固液萃取.pdf

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1、1/34下载文档可编辑第十章 固液浸取第一节萃取原理教学目标：理解萃取过程和萃取原理。理解萃取分配定律的含义，掌握分配常数的计算公式。掌握单级萃取、多级逆流萃取、多级错流萃取的物料流动过程。教学重点：萃取过程和萃取原理。理解萃取分配定律的含义，掌握分配常数的计算公式。单级萃取、多级逆流萃取的物料流动过程。教学难点：萃取分配定律的含义，分配常数计算公式的具体应用。教学内容：一、萃取基本原理1.萃取过程如图 101 所示，假设一种溶液的溶剂A与另一个溶剂 B互不相容，且溶质 C在 B中的溶解度大于在A中的溶解度，当将溶剂 B加入-第 1 页，共 34 页精品p d f 资料 可编辑资料-2/34下

2、载文档可编辑到溶液中经振摇静置后，则会发生分层现象，且大部分溶质 C转移到了溶剂 B中。这种溶质从一种体系转移到另一个体系的过程称为萃取过程。在萃取过程中起转移溶质作用的溶剂称为萃取剂，由萃取剂和溶质组成的溶液叫萃取液，原来的溶液在萃取后则称为萃余液。如果萃取前的体系是液态则称为液液萃取，如果是固态则称为固液萃取，又称固液浸取，如用石油醚萃取青蒿中的青蒿素就是典型的固液浸取实例。2.萃取原理物质的溶解能力是由构成物质分子的极性和溶剂分子的极性决定的，遵守“相似相溶”原则的，即分子极性大的物质溶于极性溶剂，分子极性小的物质溶解于弱极性或非极性溶剂中。例如，还原糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素B族等物质

3、，其分子极性大，可溶于极性溶剂水中，而不溶解于非极性溶剂石油醚中。又如大多数萜类化合物的分子极性小，易溶于石油醚和氯仿等极性小的溶剂中，但不溶于水等极性强的溶剂。因此，同一种化合物在不同的溶剂中有不同的溶解能力。当一种溶质处于极性大小不相当的溶剂中时，其溶解能力小，有转移到相当极性的溶剂中去的趋势，假设这种极性相当的溶剂与原来的溶剂互不相溶，则绝大部分溶质就会从原来的相态扩散到新的溶剂中，形成新的溶液体系，即形成萃取液。在萃取过程时，溶质转移到萃取剂中的程度遵守分配定律。指出，在其他条件不变的情况下，萃取过程达到平衡后，萃取液中溶质浓度-第 2 页，共 34 页精品p d f 资料 可编辑资料

4、-文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J

5、4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6

6、B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I

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10、4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N43/34下载文档可编辑与萃余液中溶质浓度的比值是常数，这个规律叫分配定律，常数0k叫分配系数。如图 102 所示，在进行第一次萃取时，设原料液中溶质的摩尔浓度为 C,萃取相中溶质的摩尔浓度为X，萃余相中溶质的摩尔浓度为 Y，则：假设进行多次萃取才能将目的产物提取

11、完，则进行第 n 次萃取时，原料液中的溶质浓度为nc，萃取相中溶质的浓度为Xn，萃余相中的浓度为Yn，根据分配定律应有：10-2nXnkYn（）所以012=10-3nXXnkkkkYYnL L（）由此看到0Yn故随着萃取次数的增加，残留在原料体系中的溶质越来越少，但无论进行多少次萃取，都不可能完全将溶质从原料体系中萃取出来。因此在实际生产过程中，往往要综合考虑萃取操作生产成本，只进行有限次的萃取操作。如在中药提取生产时，一般对中药材进行三次萃取后，有效成分基本上被最大程度的萃取，同时经济上也达到最好的效益。010-1XkY萃取相（）萃余相-第 3 页，共 34 页精品p d f 资料 可编辑资

12、料-文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3

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17、8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2

18、W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N44/34下载文档可编辑二、常见萃取流程在工业生产中，萃取操作有单级萃取、多级错流萃取、多级逆流萃取等流程。1.单级萃取将萃取剂加入原料液中只萃取一次的操作方式叫单级萃取。如图103 所示。具体操作过程是：将原料液和萃取剂都加入到混合器中，用搅拌器搅拌，促使溶质

19、从原料液中转移到萃取剂中，经过一段时间后，静置分层，用分离器把萃取相和萃余相分离后即完成一个萃取操作周期。工业上常用液液单级萃取设备是高速管式离心机和碟片式离心机，进行固液萃取的设备是各种形式的提取罐。2.多级错流萃取原料经过多个串联的萃取器，并在每个萃取器中进行萃取操作，这种萃取方式叫多级萃取。按原料的流向与萃取剂的流向关系可分为多级错流萃取、多级逆流萃取、多级平流萃取。图104 是多级错流萃取示意图。多级错流萃取操作中，原料液从第 1 级经过第 2 级流向第 3 级，最后得到萃余相，萃取剂则由总管道分别注入三个萃取器，原料在每级萃取器经萃取操作后，所得萃取相都回收到同一个储罐中贮存。在多级

