2022年新初三衔接班英语第十讲句子成分宾语从句.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思前言一、课程设置目的：二、目录：第一讲： 阅读（一）词法：名词其次讲： 阅读（二）词法：代词第三讲： 阅读（三）词法：形容词和副词第四讲： 阅读（四）词法：数词第五讲： 阅读（五）词法：动词第六讲： 时态：中学阶段的八大时态分析（一）第七讲： 时态：中学阶段的八大时态分析（二）第八讲： 阅读（六）语态：被动语态第九讲： 句子种类：陈述句；疑问句；感叹句；祈使句；反意疑问句第十讲：句子成分； 宾语从句第十一讲： 五种基本句型；状语从句第十二讲： 句法：定语从句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页

2、,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思三、目录：第一讲：其次讲：第三讲：第四讲：第五讲：第六讲：第七讲：第八讲：第九讲：第十讲：句子成分；宾语从句 第十一讲：第十二讲：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思第十讲：句子成分；宾语从句1、句子成分的综合运用课程目标2、宾语从句课程重点 宾语从句的综合运用课程难点 宾语从句的时态；连接词；语序教学方法建议 讲授、提问、论证、练习课堂精讲例题搭配课堂训练课后作业题名师归纳总结

3、 选材程度及数量A 类（ 1 ）道（ 3 ）道（ 4 ）道第 3 页,共 19 页B 类（ 3 ）道（ 3 ）道（ 3 ）道C类（ 1 ）道（ 1 ）道（ 4 ）道- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思一、句子成分一）、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分；句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语 直接宾语和 间接宾语 、宾语补足语、定语和状语；其中主语和谓语是句子的主体,表语、宾语和宾语 分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分；1 主语补足语是谓语的组成部分,其他成主语表示所说的 “是什么 ” 或“ 是谁” ,通常用名词、代

4、词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句担任；主语要放在句首；The girl studies in No.4 Middle School. 这个女孩子在四中学习；表达 “谁” The post office is open. 邮局开门了； 表达“事,什么 ” Only five are here. 只有五个人来了； 数词作主语 To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事,做是另一回事；不定式作主语 What you said hurt me badly. 你所说的话深深地刺伤了我；从句作主语 留意： it 作主语时,可以有以下作用：表示时间

5、、天气、季节、距离和自然现象；Its twelve thirty. 现在十二点半；Its windy today. 今日刮大风；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Its autumn and they want to go for an out of town tour. 这是秋天,他们要去郊游；Its only ten minutes walk from here. 从这儿走特别钟就到了；It was so hot in this summer. 今年夏天可真热 . 表示刚刚

6、提到的事情；Whats this. Its a fox. 这是什么 . 它是一只狐狸；Whats that. Its your new coat. 那是什么 . 是你的新外套；起指示代词的作用,表示人或事物；Who is it outside. Its Susan. 外面是谁 . 我是苏姗；Thats it. 就是这么回事 . 用作形式主语或形式宾语；Its my job to teach them English 教他们英语是我的工作；it 作形式主语,真正的主语是to teach them English. Do you find it difficult to work out the

7、problem. 你发觉解出这道题困难吗.it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是to work out the problem Whats it like being a pilot. 当个飞行员是怎样的 .it 作形式主语,真正的主语是 being a pilot 2 谓语谓语起着说明主语的动作、特点或状态的作用,必需用动词表示；谓语和主语在人称和名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思数两 方面要一样,通常在主语之后；谓语通常有三个表现形式：1动词或动词短语作谓语 He studies

8、hard. 他学习很努力；The performance has already begun. 演出已经开头；2谓语动词和宾语及宾语补语作谓语 They are picking apples. 他们正在摘苹果；He made us laugh heavily. 他使我们大笑不止；3连系动词和表语作谓语 Her mother is an inspector. 她的母亲是一位检查官；It is getting dark. 天色慢慢地黑了下来；He is feeling well. 他现在感觉身体很好；句子成分巧划分：主在前,谓在中,宾语、状语后面冲；短语定语主宾后,形、代定语主宾前；间宾直宾紧相依

9、,直、间之间 前；3 表语to、for 连,宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状表语用于说明主语的性质、特点、身份或状态,可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词和不 定式以及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任,表语要放在连系动词后；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思He is a lawyer. 他是一名律师； 名词作表语 The performance is wonderful. 这次演出特别出色； 形容词作表语 All are here. 大家都已经到了； 副词作表语 The girl i

10、s only four. 这个小姑娘仅仅四岁； 数词作表语 They are in class. 他们正在上课； 介词短语作表语 The rice got burned. 饭焖糊了； 过去分词作表语 Her job is to wash all the sheets and the clothes. 她的工作是洗这些床单和衣服；不定式作表语 Teaching is learning. 教学相长； 动名词作表语 The trouble is that we are short of hands. 问题是我们人手不够； （从句作表语）4 宾语 宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象,由名词、代词

11、、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语及从句都可以担任作宾语；宾语要放在谓语动词 My father enjoys tea. 我父亲喜爱喝茶； 名词作宾语 The headmaster praised her at the school meeting. 校长在学校大会上夸奖了她；代词作宾语 及物动词 或介词之后；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思They had to sleep in the open air after the earthquake. 地震之后,他们只得睡在露天地

12、；不定式作宾语 Do you enjoy living here. 你情愿住在这里吗 . 动名词作宾语 I want only one. 我只要一个； 数词作宾语 I dont think you are right. 我认为你不对； 从句作宾语 留意： 某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语即直接宾语和间接宾语 , 直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人；这一类动词有：bring, give, pass, tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay等；She showed

