考研英语二2010-2017历年内容答案解析~真题.doc

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1、|2010 年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points) The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a glo

2、bal epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_1_ by the World Health Organization in 41 years. The heightened alert_2_an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_3_in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But t

3、he epidemic is “_4_“ in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organizations director general, _5_ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _6_ of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global _7_ in late April 2009, when Mexican

4、 authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths _8_ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _9_ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade _10_ w

5、armer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _11_ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_12_ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has _13_ more than one million people, and caused more than 6

6、00 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials _14_Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_15_orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is _16_ ahead of expectations. More than t

7、hree million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _17_doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_18_for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _19_. But it was still possible to vaccinat

8、e people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _20_ infants and healthy young people. 1 A criticized B appointed Ccommented D designated 2 A proceeded B activated C followed D prompted 3 A digits B numbers C amounts D sums 4 A moderate B normal C unusual D extreme 5 A with B in C fro

9、m D by 6 A progress B absence C presence D favor 7 A reality B phenomenon C concept D notice 8. Aover B for C among D to 9 A stay up B crop up C fill up D cover up 10 A as B if C unless D until 11 A excessive B enormous C significant Dmagnificent 12 Acategories B examples C patterns D samples 13 A i

10、mparted B immerse C injected D infected 14 A released B relayed C relieved D remained 15 A placing B delivering C taking D giving 16 A feasible B available C reliable D applicable 17 A prevalent B principal C innovative D initial 18 A presented B restricted C recommended D introduced 19 A problems B

11、 issues C agonies D sufferings 20 A involved in B caring for C concerned with D warding off Section|Section Reading comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B ,C and D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Tex

12、t 1 The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sothebys in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It wa

13、s a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, r

14、eckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firmdouble the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a wa

15、y matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirsts sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector,

16、 they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the worlds two biggest auction houses, Sothebys and Christies, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese

17、 stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christies chief executive, says: “Im pretty confident were at the bottom.” What makes this slump different

18、 from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Dsdeath, debt and divorcestill deliver works of art to the

19、 market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return. 21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as “a last victory” because _. A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories B. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the

20、 highest bids C. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis 22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Para. 3), the author suggests that_. A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-

21、market auctions B. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries C. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent D. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying 23. Which of the following statements is NOT ture? A. Sales of

22、 contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008. B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum. C. The art market generally went downward in various ways. D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come. 24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _|A. auction

23、 houses favorites B. contemporary trends C. factors promoting artwork circulation D. styles representing Impressionists 25. The most appropriate title for this text could be _ A. Fluctuation of Art Prices B. Up-to-date Art Auctions C. Art Market in Decline D. Shifted Interest in Arts Text2 I was add

24、ressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room - a womens group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I

25、 commented that women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said “Shes the talker in our family.“ The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. “Its true“ he explained. “When I come home from work I hav

26、e nothing to say. If she didnt keep the conversation going wed spend the whole evening in silence.“ This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage. The pat

27、tern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book “Divorce Talk“ that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current div

28、orce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year - a virtual epidemic of failed conversation. In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to

29、 accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: “He doesnt listen to me“ “He doesnt talk to me.“ I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their

30、husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives. In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while

31、a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk. 26. What is most wives main expectation of their husbands? A. Talking to them. B. Trusting them. C. Supporting their careers. D. Shsring housework. 27. Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means _ . A. gen

32、erating motivation. B. exerting influence C. causing damage D. creating pressure 28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_ A. men tend to talk more in public tan women B. nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation C. women attach much importance to communication between co

33、uples D. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse 29. Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?|A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists . B. Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities. C. Husband and wofe have different expectat

34、ions from their marriage. D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different. 30. In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on _ A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk B. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon C. other poss

35、ible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S. D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker Txet3 over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors habits among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when

36、customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues. “There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples habits,” D

37、r. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.” The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to Procter that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right t

38、o serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rathe

39、r than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them. But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited

40、 to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue

41、-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws. The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women

42、eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 19

43、60s. In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire com

44、munity. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors. 36. From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that _ Aboth litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries