Unit1-新视野大学英语第三版.doc

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1、|Unit 1 Fresh StartText A Toward a Bright Future for AllBefore readingBefore reading Text A, you may need to know the following things to help you with a better understanding.American higher educationIn the United States, students can choose to go to college after high school. (They can also choose

2、to go straight to the workforce after high school.) They have the option of attending a two-year community college before applying to a four-year university. Admission to community college is easier, tuition is lower, and class sizes are often smaller than at a university. Community college students

3、 can earn an associate degree and transfer up to two years of course credits to a university. College and university students need to pay tuition, but many earn scholarships or receive loans. Although admissions policies vary from one university to another, most determine admission based on several

4、criteria, including a students high school course of study, high school Grade Point Average (GPA), participation in extracurricular activities, SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) or ACT (American College Testing) exam scores, a written essay, and possibly a personal interview with a representative fro

5、m the admissions office. Most students in the United States take the SAT Reasoning Test or the ACT during their final year of high school. Each university sets a minimum SAT or ACT score that a student must achieve in order to gain admission. These are standardized quantitative examinations. The SAT

6、 tests critical reading, mathematics, and writing skills. The ACT tests English, mathematics, reading, science reasoning, and includes an optional writing test.Extracurricular activities may include scholastic clubs, athletic teams, student government, and philanthropic clubs. Voluntary participatio

7、n in these kinds of activities is an indication that a student has learned valuable life lessons, such as teamwork, leadership, or civic responsibility.University students pursuing a bachelors degree are called “undergraduates“; students pursuing a masters or doctoral degree are called “graduate stu

8、dents“. Most universities give undergraduate students a liberal education, which means students are required to take courses across several disciplines before they specialize in a major field of study. Graduate and professional programs, such as medicine or law, are specialized. All degree programs

9、require students to complete a minimum number of credit hours before graduating.Selection for admission to a graduate program is based on several criteria. These include completion of a bachelors degree, the students undergraduate coursework and GPA. Students are also expected to write an essay as p

10、art of their application or to submit a writing sample. Most masters programs require students to have a minimum score on the Graduate Record Examination |(GRE), which tests verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills.Students continue to take courses a

11、t the graduate level. A final thesis is required for most masters programs. Doctoral students take courses until they have earned enough credit hours to attempt their qualifying examinations. These are usually taken over several days and often include a written and oral component. After doctoral stu

12、dents pass their qualifying exams, they are advanced to candidacy and can begin writing their dissertation. Before the degree is given, the completed dissertation must be orally defended before the candidates faculty committee.Vera WangVera Wang (王薇薇, 1949- ) is a Chinese-American fashion designer.

13、She was born and raised in New York City. While trained as a figure skater in high school, she eventually earned a degree in art history from Sarah Lawrence College in 1971. But a career in fashion was her dream. She worked as a senior fashion editor for Vogue magazine for 15 years. In 1985, she lef

14、t Vogue and joined Ralph Lauren as a design director for two years. In 1990, she opened her own design salon in New York, and featured her trademark bridal gowns. Wang has made wedding gowns for many celebrities and public figures, such as Jennifer Lopez (珍妮弗洛佩兹), Sharon Stone (莎朗斯通) and Chelsea Cli

15、nton (切尔西克林顿).|Detailed study of the text Para.1. Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your edu

16、cational experience as rewarding as possible.下午好！ 作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。 你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。 在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。1. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. (Para. 1)Meaning: Your entering this university is an imp

17、ortant success. This success is due to many years of your hard work, and many years of your parents and teachers hard work.triumph n.an important victory or success after a difficult struggle（尤指苦战后获得的）胜利，成功，成就Winning the championship was a great personal triumph for this young tennis player. 赢得冠军对这个

18、年轻的网球运动员来说是很大的个人成就。这座桥是现代工程的一大成就。翻译 The bridge is a triumph of modern engineering.The most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.生活中最重要的事情不是胜利，而是奋斗；不是征服，而是努力拼搏。 Pierre de Coubertin（皮埃尔 德顾拜旦）v. If someone or s

