初中时间状语从句语法及~练习(全).doc

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1、1状语从句什么是状语：句子中修饰动词、形容词等的句子成分叫状语，用来从地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式和伴随状况等方面修饰说明谓语。e.g. He speaks English very well.（副词作状语）e.g. He is playing under the tree.（介词短语作状语）e.g. I come specially to see you.（不定式作状语）e.g. If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.（从句作状语）e.g. Having had a quarrel with h

2、is wife,he left home in a bad temper.（分词作状语）状语从句：状语从句就是在复合句里起状语作用的从句，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式、条件等。引导状语从句的连词叫做从属连词。状语从句的位置可以在句首，也可以在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号与主句隔开；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。If its fine tomorrow, I will go with you.I will go with you if its fine tomorrow.状语从句分类： 1、时间状语从句2、地点状语从句3、原因状语从句4、目的状语从句5、结果状

3、语从句6、条件状语从句7、让步状语从句8、比较状语从句9、方式状语从句时间状语从句从属连词： when, while, as, before, after, till/until, since, whenever, as soon as（一就）时态：主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现一、When/while/as（当 时候）2区别：主句动作与从句动作发生的时间（同时/之前 /之后） ；从句动词（延续性/瞬时性）1）When: when 引导时间状语从句时表示“ 当的时候”，when 既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用延续性动词又可用瞬间性动词，且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前

4、或之后发生。且 when 引导的时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时表将来（主将从现） 。e.g. I will call you when I get there.e.g. When I came home my wife was cooking dinner.e.g. I will go home when the rain stops.e.g. When I got to the airport， the guests had left.A）如果 when 引导的时间状语 从句的主语与主句主语相同 ，而从句的谓语又是 be 动词时，那么从句中的主语和 be 可以省略;e.g. When (yo

5、u are) in trouble, ask her for help.B）当 when 引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时，往往还可以省略从句的主语并用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句。e.g. When I came into the room (=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep.2）While while 引导时间状语从句时表示“ 当的时候”，它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行，用于这一用法时 while 引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，或者强调主句的动作发生在

6、从句动作的进行过程中，此时主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词。记住，从句中始终是延续性动词，且从句多用进行时态。（while 还可以表示对比，译成“然而” ，放在句首可以表示“虽然” ）e.g. I met her while I was at school.e.g. While I was sleeping, the UFO arrived.e.g. We were doing our homework while it was raining outside.e.g. Study while you study; play while you play.3）Asas 引导时间状语从句时表示

7、“当时” （只引导瞬间性动词，两个动作是紧密联系的，一前一后进行） ，“一边一边” ，侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个3主语同时进行两个动作)，“随着” ，一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化从句中只能接延续动词。e.g. He jumps as he goes along.e.g. As the wind rose the noise increased.【When, while , as 辨析】三者均可以表示“ 当时候 ”，如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句表示的是延续性动作（主短从延） ，三者可以通用。I met Mr Li as / when / while I was walking

8、 along the street.（1）While 意为“ 在期间”，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词。The plane had left when we got to the airport.（2）表示带有规律性的“每当” ，或者主从句动作有先后时，都只能用 when.When winter comes, it becomes cold.（3）表示“随着 ”时间的推移，主从句的内容是两种变化的情况，只能用 as.As the day went on, the weather got worse.（4）强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，只能用 while.【巩固练习】1）I had just

9、 stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _ I heard the steps.A. while B. when C. since D. after2）He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A. why B. where C. when D. while3）We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.A. when

10、 B. while C. until D. before4） Im going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps?A. As B. While C. Because D. If5）I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _.A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredC. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred答案 BCAB

11、C4二、Before/afterbefore 引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前 ,常翻译为在“ 之前”， “才”或“就”。e.g. See me before you leave.e.g. Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.after 引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后e.g. I saw them after I arrived.e.g. I found his pen after he has left.【巩固练习】He was told th

12、at it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work.A. when B. before C. since D. thatIt was some time _ we realized the truth.A. when B. until C. since D. before三、Till/until/notuntil1、肯定句：till 和 until 这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同，一般可以换用(放在句首时通常用 until 的形式，till 在口语中更为常见)。主句的谓语动词必须

13、是持续性的，表示 “到 为止” ， “直到才(开始)”。 e.g. Walk till you come to a white house.e.g. We didnt discuss the problem until he came back.2、否定句：Not until，主句的谓语动词则为 短暂性的，表示“ 直到才”，若主句谓语动词为延续性动词，根据上下文可表示“没有到”He didnt wait until/ till I returned.他没有等到我回来。not until 的三种用法：1） 用在句中的基本用法e.g. He did not appear until the con