20、错流萃取中由于溶剂分别加入各级萃取器，故萃取推动力-第 4 页，共 34 页精品p d f 资料 可编辑资料-文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N

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24、8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D

25、3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8

26、B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N45/34下载文档可编辑较大，萃取效果好，所以在中药提取分离中被广泛采用。其缺点是要加入大量的萃取溶剂，产品浓度稀，蒸发浓缩回收溶剂时需要消耗较多的能量。3

27、.多级逆流萃取如果原料的流向从第1 级经过若干级后到末级的萃余液，而萃取溶剂从末级逆向流动，经过若干级后到达第1 级而得到萃取液，这种萃取操作方式成为多级逆流萃取。一般萃取级数是三级。如青霉素生产中，用乙酸戊酯从澄清的发酵液中分离青霉素时，就采用了三级逆流萃取系统，如图105 所示。进行多级逆流萃取的设备主要有：由单级混合澄清器串联组成的多级逆流萃取系统多级筛板塔。在生物制药生产过程中，萃取是一个非常重要的单元操作，-第 5 页，共 34 页精品p d f 资料 可编辑资料-文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 H

28、R5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC

29、1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码

30、:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2

31、 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1

32、ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档

33、编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8

34、C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N46/34下载文档可编辑通过萃取可以把目的产物从复杂的体系中提取出来，以便于进行更进一步的纯化分离。第二节植物浸取原理教学目标：了解植物中目的产物的理化性质。掌握植物浸取常用溶剂的理化性质。理解植物浸取过程基本原理。掌握植物浸取工艺条件参数的选择依据和方法。教学重点：植物浸取常用溶剂的理花性质，植物浸取工艺条件参数的选择依据和方法。教学难点：植物浸取工艺条件参数的选择依据和方法。教学

35、内容：一、植物中天然产物的理化性质1.非目的产物在植物中存在着多种天然大分子物质类，如淀粉、纤维素、木质素、果胶、树脂、鞣质、多肽、蛋白质、酶、核酸等，因为这些分子含有大量的羟基、氨基、羧基等极性基团，因此其分子极性强，在水-第 6 页，共 34 页精品p d f 资料 可编辑资料-文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2

36、W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI

37、10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR

38、5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1

39、N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:

40、CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2

41、HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 Z

42、C1N2W4I8N47/34下载文档可编辑中溶解度大，用水等极性溶剂提取时容易被浸提出来。但是，非目的产物受热会糊化，影响后续分离纯化操作，因此在提取时要尽量避免将其浸出。2.目的产物的理化性质植物中的目的产物有生物碱、苷类、醌、黄酮、香豆素、木脂素、萜类、甾体及其苷类、挥发油、色素物质等，这些物质一般都具有生理活性，因而是中药有效成分。这些物质的分子极性分布范围宽，且从强极性到非极性都有相应的物质存在，因而植物中的有效成分溶解性比较复杂。现分别介绍如下：生物碱是一类含氮的天然有机化合物，具广泛的生理活性。生物碱分子中的氮原子与氨分子中的氮原子一样，有一对孤电子，对质子有一定程度的亲和力，当与

43、酸反应中和后，氮原子可由三价转为五价而成盐，因而具有碱性。在植物中，大多数生物碱与有机酸结合成盐而存在，少数与无机酸结合成盐而存在，有些生物碱碱性弱，以游离状态存在，还有部分与糖结合成苷类的形式存在。大多数生物碱不溶或难溶于水，可溶于乙醇、乙醚、丙酮等有机溶剂；生物碱盐类则可溶于水，因此，加入一定的有机酸或无机酸作浸出辅助剂，使生物碱转成盐后，可用水作溶剂提取。苷类又称配糖体，是糖或糖的衍生物如氨基糖、糖醛酸等，与另一类非糖物质通过糖的端基碳原子连接而成的化合物。其中非糖部分称为苷元或配基，其连接键称为苷键。按化学结构可分为香豆素苷、木脂素苷、蒽醌苷、黄酮苷、吲哚苷等多种，其亲水性随苷元化学结

44、-第 7 页，共 34 页精品p d f 资料 可编辑资料-文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B

45、6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4

46、I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10

47、D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I

48、8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2

49、W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI

50、10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N4文档编码:CI10D3J4X8C2 HR5I8B6B2R1 ZC1N2W4I8N48/34下载文档可编辑构、所连接糖的种类和数目有较显著的区别，但大多数苷类亲水性强，可用水提取，也可用不同浓度的乙醇提取。醌类是具有，-不饱和酮结构一类化合物，从结构上可分为苯醌、萘醌、菲醌、蒽醌等四类。