2012年11月北京成人本科学位英语专业考试真题及~其~答案内容详尽解析.doc

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1、|2012.11.03 北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试真题及答案解析Part Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the c

2、orresponding letter on the Answer sheet。Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage :It seems like every day theres some new research about whether our favorite drinks are good for us ,(76)One day ,science says a glass of red wine a day will help us live longer The next day ,maybe n

3、ot It seems journalists are pretty interested in wine research and the same might be said for coffee .Now theres been a lot of research into whether coffees good for our health “the results have really been mixed“, admits Neal freedman who led the coffee study and published his findings in a medical

4、 journal recently.“Theres been some evidence that coffee might increase the risk of certain diseases and theres also been maybe more recent evidence that coffee may protect against other diseases as well“。Freedman and his colleagues undertook the biggest study yet to look at the relationship between

5、 coffee and health They analyzed data collected from more than 400,000 Americans ages 50 to 71 participating in the study “We found that the coffee drinkers had a modestly lower risk of death than the non-drinkers ,“he said .Heres what he means by “modestly“:those who drank at least two or three cup

6、s a day were about 10 percent or 15 percent less likely to die for any reason during the 13 years of the study when the researchers looked at specific causes of death ,coffee drinking appeared to cut the risk of dying from heart disease lung disease injuries ,accidents and infectionsNow ,Freedman st

7、ressed that the study doesnt prove coffee can make people live longer. A study like this can never prove a cause-and-effect relationship (77)All it can really do is to point researchers in the right direction for further investigation And even if it turns out that coffee is really good for you, scie

8、ntists have no idea why似乎每天都有关于我们喜爱的饮料是否对我们的身体有益的研究。 （76）今天，科学研究声称每天喝一杯红酒会延年益寿。第二天，可能就会有不同的说法了。似乎新闻记者们对关于酒的研究十分感兴趣，同样对咖啡也是如此。如今，很多人都在研究咖啡是否对人体有益。 “得到的结果非常复杂， ”尼尔 弗里德曼承认说，他最近曾领导了一项咖啡研究，并在一家医学杂志|上发表了他的调查结果。 “有一些证据表明咖啡可能会增加人患某些疾病的危险，同时还有一些更新的证据显示：咖啡同样会预防其他的一些疾病。 ”弗里德曼和他的同事们进行着迄今为止着眼于咖啡和人体健康之间的关系的最大的一次研

9、究。他们分析了采自参与该研究的年龄在 50 到 71 岁之间的 40 万多名美国人的资料。他说：“我们发现喝咖啡的人比不喝咖啡的人有着较小的低死亡风险。 ”下面是他说的“较小的”含义：在该项研究所经历的 13 年里，那些每天至少喝 2 到 3 杯咖啡的人（比不喝咖啡的人）无论什么原因都少了 10%或 15%的机会面对死亡。当研究人员审视那些令人死亡的具体原因时，发现喝咖啡明显地减少了因心脏病、肺病、外伤和感染等引起的死亡的风险。如今，弗里德曼强调说，该项研究并没有证明咖啡能够使人长寿。像这样的研究根本就不可能证明出一个因果关系出来。它所能做到的只是指引研究人员向正确的方向进一步展开研究。而且，

10、即使最后得出咖啡对人体有益的结论，科学家们也不知道那是为什么1 According to the first paragraph, reporters would like to know the research findings of _A . tea B. beer C. alcohol D. Coffee1.【答案】D。细节题。由题干可以定位到第一段。根据第一段 It seems journalists are pretty interested in wine research and the same might be said for coffee.。可知新闻工作者们（journ

11、alists） ，即题干中的 reporters Grimm，对酒（wine）和咖啡（coffee）的研究感兴趣，选项中只有 coffee，因此选择 D。2According to the passage, which of the following is TRUCE?A Freedman and his colleagues hired 400,00 Americans to collect date。B About four hundred thousand Americans worked for Freedmans team full time for 13 years。C Peop

12、le Who took part in Freedmans research are about 50 to 70 years old 。D People Who are 50 to 70 years old seldom drink coffee2. 【答案】C 。细节题。根据第二段 They analyzed data collected from more than 400,000 Americans ages 50 to 71 participating in the study，可知选项 C 正确，故为答案3 According to the author, scientists_。

13、A have already proved that coffee is good for human healthB have a long way to go before they find a way to study coffeeC have avoided the cause -and -effect approach to study coffee|D are still unable to figure out why coffee is good for us3. 【 答案】C。细节题。根据第三段的 A study like this can never prove a ca

