双宾语和宾语补足语.doc

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1、双宾语与宾语补足语的区别英语中，有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语与指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为双宾语。句子构造为：主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑.“主+谓的关系.也就是说,假设用宾语作主语,与后面的内容重新组成一个句子,其意义与原句的意义相符合,这时这局部就是宾语补足语.如果与原句意义不相符合,就是“双宾语.如：1.We call her这时主谓宾都有了,但句意不清楚,加上Sister Li后就完整了.如果我们用宾语做主语,就可写成She is Sister Li.此时,意义与原句相符合,所

2、以Sister Li就是宾语补足语.2.I shall give youa You are dog,所以这时a dog是直接宾语.you是间接宾语.双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语与间接宾语.直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示的行为的人.例如:They gave him a watch.这里的him 是间接宾语,a watch 是直接宾语,这种间接宾语与直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语.在英语中,有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整,还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作,这种“宾语宾语补足语构造称为复合宾语.We call him

3、 Jack .我们叫他杰克.这里him 是宾语,Jack 是宾语补足语 They appointed him chairman.他们任命他为主席.这里的him是宾语,chairman 是宾语补足语.如何区分双宾语与复合宾语某些及物动词后面能跟双宾语即：间接宾语直接宾语或复合宾语即：宾语宾语补足语,这两种宾语的形式虽然相似,但构造与意义却不同.那么如何区分双宾语与复合宾语呢1从动词上区分.一些动词后面常跟双宾语,这类动词有give, show, bring, read, pass, lend, tell, leave, teach, write, buy, sing等.例如：The teache

4、r gives each of them an eraser教师给他们每人一块橡皮. They teach us Chinese and we teach them English他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语. The old man told us a story yesterday那位老人昨天给我们讲了一个故事.一些动词后面常跟复合宾语,这类动词有let, see, watch, hear, help, feel, keep, call, make, find, tell, ask, think, want等.例如：We must keep the classroom clean我们必须

5、保持教室清洁.He didnt let me go他不让我走.They call the bird“Polly他们叫这鸟“波利.2从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分.在双宾语中,能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词.而在复合宾语中,能充当宾语补足语成分的那么较多,如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式短语与分词短语.例如：She showed us pron a new TV setn双宾语 He gave Tomn a piece of papern双宾语 We call him Lao Lin复合宾语 Dont keep the light onadv复合宾语 They mus

6、t keep their hands behind their backs介词短语复合宾语 I wont let you try again不定式短语复合宾语 The other students in the class keep their eyes closed过去分词复合宾语 3从构成宾语的间接宾语与直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系上区分.“为谁for sb或给谁to sb,即“及物动词间接宾语直接宾语的构造可以改写为“及物动词直接宾语for sb或to sb的构造.例如：Please show me your new bookPlease show your n

7、ew book to me请给我看看你的新书.She bought me some tomatoesShe bought some to matoes for me她给我买了一些西红柿.宾语与宾语补足语之间关系比拟严密,去掉其中一个成分,句子就不能成立或句意不完整.而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间具有“主系表关系；当不定式短语或分词短语作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间具有“主谓关系.例如：We made Tom monitorTom is monitor We will make our country more beautifulOur country will be

8、more beautiful You should keep your dog inYour dog should be in I found him in Room 201He was in Room 201 He makes us work ten hours a dayWe work ten hours a day we heard her singing in the roomShe was singing in the room 带双宾语动词记忆口诀 带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to或“for。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横

9、生,效果很好。 “七给一“带to不少,“买画“制作for来了。 说明: 1、“七给(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)与“带(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb. 如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有：get, mail, offer, owe(借，pay, promise, read, sell, take, teach,等 2、“buy(买);“draw(画);“make(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,那么必须在后边加“for,构

10、成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.。如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order(订购,reach等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for与to于直接宾语之后 Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 Give it to me。把它给我 4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask, teach, tell, owe, pay. I asked John. 我问约翰 I asked a

11、question. 我问了一个问题 5、suggest, explain, introduce, mention, deliver, announce等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进展直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。 Could you explain your point of view to us =Could you explain to us your point of view 6、易错的动词 抢劫/偷某人某物：rob/steal sb. sth (错误 正确的说法： rob sb of sth steal sb from sth.类似的还有： cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病rid sb of sth 从-中除去不好的东西supply sb with sth 供应某人某物provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况charge sb with sth 指责某人某事第 6 页