13、 me a few magazines. 她拿出了一些杂志给我看；His father bought him a motorbike. 他父亲给他买了一辆摩托车；I promised her a wonderful present on her birthday . 我答应在她生日那天给她一件神奇的礼物； 在需要的情形下,间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后,但此时间接宾语之前需要加 介词 “ to ”或“ for ”；She made me a sweater. She made a sweater for me. 她给我织了一件毛衣；He left her three children. He

14、left three children to her 他给她留下三个孩子； 有些及物动词的后面,其宾语仍需要有一个补足语,才能表达完整的意思；这样的名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思宾语和 宾语补足语称为复合宾语；名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语；The couple named the baby Mary.名词作宾 补 这对夫妻给孩子取名叫玛丽；He made her unhappy. 他使她很不兴奋； 形容词作宾补 “ Let me out.” The bo

15、y cried. “让我出去 . ”那男孩喊道； 副词作宾补 She saw a man in front of the gate. 她观察门外有一个男人；介词短语作宾补 She often helps me do the housework. 她常常帮忙我做家务； 不定式作宾补 I kept you waiting for half an hour. 我让你等了半个小时； 动名词作宾补 5 状语 状语用于修饰动词、 形容词、副词或整个句子； 通常表示行为发生的时间、 地点、目的、方 式、程度等；状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短 语来担当；其位置一般放在句末

16、,但也可放在句首或句中；She drove fast.副词作状语 她把车开得飞速；There is a shelter under the post office. 在邮局的地底下,有一个掩蔽所；介词短语作状语 To liberate our country, they devoted their lives. 为明白放祖国,他们献出了生命；不定式短语作状语 Seeing his old mother, the man went towards her and threw himself on his knees. 那人一观察年迈的母亲就跑上前去跪倒在她面前；分词短语作状语 名师归纳总结 -

17、- - - - - -第 9 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思It was blowing hard when she was on her way home yesterday. 昨天她回家的路上,风刮得正大；从句作状语 6 定语 定语用于修饰名词或代词； 可以担任定语的有形容词、 代词、名词、数词、名词全部格、副 词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等；定语的位置很敏捷,凡出名词和代词 的地方都可以有定语；The blue car is Jeffs. 那辆蓝色的轿车是杰夫的；形容词作定语 Is this you

18、r bike. 这是你的自行车吗 . 代词作定语 I made him a model plane. 我给他做了一架航模； 名词作定语 The man outside the teachers office is his father. 办公室外面的那个人是他的父亲；介词短语作定语 Where are the childrens gifts. 孩子们的礼物在哪里？（名词全部格作定语）Ill have a lot of clothes to wash this Saturday. 这个星期六我要洗好多衣服；不定式作定语 Will you say something about your trav

19、elling experience. 动名词作定语 请你说说你的一些旅行经受好吗 . The woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt.从句 作定语 正在台上演唱的那个女人是她的姑姑；巩固练习：一. 指出以下句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之

20、法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 二. 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days

21、 D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus. A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast. A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yester

22、day. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to. A. give B. did C. whom D. book 三 挑出以

23、下句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. A B C D People all over the world speak English. A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D How many new words did you learn last class. A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you. A B C D The old m

24、an sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D They made him monitor of the class. A B C D 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C D The

25、y didnt know who Father Christmas really is. A B C D 四 挑出以下句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D Why is he worried about Jim. A B C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B C D She was the first to learn about it. A B C D 五 挑出以下句中的定语 Th

26、ey use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D What is your given name. A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe. A B C D 六 挑出以下句中的宾

27、语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C D He asked her to take the boy out of school. A B C D 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 She found it difficult to do the work. A B C D They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D

28、I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C D Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now. A B C D 七 挑出以下句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. A B C D Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B C D The man on the motorbike was t

29、ravelling to fast. A B C D With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. A B C D She loves the library because she loves books. A B C D I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. A B C D The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. A B C D 八 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Plea

30、se tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me. 二、宾语从句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思一. 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾

31、语,或形容词的宾语；依据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类；1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句； That 只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略；例如：He said that he wanted to stay at home. She doesn t know that she is seriously ill. I am sure that he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句；这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当

32、某个成分；例如：Do you know who whom they are waiting foe. He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is. I don t know why the train is late. 3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句； If 和 whether 在句中的意思是 “是否”；例如：I want to know if whether he lives there. He asked me whether if I could

33、 help him. 二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序；例如：I hear that physics isnt easy. I think that you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo. Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 假如主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态；如：I don t think that you are right.Please tell us where he i

34、s. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station. 2. 假如主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时） ；例如：He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 假如宾语从句所陈述的是客

35、观真理,其时态常用一般现在时；例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 【考点扫描】中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词挑选；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态；考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子；阅读懂得和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - -

36、- - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【中考范例】1. 20XX 年北京市中考试题 Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 【解析】答案： D；该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态；宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,所以应选 D；2. 20XX 年上海市徐汇区中考试题 Would you please tell me _. A. when did he come home B.

37、where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game【解析】答案：D；该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态；主句用的实际上是现在时,宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时；3. 20XX 年哈尔滨市中考试题 I don t know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案： B；该题考查的是宾语从句

38、的语序和时态；只有 B 在语序和时态上符合要求；4. 20XX 年常州市中考试题 -We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【解析】答案: C；该题考查的是宾语从句的语序；依据他们谈论的话题可知：他们说 的是某人是哪里人； A 和 B 可以排除掉； D 的语序不对,只有 C 正确；【满分演练】一. 单项填空 1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday. A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 2. I want to know_. B. what s his name A. what is his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 19 页