14、cert ended.2）与 that 搭配的强调结构e.g. It was not until the concert ended that he appeared.3）用于句首的倒装结构主句倒装5e.g. Not until the concert ended did he appeared.【巩固练习】1）It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson.A. until B. after C. since D. when2）A good storyteller must be

15、 able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.A. when B. unless C. after D. until3）I dont really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out四、Since Since 引导的时间状语从句表示“ 自从以来”，需注意以下两1） 引导时

16、间状语从句时，一般指的是“从过去的某一时间点以来” 的概念，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。从句用一般过去时，主句用完成时。e.g. I have never seen him again since he left here.e.g. They have been friends ever since they were in school.2） 若表示到过去某一时间前的情况，则主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。通搭配为 it was+时间段+since 过去完成时或 it is+时间段+since 过去时e.g. It is two years since I became a postgra

17、duate student.e.g. It was three years since we had been there.3）延续性动词相反翻译，瞬间性动词正常翻译It is three years since I smoked a cigar. 我不抽烟三年了。It is three years since I left there. 我离开那里已经三年了。【巩固练习】 1）They _ friends since they met in Shanghai.A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned2） What was

18、the party like? Wonderful. Its been 2 years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. before C. when D. since65、 “一就”as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner than，hardly/ scarcelywhen和 once 1）as soon as表示对将来事情进行推测（用一般现在时表示将来）对过去事情进行陈述，表示两个动作同时进行或一前一后2

19、）no soonerthan和 hardlywhen因为没有表达一种条件性，只能对过去事情进行陈述时态方面：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时倒装同时满足三点：否定词提前、主倒从不倒、部分倒装（be 、助、情提到主语之前） 。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我一到家天就下起雨来。【课后练习】78英语时间状语从句讲解与练习（一）when, while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法一、when 的用法如果只从现象来看，when 从句用的最多的是一般过去

20、时，而主句的时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定。1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。 2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起，你打电话来的时候我出去了。5. He was on

21、the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走，这时有人敲门。 6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候，我也想到了。7. I had hardlyscarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. 我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。 根据以上的例句，我们可以总结出一点：when 从句的 A 事件，相当于另一个事件 B 发生的时间点。也就是说，when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状

22、态，而只是把它作为一个时间点，所以 when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时，则不用正在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时，它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。根据这一点，有的文章补充说：when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。实际上，when 从句也可以有其它的时态，但几乎也不用进行时，因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例如：1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完

23、成作业后，他休息了一会儿。 93. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it. 在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。 5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, Ill talk with him about this. 下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。 二、while 的用

24、法相比于 when 来说， while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，它的意思是：当 while 事件正在发生的时候，另一件事如何如何。所以，while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求，根据具体情况而定。例如：1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当妻子正在看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。3

25、. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。4. You cant do your homework while youre watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。 5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 约翰坐在那里咬指甲时，我正在制定一个回家的计划。 从时间的角度来看，while 表示的是一段时间，是一个过程。这是 while 的侧重点。因此，如果含有“ 一段时间 ”的含

26、义的时候，就可以用 while。6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。这句话中，是说趁着铁是热的这段时间，赶紧打铁。如果换成 when 意思就变了，相当于说铁只热了一下，打一下，然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。再例：Im going to the post office. While youre there, can you get me some stamps? 三、as 的用法as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是，as 从句用的一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“边 边

27、” 。例如：1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks. 当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。 2. The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来越兴奋。 4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。5. Just as he caught the ba

28、ll, there was a tearing sound. 当他抓住球的时候，有一种撕裂的声音。 as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as 只是一个次要的时间说明，不像 while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻译成“随着”之意。例如：1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕。102. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。 3. As year

29、s go by，China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。 少数情况下，如果强调动作正在发生，as 从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算是特例了。1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫喊。 2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正当我们出门时，雪开始下起来。3. He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡觉，他进来

30、了。四、when, while, as 的互换如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as 可以互换使用。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 dance 为延续性动词2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 make 为延续性动词3. While/When/ As I was walking down the st

31、reet, I noticed a police car in front of the bank. 我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。五、比较 while, when, as1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我刹车后，有一个人向我走来。 2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用 when 引导这个从句，不可用 as 或 while。例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a

32、 rest. 干完活后，你可以休息一下。 3）从句表示“ 随时间推移 ”连词能用 as，不用 when 或 while。例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。 （二）before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句1Before 是主句动作发生在从句的前面。注意 before 引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当 before 引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才” 。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果 before 引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成

33、时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。2After 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before 引导的从句相反。例如： It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。 They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。 After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你