初中英语笔记大全 (超级精华版).pdf

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1、初中英语笔记大全（超级精华版）初中英语笔记大全（超级精华版）This is the key toto the door.这是开门的钥匙。sb.call电话号码sth.at电话号码call sb.=phone sb.=ring sb.upplease give me a call.请打电话给我family 指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“is”，family 指家人时是复数，谓语动词用“are”。of 表示无生命物体的所有格，s 表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用 of，但有生命物体后要加“s”。以副词 there 或 here 开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。Whats your n

2、ame,please?=Could you tell me your name,please?=May I haveyour name,please?Nice to meet you.=Glad to meet you.=Pleased to meet you.写启示的方法：1.启示的主题；2.描述细节；3.留下联系方式。表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用dear 作感叹词。名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如：here is a set of keyshere are two sets of keysget to somewhere(get home除外)到达have(

3、有生命物体的“有”)有there is(无生命物体的“有”)肯定：Let+宾语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+V 原型+否定：Dont let+宾语+V 原型+/Let+宾语+not+V 原型+have 表示“有”时才可以用来提问或写成否定“havent”。Lets(include说话的人和听话的人)问：shall we？问：will you？Let us(不include听话的人)be 动词look 看联系动词sound 听感官动词smell 闻taste 尝fell 触+adj.作表语反身代词：myself（我自己）yourself（你自己）himself（他自己）herself（她自己）its

4、elf1（它自己）ourselves（我们自己）yourselves（你们自己）themselves（他们自己）How much+be+商品？（答：Its/Theyre）=What is the price of？（答：It s）cent 美分 One dollar=100 centsother(两者中的另一个)another（三者中的另一个）越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：big blue hat帮助某人做某事help sb.(to)do sth.help sb.with sth.with the help(n.)of sb.e.g.He studies math well,wit

5、h the help of teacher.一般将来时的一般形式：主语+will+动词原形+Can I help you?=What can I do for you?=(Is there)anything I can do for you?a.受欢迎的welcomen.欢迎v.欢迎get a warm welcome 得到热烈欢迎be 动词不加动词原形“hundred，thousand”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“s”。hundreds of 上百 thousands of 上千buy sth.for sb.=buy sb.（间接宾语）sth.（直接宾语）为某人买某物any body 在

6、肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。for 表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。each 强调两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体every 强调三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体+第三人称单数There are many trees on each side of the roadThere are many trees on both sides of the roadthe price is low(high)价格低（高）也alsoeithertoo放在 be 动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前放在句末(

7、疑问句、否定句)放在句末(肯定句)on a cold morning 在一个寒冷的早晨when？what time？比赛contestgamematch有计划预先安排好的比赛持续一段时间的节日一般用“festival”.a kind of答不用具体时间答要用具体时间和智力或知识有关的竞赛一种2many kind ofall kinds of许多种各种各样kind of 有几分如：The elephants are kind of cute.含有 think 的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定，要否定前移，如：She doesnt think theyare boring.(她认为他们不无聊)问：Ho

8、w are you？答：Im fine.(我很好。)/Just so so.(一般般。)表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Two dollars is enough(足够)。怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节：双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心，元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音，因此，首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合，两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母（包括“r”），分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：paper/peip/(pa 为开

9、音节)member/memb/(mem 为闭音节)happy/hpi/(hap 为闭音节)sorry/sri/(sor 为闭音节)certainly/s:tnil/I am sorry.I cant go with you.（对不起。我不能和你一起去。）Thanks./Thank you./Thank you very much./Thank a lot./Many thanks.You are welcome./Thats OK./Thats all right.Its my pleasure./With pleasure.（这是我的荣幸。）make friend with sb.（和交朋友

10、）Thanks for+n./v.ing=Thanks sb.for+n./v.ingbelow 在下方（非正下方）反义词：above 在上面（非正上方，没有接触面）under 在下面（正下方）反义词：on（有接触面），over（没有接触面）在上面（正上方）keep+sth.+adj.使某物保持某状态。keep+adj.保持某状态。表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句用“some”。问：Let答：OK./All right./Thats a good idea./That sounds good./Sorry.sport 用来修饰名词要变为 sports。play+the+乐器 Erh

