2022年中国石油大学远程教育混凝土在线考试答案 .pdf

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1、中国石油大学（北京）远程教育学院20XX 年秋季期 末 考 试混凝土学习中心：姓名：学：一、思考题（7 题，每题 8-10分，共 60 分）1.在外荷载作用下，受弯构件的截面产生弯矩和剪力。受弯构件的破坏有两种可能:一是可能沿正截面破坏，即沿弯矩最大截面的受拉区出现正裂缝图(a)；二是可能沿斜截面破坏，即沿剪力最大或弯矩和剪力都比较大的截面出现斜裂缝图(b)。全部外荷载已知，请你写出：（1）以下两种情况的钢筋截面配筋计算步骤；（6 分）答：正截面受弯配筋步骤：（1）选择材料（2）假定截面尺寸（3）内力计算（4）配筋计算（5）验算最小配筋率。斜截面受弯配筋步骤：（1）验算梁截面尺寸是否满足要求（

2、2）判别是否需要按计算配置腹筋（3）计算箍筋（4）计算弯起钢筋（5）验算配筋率和配箍率。（2）简要说明(a)、(b)二种情况下配筋计算的异同。（2 分）答：(a)、(b)二种情况下配筋计算的相同之处在于：都必须经过内力计算，计算出内力的大小才能进行配筋计算。其次，都需要对配筋率进行验算。(a)、(b)二种情况下配筋计算的不同之处在于：斜截面配筋需要考虑箍筋和弯起钢筋的影响。同时斜截面配筋必须验算配箍率。2对混凝土结构，配钢筋过多或过少都不利于结构的受力。请你写出：（1）钢筋配筋率过高时，梁在破坏时会出来什么不良后果？（3 分）答：当钢筋配筋率过高时，就会引起超筋破坏，超筋破坏容易造成构件破坏时

3、钢筋的强度不能够得到充分的发挥，从而造成钢筋的浪费，同时这种超筋破坏也属于脆性破坏。（2）钢筋配筋率过低时，梁在破坏时会出来什么不良后果？（3 分）答：配筋率过低会出现少筋破坏，破坏时混凝土的抗压强度没能够达到设计的强度值，造成混凝土无法充分的发挥作用。（3）结构设计计算中是如何来确保混凝土结构的钢筋配筋率处于合适的范围？（2 分）文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS

4、10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8

5、E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 H

6、Q2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1

7、R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 Z

8、L8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1

9、V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文

10、档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3答：通过验算最大配筋率和最小配筋率来确保钢筋配筋率处于合适的范围。3T 型截面梁设计（M 已知，截面尺寸已知），对梁进行截面设计和承载力校核时，请写出：（1）判别 T 型截面是属于第一类还是第二类的公式？（4 分）答：10()2fcffhMf b hh第一类 T 形截面梁1yscfff Af b h第一类 T 形截面梁10()2fcffhMf b hh第二类 T 形截面梁1yscfff Af b h第二类 T 形截面梁（2）以上判

11、别公式的依据是什么？（4 分）答：根据 T 形截面梁翼缘的计算宽度大小以及翼缘厚度的不同进行判断。4受弯构件中：（1）双筋截面主要应用于哪些情况？（3 分）答：双筋截面主要应用下列几种情况：首先，截面承受的弯矩设计值大于单筋截面所能承受的最大弯矩，而截面尺寸和材料品种等由于某些原因又不能改变；其次，结构或构件承受某种交变的作用（如地震），使截面上的弯矩改变方向；最后，结构或构件的截面由于某种原因，在截面的受压区预先已经布置了一定数量的受力钢筋。（2）双筋截面计算应力图形如何确定？（2 分）文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1

12、B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7

13、 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7

14、U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5

15、 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8

16、U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X

17、3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:

18、CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3答：（3）双筋截面基本计算公式与单筋截面有何不同？双筋截面中受压钢筋的作用？（3 分）答：双筋截面计算公式需要考虑压区混凝土的影响。同时双筋截面的计算公式的基本假定的条件也不同。双筋截面适应条件除了满足b之外还要满足2sxa。双筋截面中受压钢筋主要是抵抗受压承载力，约束产生

19、过大的变形。（4）双筋截面适应条件除了满足b之外为什么还要满足2sxa？（2 分）答：双筋截面适应条件除了满足b之外还要满足2sxa是因为：如果x 值太小，受压钢筋就太靠近中和轴，将得不到足够的变形，应力也就达不到抗压强度设计值，因而基本公式便不能成立。5控制梁斜截面受剪承载力的应该是那些剪力设计值较大而抗剪承载力又较小或截面抗力有改变处的斜截面。设计中一般取下列斜截面作为梁受剪承载力的计算截面:（a）支座边缘处的截面 图(a)截面 11；(b)受拉区弯起钢筋弯起点截面图(a)截面 2 2、33；(c)箍筋截面面积或间距改变处的截面图(b)44；(d)腹板宽度改变处截面图(c)5 5。请你写出

