as 和 which 引导定语从句的区别.doc

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1、 as和which引导定语从句的区别 河北 兴隆县第二中学 付文铭 067300我们先看两道高考题： 1 _ is known to all，China will be an _ powerful country in 20or 30yearstimeAThat；advancing BThis；advanced CAs；advanced DIt；advancing2He made another wonderful discovery， _ of great importance to scienceAwhich I think is Bwhich I think it is Cwhich I

2、 think it DI think is分析：第一题考察了 as在从句中作主语的定语从句，意为“正如，而ad- vancedcountry表示兴旺国家；第二题考察了which引导的非限制性定语从句，I think是插入语。这两个句子分别含有as和 which引导的定语从句，现就其用法作一说明： 一、as引导的定语从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、依据、解释或评论。具有以下特点： 1as用于引导定语从句时，具有“正如、像、由而知等语义。如： He was strongly against the plan，as could be expected正如所料，他强烈反对这项方案。 As he ho

3、ped he would，he saw the girl像他希望的那样，他见到了那个女孩。 2as引导的定语从句在语义上要和主句保持一致，而which可不一定，如果语义不一致，那么要用which来替代as。如： He married again，aswhichwas natural他又结婚了，这是自然的。 3as引导的定语从句，其先行词可由以下词来修饰，the same such as等。也可以由which来改写，但不可直接替换。如： This is the same sum as was spent in that year on private motoringThis isthe sum

4、 which was spent in that year on private motoring这与那年用于私人汽车所花的费用一样。 4as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句之后，也可放在主句之前。但which只能放在主句之后。如： As we have seen，oceans cover more than 70of the earth如我们所见，海洋覆盖地球70多的面积。 He seemed a foreigner，which in fact he was他看上去像个外国人，事实上他就是。 5as在定语从句中作宾语时，从句的谓语动词常是see watch know hear等表示感知的动词

5、，且谓语动词前带有情态动词can could may等，此外常用的动词还有say tell remember等。如： It was true，as everybody could know这是真的，大家都知道。 6as在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词可以是及物动词的被动语态，也可以是be或其它连系动词。如是不及物动词，那么不存在以上关系。可以说as often hap- pensappears等。如： He came back yesterday，as was ex- pected他如期昨日返回。 二、which引导的此类从句，是对主句所表达的事情进展补充说明，说明事物的状态或结果。一般有以下

6、特点： 1如果定语从句的谓语是行为动词的主动语态，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般要用which，这时which可以用 and that改写为并列句。如： Things then greatly changed，which surprised usThings then greatly changed，and that surprised us那时事情巨变，使我们惊讶。 2由“介词关系代词引导的关系分句多用于正式文体中，常用“介词 which，不用“介词as。如： They tried to think of a plan by which they could finish their ta

7、sk ahead of time他们试图想个方案，以便提前完成任务。 三、在与上述几条不冲突的情况下，as和which可以换用。如： A horse is a useful animal，as which everybody knows众所周知，马是有用的动物。 练习： 1Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，_ ，of course，made the others unhappyNMET 2000 Awho Bwhich Cthis Dthat2The weather turned out to be very

8、good， _ was more than we could expect Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dit3In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30PM_ many people have gothome上海 95 Awhose time Bthat Con which Dby which4_ ，the Great Wall came into being in Qin Dynasty AIts clear BWe all know CAs we all know DWhich we all know5As many members were present _ agreed to the plan Awho Bthat Cwhich Das6_ is known to everybody，the moon trav- els round the earth once every monthNMET 2001 AIt BAs CThat DWhat参考答案：1B 2B 3D 4C 5D 6B