14、use-and-effect relationship. All it can really do is to point researchers in the right direction for further investigation.可知弗里德曼的研究已经得出不能证明 a cause-and-effect relationship 的结论，以后科学家们可以避免用这种方法研究咖啡，所以选项 C 为答案。4 The word “mixed“ in the first paragraph means“_“。A both good and bad B. put togetherC. bot

15、h sharp and soft D. Confused4. 【 答案】A。词汇解释题。由题干定位到第一段的内容。Neal freedman 承认说研究结果“have really been mixed”，他接着说道“Theres been some evidence that coffee might increase the risk of certain diseases and theres also been maybe more recent evidence that coffee may protect against other diseases as well.”可知，研究

16、证据显示了两种不同结论：咖啡增加患一些病的风险和咖啡抵御患另一些病的风险。所以 A 为答案5.Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A. Can Beer Help You Live Longer?B. Can Coffee Help You Live Longer?C. Can Whine Help You Live Longer?D. Can Tea Help You Live Longer?5. 【 答案】B。主旨题。文章虽然在第一段提到了酒（wine） ，但是通篇都是在谈论弗里德曼对咖啡和人体健康

17、的关系的研究，所以 B 为答案。文章没有提到啤酒（Beer ）和茶（Tea） 。Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:When were learning a foreign language, making sense of what we hear is the first step toward fluency. It sounds obvious, but until recently, we didnt know much about how listening works. New researc

18、h demonstrates that effective listening involves more than simply hearing the words that float past our ears. Rather, its an active process of receiving information and making meaning. |This kind of engaged listening is a skill thats as critical for learning a range of subjects at school and work as

19、 it is for learning to understand a foreign tongue。(78)Studies of skilled language learners have identified specific listening strategies that lead to superior comprehension. Last year, for example, University of Ottawa researcher Larry Vandergrift published his study of 106 undergraduates who were

20、learning French as a second language. Half of the students were taught in a conventional fashion, listening to and practicing texts spoken aloud. The other half, possessing the same initial (最初的) skill level and taught by the same teacher, were give detailed instruction on how to listen. It turned o

21、ut that the second group “significantly outperformed”(胜过)the first one on a test of comprehension。So what are these listening strategies? Skilled learners go into a listening class with a sense of what they want to get of it. (79) They set a goal for their listening, and they generate predictions ab

22、out what the speaker will say. Before the talking begins they mentally review what they already know about the subject, and form an intention to “listen out for” whats important or relevant. Once they begin listening, these learners maintain their focus; if their attention wanders, they bring it bac

23、k to the words being spoken. They dont allow themselves to be thrown off by confusing or unfamiliar details. Instead, they take note of what they dont understand and make inferences about what those thing might mean, based on other clues available to them; their previous knowledge of the subject, th

24、e context(语境) of the talk, the identity of the speaker, and so on。当我们在学习一门外语的时候，理解我们所听到的内容是走向熟练的第一步。这是显而易见的，但是直到最近，我们对于听力是如何起作用的还知之甚少。新的研究表明，有效的听力不仅包括听飘过我们耳朵的单词，而且，还包括一个接收信息和获得意义的积极的过程。这种专注听力是一种技能，与在学校或工作中学习一系列的课程一样，这种技能对于学习弄懂一门外语也很关键。 （78）对于熟练的语言学习者的研究已经证实了一些可以获得高效理解的专门的听力策略。例如：去年，渥太华大学的研究者拉里万德格里夫特

25、发表了一项以 106 名正在学习第二语言法语的本科生为受试对象的研究。对一半的学生采取传统方式教学，听力并练习大声读出来的课文。对另一半学生教授同样的初级听力技能，并且是同一位老师，给予他们怎么去听的详细的指导。结果显示，在一项理解测试中，第二组“很明显地胜过”了第一组学生。那么这些听力策略是什么呢？技巧娴熟的学习者进入听力课堂的时候，会带着一种他们想要得到什么的感觉。他们为自己的听力做好了目标，然后他们会预测下说话者将要说什么。在对话开始之前，他们在心中复习下关于所听话题的已知信息，接着行成一个“期待着”重要和相关内容的意向。一旦这些学习者开始听音，他们把精力集中在他们所关注的地方；如果他们