20、：（1）梁斜截面配筋计算步骤（设梁上各位置处的弯矩M 和剪力 Q 已知）。（5 分）（2）影响梁斜截面承载力的主要因素?（3 分）文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1

21、R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 Z

22、L8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1

23、V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文

24、档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS

25、10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8

26、E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X36混凝土本身的抗压性能很好，钢筋的受拉

27、性能优越。请思考：（1）为什么在轴心受压柱中，需要配置一定数量的钢筋?（4 分）答：在轴心受压柱中配置钢筋是为了承担压应力。（2）轴心受压构件中的纵向受力筋和箍筋对轴心受压构件起什么作用?（4 分）答：轴心受压构件中的纵向受力筋：首先，纵向钢筋可以与混凝土共同承受压力，提高构件与截面受压承载力；其次，纵向钢筋可以提高构件的变形能力，改善受压破坏的脆性；最后纵向钢筋承受可能产生的偏心弯矩、混凝土收缩及温度变化引起的拉应力。轴心受压构件中的箍筋：首先，防止纵向钢筋受力后压屈和固定纵向钢筋位置；其次，箍筋可以改善构件破坏的脆性。（3）影响的主要因素有哪些？（2 分）答：长细比、钢筋类型、混凝土强度。

28、7（1）什么叫预应力？什么叫预应力混凝土？为什么要对构件施加预应力？（4 分）答：预应力在混凝土结构承受荷载之前，预先对其施加压力，使其在外荷载作用时的受拉区混凝土内力产生压应力，用以抵消或减小外荷载产生的拉应力。预应力混凝土是在混凝土的受拉区内，用人工加力的方法，将钢筋进行张拉，利用钢筋的回缩力，使混凝土受拉区预先受压力。预应力主要是为了避免构件过早的出现裂缝。（2）与普通钢筋混凝土相比，预应力混凝土构件有何优缺点？（4 分）文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3

29、文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:C

30、S10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B

31、8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7

32、HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U

33、1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5

34、ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U

35、1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3答：预应力混凝土结构与钢筋混凝土结构相比，具有下列主要优点：提高了混凝土构件的抗裂性和刚度、可以节省材料，减少自重、可以减小混凝土受弯构件的剪力和主拉应力。预应力混凝土结构也存在着一些缺点：工艺较复杂，施工质量要求高、需要专门施工设备、预应力引起的反拱不易控制、养护难度大、施工费用高。文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1

36、R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 Z

37、L8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1

38、V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文

39、档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS

40、10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8

41、E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 H

42、Q2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3二、分析题（共20 分，题中数据与学号相关，学号不同而不同！）如图所示简支梁：梁高为300mm,梁宽为 150mm,配筋 2 根直径为16mm 的二级钢筋，设保护层厚度为25mm。梁跨度尺寸L 取：2000+学号后二位

43、数 10（如学号后二位为11 则L=2000+11 10=2110）。由下图可看出，在跨中施加的外荷载P 作用下，配筋梁达到破坏时，梁底侧受拉区出现多条纵裂缝。跨中受压区混凝土被压碎。请分析：（1）配筋梁破坏时，跨中外荷载P 的极限值？（给出详细分析步骤）答：根据配筋梁达到破坏时，梁底侧受拉区出现多条纵裂缝。跨中受压区混凝土被压碎，说明是受压破坏，按照下面的公式进行计算：0=200 25 8267shhamm-=-=由1 cysa f bxf A=得1cysa f bxf A=ys1c/a120600/14.3 15056.22xf Af bmm=?1c0M=a(h)120600(26728.

44、11)28.81.2xf bxkN m-=-=跨中外荷载P的产生的弯矩为：M=4PL200065 102650L得 P P=43.49kN（2）假如不配钢筋，相同截面的素混凝土梁破坏时，跨中外荷载P 的极限值？请比较混凝土梁配筋前后的承载力，并讨论承载力增加的原因。答：当不配置钢筋的时候，梁是脆性破坏，即混凝土受拉承载力起决定作用，因此P将减少。承载力增加的原因主要有：首先，底部钢筋承受抗拉力，避免钢筋过早的拉裂破坏。其次，顶部的混凝土抗压强度获得充分的利用。最后，配筋后的破坏是延性破坏。文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1

45、B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7

46、 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7

47、U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5

48、 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8

49、U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X

50、3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码:CS10T1B8E7J7 HQ2G7U1R9U5 ZL8V8U1V10X3文档编码: