语音学教案.ppt

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1、语音学教案语音学教案Chapter I.Introduction1.Articulatory Phonetics:Traditional Phoneticsn口耳之学：辨音、听音、析音、记音n工具：电子腭位仪、x光摄影、x光摄像、电子声门仪n见图：声门高速成像（北大：孔江平教授）n应用于语言教学、医学等2.Acoustic Phonetics:Experimental Phonetics（实验音系学）n工具：二战时sound spectrograph(语图仪)刺探军情破译密码；现在用Praat、桌上语音等软件。n应用于Speech synthesisnVoice-print（声纹）:用于司法、

2、保密等。3.Auditory Phonetics：研究人们对言语波的感知。n应用于语言听力教学、治疗失语症、语音合成、言语识别 音系学n相当于“语音语法“+voiced -voiced /X_Y _sonorant国内研究中心n中国社科院语言研究所、北京大学、北京语言大学、南开大学、香港科技大学nSome of the Researchers Chapter II.Vowels1.Definition2.Cardinal Vowels(Daniel Jones)nThe idea of vowel limits and vowel spaceThe Primary Cardinal Vowel

3、s舌位高低、前后、唇形English VowelsPure vowelsnFront:/i:/,/I/,/e/,/nCentral:/V/,/:/,/nBack:/A:/,/Q/,/O:/,/U/,/u:/Diphthongsn/eI/,/aI/,/aU/,/U/,/OI/,/I/,/E/,/U/Front vowel/I/and/i:/n1)/I/戴着眼镜找眼镜nleave/live,beat/bit,wheel/will,seat/sit，eat/itnLive,and let live.na little bit;Sit down.(to a dog);Bill Clinton;Make

4、 big moneynIts menMilk?The difference between/and/e/nTongue positionnLip shapee.g.bit/bet;lid/led Front vowel/e/and/nnext,ten,left,any,n发/时，下颌张开，嘴角肌肉紧张,舌尖抵下齿。nMap,fans,tank,bad,man,back,hand,banana,applenMerry/marry,said/sad,lend/landnWill you marry me?nEnglish fans.nThats too bad.nYoure not a man.n

5、Im back!nGive me a hand.nHey,monkey,do you want some bananas?Back voweln鹅，鹅，鹅,我饿呀！给点吃的吧!n舌尖下缩,发音时感觉舌根部在振动,口腔中空 Back vowel/U/n六小灵童n陕西农民卖花the museum of Underground WarriorsnCome,come;nLook,look;nGood,good;nCheap,cheap;nbook,cook,BushnIm full./l/Back vowel/u:/nfood nyou,/j/nfool nMe too!Me 吐！Back vowel

6、/:/nfar,car,nIts too hard.nYou broke my heart.ncalm down Back vowel/n美音开口大，近似于/na lot of nhot pot,hot dog Back vowel/:/n当没有字母r时，美音/:/就近似于/:/nHold your horse!nfour,law,saw,lawn Central vowel/nChina,Diana,idea,Asia,India,Silvia Central vowel/V/nHurry up!nShut up!nGood luck!nLove me,love my dog.Diphtho

7、ngsn发音要饱满,从第一个主音滑到第二个音,第二个音较短,且模糊.n可把音拖长进行练习./e/nLay 累n关键在nToday?nGreat!nAre you crazy?/a/n关键在开口度和共鸣音nGood-bye!拜拜！nIm fine!nI dont bite.nYou liar!/a/n鬼哭狼嚎音,噢(惨叫),关键在nouch!Wow!nBut how?nGet Out!nNow!nPut it down!(gun)/nEnjoy some fresh air.nWhat a beautiful voice!nOil,soil,toilet,employernSpare the r

8、od,spoil the child./:/nDear Mum,nDo you hear me?ncareer,nCheer up!nperiod,serious,theory,VictorianGood idea!/nTake care!nAre you scared?/nSure!/s:r/nPoor man!nTour guidenValuable nSame as usual!nYou speak very fluent English.Chapter Three ConsonantsnDefinitionnThe Classification of Consonants(Iowa)B

9、ilabial双唇音4个：/p/,/b/,/m/,/w/Labio-dental唇齿音2个：/f/,/v/,Lingua-dental齿音2个：/,/Lingua-alveolar齿龈音7个：/t/,/d/,/s/,/z/,/n/,/l/,/tr/,/dr/,/t/,/d/Consonants 26个:Palatal 硬腭音4个:/,/,/r/,/j/Velar软腭音3个：/k/,/g/,/Glottal 声门音1个：/h/Bilabial双唇音4个：/p/,/b/,/m/,/w/n/p/,/b/爆破音,凡是没有和元音相拼,就失去爆破,发音很轻,/b/的声带也不振动.ntop students

10、,tripped,hopeless,jobless,obtain,objectnsilent p or b:cupboard,receipt,psychology,comb,climb,thumb,debt,doubtnplay,blow,place,apply for a job nafter s:sparkle,spain,steak,stomach,disturb,/m/n口鼻腔要有共鸣nMum,mama,romenNo smoking!nSmiling girlnIll come over soon.nSometimesnTime flies!nAim,empty,symbol,war

11、m-hearted,nGame is over./w/nWhat?nGet away from me!nWomannVery well!Quite well!nI swear!nTwice,twin,twelve唇齿音/f/,/v/n摩擦音nfit,feet,vivid,V,very good,view,obvious,individual instruction,few,fifty 齿音/,/n摩擦音,舌尖置于齿间或上齿后，舌身外展，使舌边抵上齿，阻塞气流。n/W/与元音相拼时，音质像拼音的da（大）n不看单词，听音模仿nthought,think,thin，thousand,theif,t