11、u 除外be 动词后叫表语，修饰名词叫定语，修饰动词叫状语，前后两词对等叫同位语。人民币和日元变复数不变，其他要。be good with sb.=get on well with sb.与某人相处的很好问：How often does Rick run on weekend?答：Rick usually runs on weekend.always(总是)usually(通常)often（经常）sometime（有时）seldom（很少）never（从不）频度副词放在 be 动词或助动词之后，实意动词或行为动词之前。感叹句：What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+(主)+（谓）！如：What

12、 beautiful flowers they are!3How+adj./adv.+(主)+（谓）！如：How beautiful the flowers are!Can you think what his job is?含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。Start to do sth.开始做某事be famous for 因出名忙于某事be busy doing sth.be busy with sth.be strict with sb.be strict in sth./doing sth.对某人某事严格for+时间段做某事持续多久问：How long do you

13、have volleyball?答：I have volleyball for two hours.ask sb.some questions.问某人一些问题ask sb.to do sth.叫某人做某事no=not anybecause 不和 so 同时使用，although(尽管)不和 but 同时使用。littlea littlefewa few修饰不可数名词修饰可数名词几乎没有(否定)有一些(肯定)几乎没有(否定)有一些(肯定)either：两者中的任何一个都行。neither：两者中的任何一个都不。用“may”提问的句子回答用can/can t 或 must/mustn t;用“ca

14、n”提问的句子回答用 can/cant;用“must”提问的句子回答用 need/neednt.如：1.May I park my car here?Yes,you can/must./No,you cant/mustnt.2.Can I watch TV?Yes,you can./No,you cant.3.Must I clean the classroom this morning?Yes,you need./No,you neednt.be afraid of doing sth./be afraid of sth.害怕做某事/某物be fond of=likemake a conti

15、nuation to sth.对有贡献do well in=be good at 擅长比较级+and+比较级越来越give back=return归还法国人单数：Frenchman/Frenchwoman英国人单数：Englishman/Englishwoman4Chinese 和 Japanese 单复数同形in the world 在世界上all over the world/around the world/the whole word 全世界in the school 在学校里in school 在学校学习outside 在外面outside the gate to the park

16、在公园门外turning 转角go down+沿着 路走go straight down+沿着 路直走enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事enjoy oneself=have a good time=have funtake a walk=go for a walk=have a walkthe beginning of 的开始at the beginning of 强调在开始的那一刻in the beginning 起初，一开始from the beginning 开始时from beginning to end 从开始到结束visit+地点、参观某地a visit to+地点、参观某

17、地have fun doing sth.做很开心地点+is a great place to do sth.是一个做的地方be busy with sth.忙于某事the way to 去的路on the way to+地点 在去的路上on ones way to+地点 某人在去的路上on my way to home 在我回家的路上pass sth.to sb.把某物递给某人pass sb.sth.in 大地方arrive at 小地方arrive at school到达学校get to schoolreach school主语+hope(that)+从句主语+hope+to do sth.

18、live on 靠为生5主语为物It takessb.时间、金钱to.do sth.做某事要花某人多少take时间、金钱花费spend 主语为人spend时间、金钱on sth./(in)doingsth.Thisbook costs me 3 yuan.cost主语为物（强调金钱）pay 主语为人pay 金钱 to sb.for sth.pay sb.为了某物付钱给某人付钱给某人pay 金钱 to sb.=pay sb.金钱between 两者之间 among 三者或三者以上之间across 指在表面穿过、有接触 面through 指从内部穿过over指从上空穿过、没有接 触面Why not

19、 do sth.？表建议：为什么不做呢？Why dont you do sth.?表疑问：你为什么不要？because句子because名词/名词短语/代词，becauseI wasill.Ididn tgo toschool如Ididn tgo toschool，becauseof the illness.kindofadj.a kindofn.many kindsofall kindsof如：People like this kind of animals,because theyre kind of cute.in the south of 在南部asleep 睡着的 adj.fall

20、asleep 入睡 be asleep 正睡着be friendly to sb.对某人友好dont forget to do sth.不要忘记做某事tell sb.to do sth.叫某人去做某事tell sb.not to do sth.叫某人不去做某事停下正在做的，去做某事stop todo sth.stopdoing sth.停下正在做的是介词+doing sth.would like to do sth.想要做某事Which place do you live in=Where do you live?Isnt he cute?否定疑问句Sam wants to play bask