19、omething triumphs, they gain complete success, control, or victory, often after a long or difficult struggle 成功; 获胜; 得胜All her life, Kelly had stuck with difficult tasks and challenges, and triumphed.凯莉一生经历了各种艰巨的任务与挑战，她都一一成功应对了正义终将得胜。翻译 Justice triumphs in the end.2. Here at the university, we pledg

20、e to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible. (Para. 1)Meaning: Here at the university, we promise to make your educational experience as worthwhile as possible.rewarding: a. giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit 值得的；有意义的；有回报的Our journey to the orphanage was a very rewarding

21、 experience. 我们的孤儿院之行非常有意义。pledge vt.make a formal, usu. public, promise that you will do sth. 发誓；作保证The new president pledged to cut taxes and increase employment. 新总统承诺要削减税收、增加就业。汤姆保证决不泄密。翻译 Tom pledged never to tell the secret.Philip pledges support and offers to help in any way that he can. 菲利普保

22、证给予支持，并主动|提出尽其所能提供帮助。n.C (fml.) a serious promise or agreement, esp. one made publicly or officially （尤指公开或正式作出的）誓言，誓约；保证All the candidates have given pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected. 所有的候选人都保证如果他们当选，他们不会提高税收。And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead.当我们行动时,我们必

23、须保证勇往直前.Q1. What are your expectations of college education?Q2. How will you make the most of this marvelous opportunity and exciting new experience?Q3. What will you do to ensure that the journey you begin at this university today leads you toward a bright and successful future?Para.2 In welcoming

24、you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. “Pose naturally,“ Mom instructed us. “Wait!“ said Dad, “Lets take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock.“ The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my offic

25、e desk.在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。 ” “等一等,”爸爸说， “把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。 ” 在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。 至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。3. In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. (Para. 2)Meaning: When I am welcoming

26、you to this university, something I remember is my own high school graduation and the photo my mom took of my dad and me.remind sb. of sb./sth.1 make sb. remember sb. that they know or sth. that happened in the past 使某人想起某人或某事Word formation note:形容词后缀-ing1. -ing 加在某些及物动词后，构成形容词，主要用于表示事物的性质或特征，或某物或某事

27、给人的感觉、情感、印象等。这类词包括: welcoming, charming, discouraging, disgusting, frightening, alarming, surprising 等。例如：a welcoming smile 热情的微笑a charming house on the outskirts of the town 在城镇郊外的一栋漂亮的房子an alarming increase in housing price 房价的惊人增长A surprising number of men stay bachelors. 有相当多的男子仍然是单身。2. -ing 加在不

28、及物动词之后，构成形容词，表示某事或某人仍然处于某种状态。例如：a recurring problem 反复出现的问题his aging mother 他那日渐苍老的母亲He wore his hair in the prevailing fashion. 他的头发理的是当时盛行的发型。|This story reminds me of my childhood. 这个故事让我想起了我的童年。The song always reminds me of our holiday in Mexico. 那首歌总让我想起我们在墨西哥的那次假期。2 be very similar to sb. or s

29、th. else 使某人想起（相似的）人或事Nancy was tall and slim, and reminded me of my cousin Sarah. 翻译：南希身材高挑，让我想起了我的表妹萨拉。Pattern:remind.of. 某物或某人使.想起. (of 后加名词或动名词 )remind sb about sth 提醒某人做某事Dont forget to remind her about the dinner party.记住提醒她不要忘了宴会。posevi.sit or stand somewhere so that sb. can take a photograph

30、 of you or paint a picture of you（为照相或画像而）摆姿势Please sit still while you pose for your photo.你摆好姿势拍照时请坐着别动。The leaders posed briefly for photographs before entering the conference room. 领导们进入会议室之前匆匆地摆个姿势拍照。vt.create a difficult or dangerous situation 造成，导致（困难或危险）This could pose a threat to jobs in th

31、e coal industry. 这可能会给煤炭产业的就业造成威胁。我们很高兴的得知化工厂的事故没有对环境构成威胁。翻译：We are very glad to hear that the incident in the chemical plant poses no threat to the environment. His ill health poses serious problems for the future. 他身体不好，对将来造成严重的隐患。Bandits sometimes pose difficulties for the police. 匪徒有时给警察带来许多麻烦 .