12、hick,three,throat,threw,things,nThanks a million！nmouth(speaking whiling pointing to it)nboth,health,month,method，author,worth,death,path,faith,/浊音 nthey,these,then,there,other,breathe,though,this,that,those,nthe aim,them,smooth,with,bathe,northen,either,breathing,brother,rhythmnelision of/W/,/T/nmo

13、nths,twelfths,fiths,clothes,cloths 齿龈音/t/,/d/n爆破音,注意失爆.nTake care!nTime flies!nGood job!Good news,admit,ned:worked,laughed nth:Thomas,Anthony,Thames,/e/nSilent t:Christmas,listen,oftennAfter S:stomach/s/,/z/nzoo,zero,pens,dogs,eyes,hours,legs,hands,examples/n/n错误:舌尖碰到门牙nNow!nNo news is good news.nDi

14、nnernWhen?downtown,hens.nSee you soon!nRain,train,nlearn it,齿龈音/l/n舌边音，可捏着鼻子，一松一放，无共鸣发音ne.g.辣妹子辣，辣，辣，辣，辣好辣！/l/nlow/no,night/light,lot/not,let/netnsilent l:talk,walk,should,would,could,half,calm,folkndark/l/近似于/J/,但/J/的舌尖不用抵上齿龈,此外,/l/不用撅嘴唇.nchildren,culture,cool,full,film,milk,health,little,beautiful

15、 /tr/,/dr/后齿龈音 n破擦音,舌尖顶顶后齿龈(齿龈脊的后部),阻塞气流,发出摩擦声.n错误:舌面贴贴后齿龈（下颌张开发音,时舌尖上翘后齿龈有助于克服该问题），爆破与摩擦的感觉不强,用拼音chw,zhw代替.ntry(揣),true(处),tree,train,truthndry,drinknIf you can dream it,you can make it.nWhy are you dressed up today?/t/,/d/腭齿龈音n破擦音,舌尖的位置比/tr/,/dr/更靠后,用舌尖和舌叶顶,而非用整个舌面贴腭齿龈,爆破与摩擦的感觉要强n错误:四川人用拼音的q和j代替,北

16、方人用拼音ch和zh代替.n用nature过渡发音nChina,nIf you give me a chance,Ill reward you a surprise.nchild,chocolate,choose,n“绝的”Jack,judge/,/腭齿龈音n摩擦音,舌中线留出一条小槽.nfasion,English,patient,nDont push me!/n摩擦的感觉强烈,声带振动,与/j/的区别:/j/无摩擦声.ntreasure,measure,visual,leisurewear,decision,garage,confusionnMy pleasure!/r/n分clear/r

17、/和dark/r/n后齿龈音或硬腭音,流音（因为dark/r/具有元音的特质，可依拖长）n发音时舍身抬起并后缩，舌两侧贴上腭（J.D.OConnor），或Sides of tongue to back teeth.Tip points up.舌尖不可碰到齿龈。/r/nbird,word,world,pearl harbour,sure,learningnrent,very,nDont cry!/j/硬腭音 n滑音，无摩擦。nYou,year,yes,beyond,opinion,humor,huge,super,nt,d,n 后面省/j/new student/k/,/g/软腭音 n爆破音，注

18、意失爆。nCarl,Book,ask for help,character,nSilent k:know,muscle,knee,nAfter S:thick-skinned,school ngod,big money,green,great,clean,glass/软腭音/g/nwrong,long long ago,tongue/ton,song/son,sing/sin,thing/thin,think,English,singer,finger/h/声门音n摩擦音，气流受阻程度比拼音的h(软腭音)小。nHey guys,come here!nWhose money is this?He

19、rs？nHis.nWho?nHim.nI had!(曾经拥有一段真挚的感情吗？)nHome,Hand,Heart-brokennSilent h:hour,honest,honour,exhibit,vehicle,heir继承人n1)/nchildren,culture,cool,full,film,milk,health,little,beautiful Difficult consonants of Englishn2)/T/nthought,think,thin,thousand,theif,thick,three,throat,threw,thingsnmouth(speaking

20、whiling pointing to it)nboth,health,month,method，author,worth,death,path,faith Difficult consonants of Englishn3)/N/n四川方言：“注意点哈，看nga(碾）倒人！”袄子，被咬了一口nwrong,long long ago,tongue/ton,song/son,sing/sin,thing/thin,think,English,singer,finger Difficult consonants of Englishn4)/Z/ntreasure,measure,visual,vi

21、sion,leisure wear,decision,garage,confusionnMy pleasure!ConsonantsChapter Four Syllable and Stress syllable rhymeOnset peak codaThe structure of a syllableEnglish syllable structurenE.g.K r m p t onset peak codaWeak syllables1.“Schwa”/e.g.barracks /brks/monarchy /mnk/accurate /kjrt/settlement /setlm

22、nt/violet /valt/halibut /hlbt/thorough /r/borough/br/Weak syllables2./,/e.g.busy/bz/you/ju/3.Syllabic consonants:/l/,/n/,/m/,/,/r/(U.S.)E.g.parcel /p:sl/pedal /pedl/(not l)student/stju:dnts/StressnProminence:1)Pitch(movement of pitch,e.g.rising or falling)2)Length3)Loudness4)Quality:weak syllables as“background”5)e.g.open/pn/6)Effect:1）2)3)or 4)声门高速成像 Back发声态电子腭位仪 BackJ.C.WellsUCL 石锋石锋南开大学南开大学马秋武马秋武南开大学南开大学王桂珍王桂珍 广外广外张凤桐张凤桐 川大川大高红高红蒋红柳蒋红柳川大川大BackX-ray image of tongue positions of cardinal vowelsBackBack