21、etball,doesnt he?翻译疑问句Why not do sth.?=Why dont you do sth.?6practice doing sth.练习做某事use sth.to do sth.比较级中的代词用 that，如：The map of Beijing is better than that of Tianjin.said to oneself 自言自语be careful not to do sth.小心别做某事do ones best 尽某人的全力be made of 看得出原材料的由制作的be make from 看不出原材料的be satisfied with 对

22、满意be full of 满是in the front of 在内部的前面in front of 在外部的前面条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如：Wellhave a sports meetingif it doesnt rain tomorrow.Its(形式主语)+adj.+（for sb.）+to do sth.(主语)做某事怎么样。如：Its important for him to play the piano.弹钢琴对他很重要。Its+adj.+of sb.to do sth.（adj.应为 sb.的本身性质）如：Its kind of you to help me.

23、你帮助了我，你真好。go across the bridge 过桥in+时间段（将来时）多久后（放在时间前）after在之后，多久之后（放在时间后）laterWhat does she do?=Whats she?=Whats her job?（UN)workjob(CN)sometimes 频度副词；有时间如：I hope Isometime 某时，某个不确定的时can visit Hong Kong sometime.some times 几次some time 一些时间give sb.sth.给某人某物（sth.直接宾语，sb.间接宾语）give sth.to sb.get sth.fr

24、om sb.从某人那里得到某物穿的状态wearput on 穿上talk to/with sb.与某人交谈be in danger 处于危险中be out of danger 脱离危险7be out 外出问某人某事ask sb.sth.叫某人做某事ask sb.to do sth.waitress 女服务员sb.与某人工作work withsth.工作与某物有关work withbe late for 做迟到了need sth.需要某物need（实义动词）need to do sth.需要做某事need doing 需要被 如：The flowers need watering.花需要被浇水。

25、learn by oneself=teach oneself 自学teach sb.sth.教某人某事teach sb.to do sth.教某人去做某事长时间的看watchsee 强调看的结果看look 强调看的过程、动作read 阅读show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.lately 最近see sb.doing sth.看到某人正做某事wait to do sth.等待做某事cawt wait to do sth.迫不及待地想要做某事thanks for+n./动名词表语一般放在 be 动词后，定语一般放在名词前。be with sb.与某人在一起every one 指

26、人 every bodyevery one 可以指人，也可以指物描述头发：漂亮+长短+形状+颜色描述人的长相：have/has+hair/eyes/ears/mouth/nose is/am/are+tall/short/thin/heavy/good-looking/of medium height strong 的反义词：weak 虚弱的love to do sth.喜爱做某事wear 用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。如：Miss Li is wearing a new dress today.李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。popular 流行；受欢迎的 pop 流行8）good-lookin

27、g 外在美（指男性或女性性或物）beautiful 外在美或内在美（指女ordinary-looking 相貌平平ugly-looking 相貌不好看的；相貌丑 的漂亮；英俊handsometell sb.joke 给某人讲笑话make a joke with sb.和某人开玩笑Don t make such kind of jokes with others 别和别人开这种玩笑kind of=a little bit+adj./adv.=a little bit of+n.多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为：限定词（the；a）数词描绘词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色）出处材料性质、类别名词a s

28、mall round table.如：.a famous German medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports car.o do sth.记得去做某事remember tremember doing sth.记得做过某事？-Who cleaned the classroom-The students did.特别喜欢：likea lot/very much有一点喜欢：likea little一点都不喜欢：（doesnt）dont likeat alloutgoing 外向的What fine weather it is！=How fine the

29、weather is！sth.would like to do sth.sb.to do sth.-Would you like sth.-Yes，please./No，thanks.-Would you like to do sth.d like to./I d like to，but I-Yes，Iround the world 全世界junk food 垃圾食物9do sth.为做某事编一个理由make a reason togive the reason for sth.give the reason for doing sth.给出某事/做某事的理由如：give me your re

30、asons for being late.be on a visit(n.)to =visit(v.)stay+adj.保持practise(v.)practice(v.)n./pron./doing sth.practicepractice(n.)(没有practise)如：Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧在山顶上on the top of the mountain在半山腰 half way up the mountain在山脚下 at the foot of the mountainIt takes sb.时间 to do sth.做某事花某人多少时间on sth.人