26、走神了，他们就把注意力集中到正在说的内容。他们不允许自己放过那些不清楚或是不熟悉的细节。相反，他们在不理解的地方做下标记，查对这些东西到底是什么意思，查对时会建立在其他已经明白的线索上：他们以往关于这个话题的知识，对话的语境，说话者的身份，等等。|6. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Effective listening means hearing the words that float past our ears。B. Developing your listening skills is the first step toward de

27、veloping fluency。C. Skilled listeners use specific strategies to get the most out of what they hear。D. Listening is one of the most powerful tools we have to gain information。6.【答案】C。主旨题。根据第一段 This kind of engaged listening is a skill that is as critical for learning a range of subjects at school an

28、d work as it is for learning to understand a foreign tongue 可知本文讨论的中心是 engaged listening，投入的听对于学习有重大作用。后面两段分别讨论有效地听可以增强理解能力以及高效听力能力应用的技巧。7. What does Vandergrifts research show?A. Learners who adopt specific listening strategies become better listeners。B. Learners taught in the traditional way are b

29、etter at reinforcing what they learn。C. Learners are more confident if they make fewer mistakes。D. Learners who listen on a regular basis improve faster。7. 【答案 】A。细节题。根据第二段第一句话：Studies of skilled language learners have identified specific listening strategies that lead to superior comprehension. 可知选

30、项 A 正确。8. Which of the following statements about Vandergrifts research is TRUE?A. The participants were postgraduates learning French as a second language。B. All the participants were taught using the conventional method, with the focus on listening strategies。C. The two groups were taught by diffe

31、rent teacher。|D. The participants were at the same initial skill level。8. 【答案】D。细节题。根据第二段 The other half, possessing the same initial skill level and taught by the same teacher, were given detailed instruction on how to listen. 可知选项 D 正确。9. The expression “thrown off” in the third paragraph is close

32、st in meaning to “_”。A. infected B. confused C. ruined D. Informed9. 【答案】B 。词义理解题。根据第三段 these learners maintain their focus 可知，具备高效听力能力的学习者专注。根据 They dont allow themselves to be thrown off by confusing or unfamiliar details 可知，专注听信息的人不受信息干扰。10. According to the passage, which of the following strate

33、gies is NOT used by skilled learners?A. Review their prior knowledge of the subject。B. Concentrate on the speakers words。C. Translate into their native language。D. Predict what the speaker will way。10. 【 答案】C。细节题。根据第三段 before the talking begins, they mentally review what they already know about the

34、subjects.可知 A 选项的技巧是被高效听力学习者采用的方法。Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:(80) As the Titanic was sinking and women and children climbed into lifeboats, the musicians from the ships band stood and played. They died when the ship went down. Men stood on the deck and smoked ciga

35、rettes. They died, too. This behavior is puzzling to economists, who like to believe that people tend to act in their own self interest. “There was no pushing,” says David Savage, an economist at Queensland University in Australia who has studied witness reports from the survivors. It was “very, ver

36、y orderly behavior。 ”Savage has compared the behavior of the passengers on the Titanic with those on the Lusitania, another ship that also sank at about the same time. But |when the Lusitania went down, the passengers panicked(恐慌). There were a lot of similarities between these two events. These two

37、 ships were both luxury ones, they had a similar number of passengers and a similar number of survivors。The biggest difference, Savage concludes, was time. The Lusitania sank in less than 20 minutes. But for the Titanic, it was two-and-a-half hours. “If youve got an event that lasts two-and-a-half h

38、ours, social order will take over and everybody will behave in a social manner,” Savage says. “If youre going down in under 17 minutes, basically its instinctual。 ” On the Titanic, social order ruled, and it was women and children first. On the Lusitania, instinct won out. The survivors were largely

39、 the people who could swim and get into the lifeboats。Yes, were self-interested, Savage ways. But were also part of a society. Given time, social norms(规范) can beat our natural self-interest. A hundred years ago, women and children always went first. Men were stoic(坚忍的)。 On the Titanic, there was en

40、ough time for these norms to become forceful。当泰坦尼克号正在下沉，妇女和儿童爬进了救生艇的时候，这条船上的音乐家们留了下来并继续演奏。当轮船沉没时他们的生命结束了。男人们则站在甲板上吸雪茄烟。他们也死了。经济学家们对这种行为感到困惑，他们习惯性地认为人们会倾向于根据自己的个人利益做事。大卫萨维奇是澳大利亚昆士兰大学的经济学家，他一直在研究该船的幸存者的目击报告，他说，“那里没有推挤” ， “非常非常有秩序” 。萨维奇将泰坦尼克号上的乘客的行为与路西塔尼亚号（另一艘几乎在同一时间沉没的轮船）上的乘客的行为做了对比。然而，当路西塔尼亚号下沉的时候，乘客

