大学生休闲态度、休闲参与和休闲阻碍调查分析研究.pdf

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1、1/46 作品名称：大学生休闲态度、休闲参与和休闲阻碍调查研究以山东工商学院为例作者姓名：张凤肖粤志许长淑指导教师：白日荣单位名称：山东工商学院统计学院完成时间：2009 年 9 月 28 日1/46 摘 要大学生是国家、民族的希望和未来，他们的休闲生活，不仅影响其自身的身体状况、情感世界、思想意识、行为习惯与道德修养，影响到高校人才培养目标的实现，甚至对未来社会生活方式都会产生影响。关注大学生的休闲生活，提升大学生休闲生活的质量，日益成为人们关注的焦点。本文在对相关文献研究的基础上，于2009年 7 月对山东工商学院在校大学生的休闲态度、休闲参与和休闲阻碍进行了抽样调查，根据调查取得的数据运

2、用了描述统计、验证性因子分析(CFA、独立样本 t 检验、单因素方差分析等方法对大学生的休闲生活进行了研究，并运用结构方程式模型SEM）对休闲态度、休闲参与与休闲阻碍之间的关系进行了深层次的探索。首先，根据相关休闲理论将大学生的休闲态度分为休闲认知、休闲情意和休闲行为三个层面，休闲参与分为艺术性、运动性、娱乐性和社交性四个层面，将休闲阻碍分为结构性阻碍、个人内在阻碍和人际阻碍三个层面。参考有关研究结合大学生实际休闲情况编制了大学生休闲态度、休闲参与、休闲阻碍量表，在山东工商学院各宿舍楼内进行预调查，根据预试结果，运用工程分析、验证性因子分析等方法对预调查量表进行了修订。采用修订后的正式量表，在

3、山东工商学院一万七千多在校大学生中进行了两阶段分层抽样调查，发放问卷 600份，实际回收 590份，有效问卷 577份，问卷有效率为97.80%。根据调查取得的数据，运用描述统计方法对大学生休闲态度、休闲参与和休闲阻碍现状进行了一般性分析；运用单因子方差分析，对基于不同背景变量的大学生休闲生活各层面进行了差异性分析；运用结构方程式模型对大学生休闲态度、休闲参与和休闲阻碍之间的关系进行了深层次的探索。最后，在调查研究的基础上，对改善大学生休闲生活状况提出了相关意见和建议。关键词：大学生休闲；统计调查；验证性因子分析；方差分析；结构方程模型目 录1.问题的提出 1 文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3

4、 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8

5、N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3

6、 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8

7、N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3

8、 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8

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10、 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U32/46 2.研究现状 1 3.研究思路 2 4.调查样本 4 4.1 预试样本 4 4.2 正式样本 4 4.2.1-抽样方式 4 4.2.2-设计样本量及分配4 4.2.3-实测样本构成 5 5.调查工具 6 5.1 调查工具的选择 6 5.2 调查工具的修订 7 5.2.1-工程分析 7 5.2.2-效度和信度检验 8 6.数据分析 21 6.1 大学生休闲态度、休闲参与和休闲阻碍的

11、一般性分析21 6.1.1-休闲态度 21 6.1.2-休闲参与 21 6.1.3-休闲阻碍 22 6.2 不同背景变量下休闲态度、休闲参与和休闲阻碍的差异性分析23 6.2.1-休闲态度的差异性 23 6.2.2-休闲参与的差异性 24 6.2.3-休闲阻碍的差异性 26 6.3 大学生休闲态度、休闲参与与休闲阻碍之间的关系研究27 6.3.1-结构方程理论模型的设定27 6.3.2-模型识别性和估计方法30 6.3.3-模型评价 31 6.3.4-结论 32 7.研究结论与建议 33 7.1 结论 33 7.2 建议 34 文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O

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18、3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U33/46 参考文献 35 附录 36 文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3

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24、X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U31/46 1.问题的提出改革开放以来，随着生产力的发展和物质文化生活水平的提高,休闲越来越成为人们关注的话题。休闲和工作、学习一样,是一种资源,一种

