. 5. He asked me_ she would come or not. 6. Can you tell me_ I can get there. 7. Do you kno

24、w _ it is a bird or not. 8. Do you know_ way we should take to get to the hospital. 9. She knew _ to do it. 10. I dont think _ he was wrong. 八、同步练习答案及讲解单项挑选1. A 谁的 应当用 whose. 2. A 从句的时态原本应当用一般将来时（由于时间状语是 next week ）,但是由于主句的时态是一般过去时,因此从句的时态应当改为过去将来时,即 would + 动词原形；3. D 哪幅画是约翰的 应当是 which picture. 4. C

25、 此题应当用 是否 whether ；5. B 第一,从句应当用陈述句语序,因此只能考虑 A 或 B；然后依据题目的意思,他问我去了哪里,证明我已经回来的,问的是曾经去了哪里,因此用 been to. 6. D 第一确定该题的引导词是 what,然后应当用陈述句语序,因此选 D. 7. B 第一通过从句应当是陈述句语序这一点来排除 因此从句也要用过去的时态,应选 B. A 和 D,然后由于主句的时态是过去时,名师归纳总结 8. C 只有 B 和 C 的从句语序是陈述句语序；listen 是一个不及物动词,因此不能丢掉介词to,第 6 页,共 11 页故答案为C. what 来引导；然后发觉D

26、是陈述句语序,9 D 从回答来看,询问的是职业,因此只能考虑由- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载因此选 C. 10. A 该题中的A, C, D 都是陈述句语序,都可以考虑；但是只有A 符合从句时态的要求,故选 A. 用适当的连词填空1. when 2. if/ whether 3. what 4. that 5. whether 6. how 7. whether 8. which 9. how 10. that 定语从句专题一、什么是定语从句？定语从句（ Attributive Clauses ）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,

27、被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词；定语从句通常显现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出；关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等；that, which, who等引导的关系副词有：when, where, why 等；中学阶段我们仅仅要求同学能够熟悉,并且正确翻译由关系代词定语从句；请观看下面的句子：This is the mountain village which I visited last year. 在这句话中,mountain village为先行词, which 为关系代词,关系代词其实就是先行词的化身,它在从句中充当主语或者宾语；所

28、以以上的句子可以被翻译成：这是我去年拜访过的山村；这句话的主干是“ This is the mountain village. 这是那个小山村；which 从句部分是“ which I visited last year,看上去这句话是缺少宾语的,实际上关系代词 就是宾语,它既是从句的引导词,又是宾语；请看下面的句子：He is the person who helped me with my homework last week. 翻译成：他是上周帮忙我做功课的那个人；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 主句部分是

29、 “ He is the person”精品资料欢迎下载从句部分是 “ who helped me with my homework last week”看上去,这个从句是缺少主语的,实际上,从句的主语就是 先行词,在从句中充当主语；二、关系代词：that, which, who. who ,他跟在先行词后面,代表1. 第一：在定语从句中全部的关系代词和关系副词都是先行词的化身,在翻译的时候,不 参照他们本身疑问副词,疑问代词的意思,如：I am looking for the photos which you took in Australia. 我正在找你在澳大利亚拍的照片；这里的 whi

30、ch 代表照片,并不翻译成“哪一个 ”,再如He is the photographer who won the photo competition last time. 他就是那个赢得上次摄影竞赛冠军的摄影师；这里的 who 代表 photographer ,也不翻译成“谁 ”2. 其次：（ 1）who 前面的先行词肯定是人物：I got some great shots of the boy who plays the guitar on the left. 我给左边弹吉他的男孩照了一些不错的相片；这里的先行词是the boy ,是人,所以关系代词用who ,当然用 that 也可以（ 2

31、）which 前面的先行词肯定是事物：It is a band which gets everyone dancing. 这是一支能让每个人都舞动起来的乐队；这句话的先行词是 a band,不是人,是乐队,所以用 which, 也可以用 that. （ 3）that 前面的先行词既可以是人,也可以是物 . 留意：这并不代表 that 是万能的关系代词,到高中的时候我们就会学到,在某些定语从句,特别是非限定性定语从句中,我们是不能使用3. 定语从句关系代词的省略：与很多其它从句一样,定语从句的引导词that 的,但是我们在中学阶段并不要求； 关系代词也是可以省略的,但是省略是需要条件的 ,就是当

