2022年2019年高考生物总复习300个易错知识点归纳总结 .pdf

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1、12019 年高考生物总复习300 个易错知识点归纳总结1.病毒基因整合到宿主细胞DNA 上属于基因重组2.能用显微镜观察到的：染色体结构变异3.低温诱导染色体数目变化：用酒精洗卡诺氏液4.观察 DNA 和 RNA 在细胞中的分布实验：染色后用吸水纸吸取5.50洗去浮色6.观察细胞有丝分裂：用清水漂洗防止解离过度7.胰岛素：分泌蛋白8.神经递质：小分子9.鲜重：元素含量最多：O 鲜重/人体活细胞：原子个数最多：H 10.含量最多的化合物：水含量最多的有机物：蛋白质11.有机物：由C、H、O组成，常见的有：蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、葡萄糖不是有机物的是：水、无机盐等12.钠离子、氯离子维持细胞外液渗

2、透压钾离子维持细胞内液渗透压13.糖类水解为单糖，完全氧化分解为水和二氧化碳14.肝糖原：升降血糖肌糖原：降血糖干重：元素含量最多：C 特殊：脂肪细胞：含量最多的有机物是脂肪215.蔗糖=葡萄糖+果糖乳糖=葡萄糖+半乳糖16.每形成一个二硫键减少2 个 H 17.设有 n 个氨基酸，m条链（R基除外）则：C原子数=2n，N原子数=n H原子数=2（m+n），O 原子数=m+n 18.无机盐的作用：（1）构成细胞中的某些重要化合物（2）维持正常生命活动（3）维持细胞的渗透压和酸碱平衡，从而维持细胞的正常形态和功能19.细胞膜主要由脂质和蛋白质组成20.细胞膜的功能（1）将细胞与外界环境分隔开（2

3、）控制物质进出细胞（3）进行细胞间的信息交流21.细胞间信息交流的方式种类距离激素、神经递精 子 和 卵 细胞间连丝（高文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7

4、N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ

5、6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8

6、P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7

7、I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:

8、CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 H

9、N8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y6文档编码:CJ6A5A1B6V9 HN8P6V8G10W3 ZL7I7N3P6Y63质胞、效应T 细胞等植物）特征随血液到达全身各处，与靶细胞的细胞膜表面的受体结合，将信息传递给靶细胞相邻两个细胞的 细 胞 膜 接触，信息从一

10、个细胞传递给另一个细胞相邻两个细胞之 间 形 成 通道，携带信息的遗传物质通过通道进入另一个细胞是否需要载体是是否22.易混点原生质：细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核细胞质：细胞膜以内，细胞核以外的胶状物质原生质体：植物细胞去掉细胞壁之后剩下的部分原生质层：细胞膜、液泡膜以及两层膜之间的细胞质基质细胞质基质、叶绿体基质、线粒体基质（三者之间组成成分不同、所含酶不同、功能不同）22.线粒体：内膜突起形成嵴，增大了膜面积23.叶绿体：有许多类囊体堆积成基粒，增大了膜面积24.电子显微镜下才能观察到：双层膜结构，核糖体25.动植物最主要的区别是有无细胞壁文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C

11、4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4

12、文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L

13、2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T

14、1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6

15、V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L

16、1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L1

17、0T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4426.细胞器的种类和数量最能说明细胞的特殊功能27.生物膜在细胞与外部环境进行物质运输、能量转换、信息传递的过程中起决定性作用28.核糖体主要由RNA 和蛋白质组成29.细胞核控制着细胞的代谢和遗传，无核细胞不生长、不分裂30.遗传信息的载体：DNA（或基因）31.核仁：与 rRNA的合成以及核糖体的形成有关32.核

18、孔：实现核质之间的物质交换和信息交流（DNA 不能进入核孔）转录形成 mRNA，并通过核孔进入细胞质核糖体上合成的蛋白质能通过核孔进入细胞核（如RNA聚合酶）核孔越多，核仁越大的细胞代谢旺盛33.细胞器光学显微镜下可见：液泡、叶绿体线粒体（双层膜不可见）能产生水的细胞器：叶绿体、线粒体、核糖体能合成有机物的细胞器：核糖体、叶绿体、高尔基体、内质网对于维持细胞内部环境稳定的结构是：液泡能发成碱基互补配对的细胞器：叶绿体、线粒体、核糖体高等植物根：无中心体、无叶绿体、无大液泡寄生动物：无线粒体文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1