25、财富,或如美国学者凡勃伦所言“休闲已成为一种社会建制,成为人的一种生活方式和行为方式”。大学生作为国家、民族的希望和未来,他们的休闲方式是否健康,将影响其思想意识、行为习惯、心理品质、道德修养等素质的形成,进而影响到高校人才培养目标的实现。因此,关注大学生的休闲生活,在肯定他们休闲方式的合理性、健康性、科学性一面的同时,重视其中存在的问题,并以行之有效的方式开展休闲教育,以提升大学生休闲生活的质量和层次,这对促进大学生素质和能力的全面发展有着十分重要的意义。如何更好地规划、利用休闲时间，开展丰富多彩的休闲活动，使他们身心愉悦的同时，进行自我开发，不断提高自身的素质与能力，发展个性，完善自我，提

26、升生活质量、生存质量和生命质量，为将来的发展奠定良好基础，这对大学生具有非常现实的意义。2.研究现状近年来，国外学者对大学生休闲生活的研究探索较多，但国内对大学生休闲生活的研究还比较匮乏，目前已有的研究特点主要集中体现在以下几个方面：一是对大学生休闲生活的研究以定性研究为主，着重于理论分析。如王立新、陈凡对大学生休闲生活的现状及教育对策的研究。二是已有的定量研究中主要侧重于对大学生休闲满意度及幸福感方面的调查研究。从研究方法来看，涉及问卷调查、描述统计、独立样本t 检验、单因素方差分析、探索性分析等方法。如黄长发的大学生休闲满意度与幸福感关系之研究。文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7

27、X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档

28、编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7

29、X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档

30、编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7

31、X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档

32、编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7

33、X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U32/46 三是从研究者所在的学科来看，主要是经济学、心理学和社会学等学科。如从休闲消费角度或心理健康角度对普通高校开展休闲教育进行的探讨，对大学生休闲消费的经济学分析等。总之，从国内学者已有的研究成果来看，对大学生休闲生活的研究概括起来表现为：定性研究较多、定量研究不足，研究内容的广度和深度不够，研究关注学科较单一。有鉴于此，本研究小组在2009年 7月，对山东工商学院在校大学生的休闲生活进行了两阶段

34、分层抽样调查，根据调查取得的数据运用描述统计、独立样本 t 检验、验证性因子分析、单因素方差分析等方法对大学生的休闲生活进行了研究，并运用结构方程式模型对休闲态度、休闲参与与休闲阻碍之间的关系进行了深层次的探索。3.研究思路本研究的技术路线如图 3-1所示：文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K

35、8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD

36、9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K

37、8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD

38、9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K

39、8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD

40、9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U33/46 图 3-1 研究技术路线图问题的提出文献研究调查方案及问卷设计正式调查休闲态度休闲参与休闲阻

41、碍一般性及差异性分析数据分析描述统计分析单因子方差分析预调查结构方程模型结构关系分析工程分析信效度检验结论与建议文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码

42、:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1

43、U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码

44、:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1

45、U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码

46、:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1

47、U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U34/46 4.调查样本4.1 预试样本预试样本主要用来对问卷进行信、效度检验，根据检验结果对问卷做出必要的修订，进而制定出正式调查问卷。本研究的预试主要是针对休闲态度、休闲参与、休闲阻碍量表进行的，预试样本由统计调研小组的同学在各宿舍楼发放预试问卷

48、 100 份，回收问卷 100份，全部有效。4.2 正式样本以山东工商学院一万七千多在校大学生大四学生除外，大四学生已毕业离校）为抽样总体，以学生个体为抽样调查单位,进行了两阶段分层抽样调查。发放正式调查问卷600份，实际回收 590 份，有效问卷 577份，问卷有效率为97.80%。4.2.1 抽样方式采用两阶段分层抽样方式。第一阶段从山东工商学院下属的统计学院、会计学院、经济学院、信电学院、管理科学与工程学院、外国语学院、国际商学院、法学院、计算机学院、数学学院、工商管理学院、公共管理学院、政治与社会发展学院 13个二级学院随机抽取一定数量的学院，第二阶段从抽中的二级学院中按年级分为大一、

49、大二、大三三个层次，然后采用与年级规模成正比的不等概率系统抽样 PPS抽样）抽取个人。4.2.2 设计样本量及分配样本量设计参照总体比例估计简单司机抽样时样本量计算方法，设定抽样极限误差为 5%，置信水平为 95%，在简单随机抽样情况下按保守估计样本量约为400 人，考虑到采取分层两阶段抽样时抽样误差比简单随机抽样时会增大，按抽样设计效果系数取1.5 计算，样本量扩大到600人。文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5

50、ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T1K8X1X3 HO2K7X1U7B5 ZD9O3B8N1U3文档编码:CR1T