2018年度考研英语二真题及内容答案解析.doc

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1、2018 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans ha

2、ve an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the

3、University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens

4、would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the st

5、udents who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the

6、 University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,pa

7、rticipants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on onescuriosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-

8、term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.“Hsee says.In other words,dont read online comments.1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2.A. refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret3.A. rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4.A. alert B. tie C. expose D .treat5.A. message B. trial C.

9、 review D. concept6.A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. schooling12.A.

10、begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15.A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16.A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D.

11、 pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19.A. whether B. why C. where D. how20. A .limitations B. investments C. strategies D. consequences1. A 解析：句首作者提出疑问， “为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案， “因为人们都有_不确定性的内在需求” 。A解决B保护C讨论D忽视，根据动宾搭配关系，解决不确定性搭配合理。2. C解析：本题考查动介词搭配。根据原文语境，需要选择一个动词和后面的“to”

12、连用。A拒绝做.B等待做.C寻求，力求做.D后悔做.结合文意“人们要_ 满足他们的好奇心”来判断，正选为C寻求，力求做。3. D解析：根据原文语境， “painful, uncertainty”均为消极词汇。4. C解析： 固定搭配考查。根据原文语境，考查短语_ sb to sth 意为“让某人承受某事” 。因此，C 选项为正选。5. B解析： 根据上文，第二段句首提到 in a series of four experiments,说明是在“实验”的语境。结合四个选项，A 信息B实验C 复习D 观念，只有 B 选项和段落语境相符合。因此为正选。6. C解析： 动宾搭配。结合语境， “当点击的

13、时候，一半的钢笔会_电流。 ”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流，考查四个选项，A移除B削弱C传递D打扰 A 选项更符合语境。7. D解析：时间状语的考查。结合语境， “_被独自留在房间，学生会.”,因此，这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。正选为 D.8. A 解析：动词辨析。结合原文语境，由 who 引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句中，又出现由 what 引导的宾语从句。结合宾语从句的含义， “知道接下来会发生什么”更符合语境。9. B解析：结合语境，后面语境为并列关系，因此此题应填举例子。B 为正选。10. D解析：Discover 与上文中的 Curiosity 相对应。1

14、1 C解析： 本词与后文的 Basic drives 的详细说明。与 shelter 一样都属于人类的基本需求。12 D解析：破折号的内容是对前文 instinct 的解释。说明这种本能能够促进新的科学发展，属于因果关系。13. B解析：跟前文的 drives 相对应。14. A解析：本题与前文的 backfire 相对应，都属于贬义词。15. A 解析：从后文的试验中，参与者应该被鼓励参与，因此跟前文的坚持相对应。16. A解析：通过后文的 after 能看出这个事情并没有发生，因此填预测。17. B解析：动宾搭配。18：C解析：of 引导的后置定语。由一个人的好奇心所带来的结果。19：A解

15、析：whether 引导宾语从句。20：D解析：关联对应，对应 18 题的 outcome.Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points ）Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as thoug

16、h he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that stud

17、ents should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of disc

18、arded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype, that its for kids who cant make it academica

19、lly,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for ou

20、r kids, and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point: Thats not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelors degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are

21、middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvio

22、us solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them. Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-a

23、ll, it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of_.A. mechanical memorizationB. academic trainingC. practical abilityD. pioneering spirit22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who_.A. are financially disa

24、dvantagedB. are not academically successfulC. have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates_.A. are entitled to more “educational privilegesB. are reluctant to work in manufacturingC .used to have more job opportunitiesD. used to have

25、 big financial concerns 24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all_.A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The authors attitude toward Koziate

26、ks school can be described as_.A. supportiveB. disappointedC. tolerantD. cautious21. 答案 C practical ability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢？学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，Mr Koziatek 是 New Hampshire 高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习

27、不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是 C practical ability.22. 答案 B are not academically successful这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是 B are not academically successful 。其他选项均不符合文意。23答案 C used to ha

28、ve more job opportunities这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和 high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种 the job security 已经在很大程度上 evaporated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选 C，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。24.答案 D indicate the overvaluing of higher education这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“the headlong push”找到出处是第六段开头 But 后，发现后面还有一个 a

29、nd.和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说 that is not the only thing the American economy needs. 可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有 D 选项动词 overvalue 是负面词，而且提到主题词 education。故选 D。这道题最适合用感情色彩来排除与 D 相反的其他三个选项。25.答案 A supportive这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词 Koziateks school 看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个 wake-up call。也就是在唤醒人们

30、教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会 overlooking a nations diversity of gifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。Text2While fossil fuels- coal, oil, gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply, its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable

31、s is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted Business to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables, especia

32、lly wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to p

33、ower 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US ,reported the US Energy Informat

34、ion Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide

35、36 percent of the states electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesntshine?“ has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a b

36、oost in the storage-capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this mas

37、sive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does

38、-or doesnt do-to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting“(Line 3,Para.2) is closest in meaning to _A. stabilizing B. changing C. falling D. rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America _A. is progres

39、sing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa,_.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supp

40、ly29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newp

41、ort also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctors appointment or important meeting,” he writes.Anot

42、her approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were

43、 advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily

44、 plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport sug

45、gests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body.idleness is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believe

46、s this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people dont realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the f

47、ocus and unfocus circuits in their brain.” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. Keep to your focus time37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows thatA. students are hardly

48、motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD. daily schedules arc indispensable to studying38. According to Newport, idleness is _-A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energy0. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains shift between being focused and unfocused _A. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-being