32、关系代词在从句中充当宾语的时候,关系代词可以省略；重点有两个：第一就是 从句中 ,所以我们要分清什么是主句,什么是从句,如：Ill never forget the days which I spent in the countryside. 我永久都忘不了我在乡下的日子；在这句话里,I will never forget the days.是主句, which I spent in the countryside是从句,再看：Please show me the book which you bought yesterday. 请给我看一眼你昨天买的书；名师归纳总结 在这句话里面,Pleas

33、e show me the book 是主句, which you bought yesterday是从句；第 8 页,共 11 页其次个重点就是充当宾语：- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载He is the person who talked to me last time. 他是上次和我说话的那个人；在这句话中,关系代词 who 作为 the person 的化身,在从句中充当主语；He is the person who I met last time. 他是我上次遇见的那个人；在这句话中,关系代词 who 作为 the per

34、son 的化身在从句中充当宾语,这个 who 可以省略；判定关系代词充当主语仍是宾语可以看它后面是否紧跟谓语动词,假如紧跟谓语动词（如第一句）,就关系代词为主语,不能省略；如反之,其后没有紧跟谓语动词,而是名词（从句的主语）,就关系代词在从句中作宾语,可以省略关系代词；三、定语从句与宾语从句的区分：顾名思义, 定语从句是从句充当定语的复合句,宾语从句是从句充当宾语的复合句,二者迥然不同,但是在使用中,同学们总是简单混淆这两个句型；请从以下几点区分：（ 1）通过从句的位置：定语从句的位置在名词代词的后面（先行词一般是由名词或者代词充当的） ；宾语从句的位置一般在动词或者介词短语之后,之后；请判定

35、下面句子是定语从句仍是宾语从句：I don t know what you are talking about. He is angry with what you said. The tall boy who you met just now is my brother. 经过判定,前两句是宾语从句,第三句是定语从句；由于宾语一般都在动词或者介词短语（ 2）通过引导词：定语从句的关系代词只有 that, who, which, whom,whose 关系副词也只有when, where, why ,所以假如有的句子是 whether, if, how, what 等词引导的,确定不是定语从句

36、；（ 3）通过从句的成分：都是 that 引导的从句,宾语从句和定语从句也有的区分,我们可以通过 that 在从句中充当的句子成分判定,如：I know that you are right. 我知道你是对的；这是一个宾语从句,that 引导的宾语从句,that 只是连接词,不充当任何成分,所以 that 后面的句子 you are right 是一个主语谓语完全的句子；He is the person that I am looking for. 这是一个定语从句,that 在从句中充当 look for 的宾语,所以看上去 look for 是没有宾语的；四、练习题：1. This is

37、the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. / 3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. that B. whose C. which D. as 4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday. 名师归纳总结 - -

38、 - - - - -第 9 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. the one B. which 精品资料欢迎下载C. who D. whom 5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday. A. the oneB. that C. which D. / 6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. whichB. that C. / D. it 7. The girl handed everything _

39、 she had picked up in the street to the police. A. whichB. in whichC. that D. all 8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. ThatB. WhoC. The one who D. The students who 9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. A. which B. whom C. whoseD. this 10. This is the best book _ I have been

40、looking for all this year. A. who B. whom C. which D. / . （0. 2* Keys: 15 AC A B A 610 B C CAD 初三年级词汇（3）,过去分词 ,现在分词 ,第三人称单数以及中文形式（一）请写出下面各个动词的过去式12 = 24 ）Eg. expect expected expected expecting expects 期望fall _ _ _ _ _ feed _ _ _ _ _ feel _ _ _ _ _ fight _ _ _ _ _ find _ _ _ _ _ fly _ _ _ _ _ forget

41、_ _ _ _ _ freeze _ _ _ _ _ 名师归纳总结 give _ _ _ _ _ 第 10 页,共 11 页get_ _ _ _ _ go _ _ _ _ _ grow _ _ _ _ _ hang _ _ _ _ _ have _ _ _ _ _ hear_ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载hide _ _ _ _ _ hit _ _ _ _ _ hold _ _ _ _ _ hurt _ _ _ _ _ guess _ _ _ _ _ 二 写出下面单词的复数形式并且翻译中文 . 1. foot _ _ 3. gentleman _ _ 2. goose _ _ 4. grandchild _ _ 三 写出下面单词的比较级和最高级形式以及中文意思 . 1. far _ _ _ 2. good _ _ _ 3. hot _ _ _ 4. healthy _ _ _ 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 11 页