31、 spend 时间/金钱(in)doing sth.for sth.人 paysb.金钱物 cost sb.钱be angry with sb.most of 中的大多数)do sth.(看见经常做或做过watch sb./sth.doing sth.(看见正在做)to do sth.It is timefor sth.for sb.to do sth.He doesnt want to do anything.=He wants to do nothing.Help oneself to sth.受欢迎play a joke on sb.和某人开玩笑dress sb.为某人穿衣打扮动词原型及

32、其过去式to+v.（不定式）make sb.do sth.省略to的不定式let sb.do sth.have sb.do sth.help sb.(to)do sth.可加可不加10another+n.（单）|would like sb.to do sth.it s fun to do sth.have fun doing sth.动词原形am/isbeat(打击;打败)break(使破碎)buycomedo/doesdrivefeedflygive过去式wasbeatbroke动词原形arebecomebring过去式werebecamebroughtcouldcostdrewatefou

33、ghtforgotwenthadhurtlaidleaflostmeantwonrodesaidsentshouldsatstoodtookthought动词原形bear(忍受)beginbuild(建造)catchcutdrinkfallfindgetgrowhear过去式borebeganbuiltcaughtcutdrankfellfoundgotgrewheardboughtcancamecostdiddrawdroveeatfedfightflewforgetgavegohung(闲hang(吊)逛)hanged(have/has吊)holdheldhurtknowknewlay(下

34、蛋)learnlearndleaveletletlosemaymightmeanpaypaidwinreadreadriderunransaysellsoldsendwritesingspeakswimtellwearwrotesangspokeswamtoldworeshallsitstandtakethinkkeepkeptlead(引导)ledlie(说谎)lied/laymakemademeetmetputputringrangseesawwillwouldshowed过去show分词：shownsleepsleptsweepsweptteachtaughtthrow(抛；threw扔

35、)Its time for sb.to do sth.be worry(adj.)about(担心)=worry(v.)about继续做同一件事goondoingsth.结束去做某件事goon todosth.11叶子半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去砍娘。架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命亡。去 f/fe+vesleafleavesselfselvesknivekniveswolfwolveslifeliveshalfhalveswifewivesshelfshelvesthiefthievessothat 如此以致discuss with sb.sth.findsb.doingsth.seesb.doing

36、sth.watchsb.doingsth.doingsth.(经过时看到正在做)seesb.seesb.dosth.(看见整个过程)as soon as一 就Stand sth.Maybe adv.exercise(v.)=do exercise(n.)/do sportsDomoreexercise(un.),you willbehealthier.Domorning/eyesexercises有修饰词作为(cn.)频率副词例如位实义动词前，助动词、I usually go to the park.置be动词、情态动词后She usually goes to the park.频率副词不影响

37、动词形成She usually went to the park last year.How oftenHow manyHow muchHow long 时间多久How far 距离多远How soon 多快例：How soon will you come back？In two days.How many times 多少次result for do sth.want sb.to do sth.g东西令人觉得很有趣interestinintered感到谁很有趣Thanks for doing sth.尽力做某事try todosth.thydoingsth.尝试做某事(cn.)vegetab

38、lefruit(un.)12be different from 与不同look after=take care of 照顾（重视）n.healthadj.healthystyle 风格、方式grade评价mark直观的分数(to)do(v.)sth.helpsb.withsth.helpsb.the old 老人kind person 热心人the same as 与一样kind of=a little(bit)keep in good healthy=keep healthymake a plan for 为做计划although=though 让步状语从句：虽然、尽管ahardjob难的a

39、dj.ahardstone硬的hardhard-working努力的workhard努力地adv.Itsrainyhard雨下很大Maybeheisastudentmaybeadv.例maybe情态v.v.(原)Hemaybeastudentbe good at sth./doing sth.advice(un.)建议 a piece of advice.sore肌肉引发炎症，酸痛ache连续疼痛，多加在身体部位后lots of=a lot ofgoodfineadv.welladj.表示身体好 fine13s thematter withsb.？Whats the trouble withs

40、b.？WhatWhat s wrong(adj.)withsb.？What shappened tosb.？tired(adj.)主观感受到疲劳tire(n.)tieing令人感到疲劳certainly 当然sound like+名词/名词词组sometimes有时，常用于一般现在 时some times几次sometime某个时候，常用于将来 时some time 一段时间，常用于现在 完成时want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事=would like sb.to do sth.尽力做某事try todosth.dosth.尽力不做某事trynot tohope 表示有可能实现的