41、们出现了恐慌。这两次事件有许多相似之处。两艘都是豪华巨轮，它们承载着相似数量的乘客，有相似数量的幸存者。萨维奇总结道，最大的不同在于时间。路西塔尼亚号不到 20 分钟就沉没了。但是，泰坦尼克号的沉没时间是 2.5 小时。萨维奇说：“如果你遇上了一个持续 2.5 小时的事件，社会秩序将会起作用，每一个人都会以社会方式行事。如果你将在 17 分钟内沉没，基本上会基于本能行事。 ”在泰坦尼克号上，社会秩序支配着人们的行为，妇女和儿童优先逃生。而在路西塔尼亚号上，本能胜出了社会秩序，大部分幸存者是那些会游泳并且能够逃到救生艇上的人们。是的，我们都是自私自利的，萨维奇说道。但是我们也是社会的一部分。如果

42、时间充足的话，社会规范就能够打败我们天生的自私自利。一百年前通常是妇女和儿童优先。男人们是坚忍的。在泰坦尼克号上，有足够的时间让这些规范发挥效力。11. According to the author, economists were confused because_。A a Peoples behavior was disorderly on the TitanicB People did not act in their own interest on the TitanicC most men did not act in their own interest on the Lusit

43、ania|D women and children could not climb into the lifeboats【答案】 B。细节题。根据文章第一段中“This behavior is puzzling to economists, who like to believe that people tend to act in their own self interest”，可知，泰坦尼克号上的乘客并没有像经济学家所通常认为的那样站在自私自利的立场行事，所以经济学对此感到困惑。并且，第一段末“There was no pushing”和“very, very orderly behav

44、ior”也印证了泰坦尼克号上的秩序是井然的。12. The expression “won out” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “_”。A. took the upper hand B. went out of controlC. ran wild D. shut down【答案】A。解释单词意思题。根据文章第三段最后一句，可知，在路西塔尼亚号上，大部分幸存者是那些会游泳并且能够逃到救生艇上的人们。这与泰坦尼克号上的情况形成了鲜明的对比，在泰坦尼克号上社会秩序战胜了本能，而在路西塔尼亚号上本能战胜了社会秩序，因此选择 too

45、k the upper hand（占上风，胜出） 。13. According to David Savage, _ was a critical factor in determining peoples behavior in the sinking of these two ships。A. social order B. place C. instinct D. Time【答案】D。细节题。根据关键词 Savage 定位在文章第三段第一句，文章中的“The biggest difference”与题干中的 “a critical factor”对应，表示两艘巨轮沉没的最大不同之处，接下

46、来第三段开始陈述时间上的不同以及由此导致的人们的反应及行为的差异。14. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both ships were expensive ones。B. A similar number of women and children from both ships survived。C. About the same number of people from each ship died。D. Both ships had a similar number of passenge

47、r。【答案】B。细节题。根据第二段末句 “These two ships were both luxury ones”可知 A项描述正确，由“they had a similar number of passengers and a similar number of survivors”可知 C 项和 D 项描述正确。因此选择 B 项。|15. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A. Why Didnt Musicians Play on the Lusitania?B. Why Did Music

48、ians Play on the Titanic?C. Why Didnt Passengers Panic on the Titanic?D. Why Did Men Smoke on the Titanic?【答案】C。主旨题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要通过对泰坦尼克号和路西塔尼亚号沉没的两个事件的对比总结出人们会采取社会规范还是本能自利的方式逃生，泰坦尼克号上的乘客没有恐慌。因此 C 符合文章的主题Part Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. F

49、or each sentence there are four choice marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet。16. Have you ever visited the Summer Palace, _ there are many beautiful halls, ridges and a huge lake?A. which B. that C. where D. When【考点】定语从句引导词【句意】你有没有参观过颐和园，那里有很多走廊，山和一个大湖。【解析】选 C。定语从句中是一个 there be 句型，是一个完整的句子，所以用关系副词where 表示地点。17. Mr Obama will give a speech on the current situation at the meeting _ next week in Beijing。A. to hold