19、L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10

20、T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N

21、6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7

22、L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L

23、10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D

24、8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7

25、L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4534.质壁分离（原生质层与细胞壁分离）（1）表现中央液泡逐渐变小，颜色加深，原生质层变厚，原生质体的相对体积减小（2）条件活细胞、有细胞壁、有大液泡、有浓度差通常选择的物质：洋葱表皮，根毛细胞，叶肉细胞不能质壁分离的（未成熟的细胞）：分生区、形成层、干种子（3）内因细胞壁伸缩性小，原生质层伸缩性大（4）外因内外浓度（5）因细胞壁伸缩性小，所以质壁分离前后细胞体积几乎

26、不变（6）质壁分离可自动复原的溶液溶液、61263OHCKNO主动运输，参与的细胞器有：液泡、线粒体、核糖体尿素、乙二醇自由扩散，参与的细胞器有：液泡（7）一个植物细胞可有多个液泡，成熟的植物细胞只有一个中央大液泡35.人体组织细胞从组织液中吸收甘油的量主要取决于：组织液文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4

27、文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L

28、2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T

29、1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6

30、V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L

31、1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L1

32、0T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8

33、N6V46中甘油的浓度36.细胞膜和其他生物膜都是选择透过性膜，与该特征密切相关的成分是：蛋白质37.在电镜下看到细胞膜“暗（蛋）-亮（脂质）-暗（蛋）”，三层结构为静态38.一切实验，先调节后混合，加酶后立即计时39.人在寒冷时，肾上腺素和甲状腺激素分泌增多，细胞产生 ATP的量增加40.吸能反应一般与ATP水解相联系41.细胞呼吸的实质：氧化分解有机物，释放能量，形成ATP 42.线粒体的内膜和基质中含有许多与有氧呼吸有关的酶43.无氧呼吸隐藏反应：（乙醇）丙酮酸】【OHHCCOH52244.无氧呼吸产生乳酸的有：人，动物，马铃薯块茎、甜菜块根、乳酸菌（制酸奶、泡菜）45.酵母菌（发面、酿

34、酒）兼性厌氧，无氧呼吸只产生酒精46.动物细胞的能量为有机物中的化学能，植物细胞的能量为光能和有机物中的化学能47.光合作用：光能 ATP中活跃的化学能有机物中稳定的化学能48.叶绿体的分布：主要存在于绿色植物的叶肉细胞和幼茎的皮层细胞中文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3

35、HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4

36、ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档

37、编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I

38、3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C

39、4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4

40、文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4749.大棚植物不能使用白

41、炽灯，而使用红光（红灯泡）/蓝紫光（紫灯泡）并非昼夜温差越大产物产量越高，要适度50.光合作用物质变化（1）短时间35222CCCOCO酶的固定：52332:COCHATPHCC）（】、【的还原变化一样变化，其他的一样、与ADPCCO32原因：例：光照强度下降，产生的【H】和 ATP减少，3C的还原速率下降，而2CO的固定速率不变，故增多减少，35CC（2）长时间光照强度下降/2CO浓度下降，光合速率减弱，53CC、的合成速率减慢光照强度增强/2CO浓度上升，光合速率增强，53CC、的合成速率加快51.光反应条件：光，水，酶，叶绿体色素暗反应条件：ATP、【H】、酶52.一株放在容器中的植物，

42、当给以光照，此容器内2CO浓度不变时，整个植株2CO的吸收量与释放量相等53.影响光合作用的因素：空气中的2CO浓度，土壤中的水分，光照长短，光的成分，温度文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3

43、HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4

44、ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档

45、编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I

46、3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C

47、4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4

48、文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4854.光合作用光反应和暗反应的物质转化：NADPH（【H】）和 NADP+的相互转化ATP和 ADP+Pi

49、的相互转化55.用显微镜能看到染色体，看不到染色质56.细胞体积越大，相对表面积越小，物质的运输效率越低57.真核细胞的分裂方式：有丝、无丝、减数58.只有连续分裂的细胞具有细胞周期，减数分裂的细胞没有细胞周期59.光学显微镜下可见：洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体的形态和分布60.有丝分裂前期：（核）膜（核）仁消失显两体（染色体、纺锤体）后期：染色单体消失末期：染色体变为染色质，纺锤丝消失，新的核膜核仁出现，在赤道板（不存在）的位置出现细胞版（真实存在）动植物有丝分裂的区别动物特殊植物特殊间期由一对中心粒形成中心体。中心粒倍增形成两组中心粒，中心粒移向两级并发出星射线，两组中心粒之间的星射线形

50、成了纺锤体无末期细胞膜向内凹陷分成两个子细胞出现细胞文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C4 ZB1C4D8N6V4文档编码:CZ7L7L1L2I3 HC1A7L10T1C