41、愿望。hope to do sth.希望去做某事；hope+that 从句（that可以省略）。另外，hope 后面+so 表示“希望如此”；hope not 表示“希望不是这样。wish 表示的愿望有点难实现。wish to do sth.希望做某事；wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事；wish that 从句，从句所表示的希望一般是不可能实现的，故用虚拟语气。a balance ofbalanced(adj.)traditiona l(adj.)tradition(n.)like 名词短语像forexample 句子Need sth./to do sth.Be good f

42、or sth./doing sth.get 变得maybe(adv.)may v.(原)be with sth.toomuchn.(un)toomanyn.(cn)much tooadj.14western 西方的形式主语Its+adj.to do sth.improve 提高have a pain in the+身体部位名词修饰名词：修饰词总为单数woman man 跟着所修饰词单复数变化sport 作为修饰词总为复数there be+主语+doing sth.if：条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来时。ill表语：The boyisill.表语：The boyissick.sick定语：Th

43、isisa sick boy.不擅长：be weak is擅长：be good atAngry with sb.about sb.为某事生某人的气。for 表目的，例：We come here for vacation.spend time withsb.花时间在某人身上onsth.spend花费sb.spend(in)doingsth.将来时：1.will+v.(原)2.be going to do sth.3.用现在进行时表将来时有方向性的词计划好的事babysittin gbabysitbabysatsb.pay 钱 for sth.Heisleavingin the morning.t

44、hHeisleavingon the morningof 28.Heisleavingon a coldmorning.有adj.修饰表示天气气候用ongo away 离开Have a good time=Enjoy yourselfsend sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.15单数复数ChineseChinese中日友好莫要变JapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmen英法联盟元音牵FrenchmanFrenchmenbefamousas作为出名Jaychouisfamousasa singer

45、.famous(adj.)Shantouisfamousfor thebeautifulbeach.befamousfor因而出名Jaychouisfamousfor hissong.think(过去式：thought)：think about sth./doing sth.思考think of：想起decide(决定)to do sth./on sth./on doing sth.在某大洲中心 in：Greece is in Europe.（European 欧洲的）leave somewhere 离开某地 leave for somewhere 离开去某地planplannedplanni

46、ngnatural 自然的finish doing sth.完成某事hope to do sth./从句n.plan plan todosth.v.plansth.I cant wait to do sth.我迫不及待想做某事the number of 的数量depend on 依赖于in the mountain 在山区sothat如此以致tootokeep+宾语+adj.（宾补）v.openThe windowsisadj.开着的(closedadj.关着的)closeddecide to do sth./on sth./on doing sth.宾语从句：陈述句语序get to=reac

47、h=arrive in/atWould/Will you please+v(原)sit at the table 用餐the final(adj.最后的)exam 期末考试How 提问方式方法16thousand 千million 百万前面加确数不加sbillion 十亿A地+is+距离+(away)from B 地有具体距离不再用 farfrommyschool.Myhomeisfar(away)Myhome10kilometers(away)frommyschool.Its+距离+from A to B划线部分提问：Its ten kilometres from my home to sc

48、hool.How far is it from your home to school？It take sb.to do sth.例：It takes him about 10 minutes to ride to the station.ride 车程：An hours bus ride will take you there.Its10kilometers.How farisit from yourhome toschool？Its10minutes walk.final=at last=in the endnot all（部分否定）并非所有：Not all students are he

49、re.(adj.)frombedifferent(adj.)differenceon the weather.Itdependsdepend决定onhowmuchmoneyyouaregoing tospend.Itdependsmust be肯定推测maybe可能cant不能是a lot/far/much 用来修饰比较级表示差别程度大，差别程度小用 a bit/a littleasmallnumberof 少数的a numberof 许多 n.(pl.)a great/largenumberofWhat do you think of？=How do you like？need（实义动词）+

50、sth./to do sth.the number of 的数量，谓动用单数（is）The number of the students is 100.worryworry（v.）Dont be（adj.）invite(v.)invitation(n.)(a/an)adj.n.(主 谓)WhatHow adj.主 谓17不得不（客观）00.Shehas toget homebefore5：have to人称及时态变化untill12:00lastnight.Ihad tostudy toget homebefore5：00.否定借助动词do：Shedont havesoon间隔快quick反应