32、vt. put forward for discussion 提出When I finally posed the question, Why? he merely shrugged. 当我最后问“为什么” 时，他只是耸了耸肩。The continuing increase in population numbers poses some awkward questions for the government. 人口数字的不断增长给政府提出了一些棘手的问题。Para.3. Let me share with you something that you may not expect. You

33、 will miss your old routines and your parents reminders to work hard and attain your best. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! But know this: The future is built on a str

34、ong foundation of the past.让我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。 你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母|曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。 你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！ 但是要记住：未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。4. You will miss your old routines and your parents reminders to work hard and attain your best. (Para. 3)Meaning: You will miss your usual life

35、 patterns and your parents reminding words that you should work hard and achieve the best you can.routinen.C, U your usual way of doing things, esp. when you do them in a fixed order at the same time 例行公事；常规；惯例Arriving at the office at 8 a.m. and staying there until 5 p.m. has become my routine. 早上

36、8 点到办公室，一直呆到下午 5 点，这已经成了我的惯例。They did it as a matter of routine.他们那样做只是例行公事。You just need to break out of that boring routine.你只需改变一成不变的无聊生活。a.happening as a normal part of a job or process 常规的；例行的；惯常的The operator has to be able to carry out routine maintenance of the machine.操作员必须能对机器进行日常维护。这个问题是在一

37、次例行检查中发现的。翻译 The problem was discovered during a routine check. reminder n. Csth. that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth. 起提醒作用的东西The cold served as a reminder that winter wasnt quite finished.寒冷的天气提醒人们冬天还没有过去。attainvt.(fml.) succeed in achieving sth. after trying for a long time 得到；获得；

38、赢得Not all athletes attain this standard of physical fitness. 并非所有的运动员都能达到这种身体素水平。India attained independence in 1947.Theyre sure to attain emancipation in the end.他们最后一定能获得解放。The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.翻译：人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。我们应该能够实现这

39、个目标。翻译：We should be able to attain that goal.CF: attain, achieve (大学院系的)教职工the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences 社会政治系3 C, usu. pl. a natural physical or mental ability that most people have 天赋；能力；本领She had her mental faculties even in her 90s. 她九十多岁了，但仍然思维清晰。她有轻而易举学会语言的才能。翻译 She has the facu

40、lty to learn languages easily.|comprehensivea.including many details or aspects of sth. 综合的；多方面的This booklet offers a comprehensive guide to our goods and services. 这本小册子对我们的产品和服务提供了综合指南。facilityn.(ies) pl. rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose（为某种目的而提供的）设施，设备The h

41、otel has an indoor swimming pool and other leisure facilities. 这家宾馆有室内游泳池和其他休闲设施。There are few recreational facilities in our school.This facility is open to both new and existing borrowers. 这套设备向新老借用者开放。2)UC ability to learn or do things easily能力,技能,技巧他很有学习语言的才能。翻译He has great facility in learning

42、languages.He showed great facility in performing task.他工作很熟练。 vt. facilitate 促进；帮助；使 . 容易communityn. C1 the people who live in the same area, town, etc.（同住一地的人所构成的）社区The Chinese community is knit together by common interests. 共同的利益使华人社区团结起来。Everyone should invest some time in community service.The n

43、ew arts center will serve the whole community. 这个新的艺术中心将为整个社区服务。2 a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc. 群体；团体He refuses to join any community. 他不参加任何团体。The police havent really done anything for the black community in particular. 警方并未真正特意为黑人群体做什么。The conference will make further efforts to gain the support of different ethnic communities. 会议将进一步努力，以取得不同少数民族团体的支持。