大学英语六级作文补充讲义.doc

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1、大学英语六级作文补充讲义一四大主力题型1.观点对比选择型 （列举原因，利弊，及选择）2.现象阐释型 （现状，原因，个人理解）3.问题解决型 （现状，原因，我的建议）4.观点论证型 （寓意，举例，我的建义）二十一种功能段落形式（一） 起始段1话题引出段 2。现状说明段 3。图画图表说明段（二） 拓展段1观点列举段 2。利弊说明段 3。举例说明段 4。原因列举段 5。寓意阐释段（三） 结尾段1归纳结论段 2。预测趋势段 3。建议措施段 三文章谋篇布局策略 文章的开头良好的文章开头，可以吸引读者的注意力，达到事半功倍的效果。主题句法：B. 问题法：C. 数据法：。引语法：。定义法 文章的结尾简明扼要

2、，中心突出的结尾能够给读者留下深刻的印象。重复主题：。概括结论（可用格言谚语或习语总结全文）：。提出愿望或期望（可提出设问或反问）：。强调意义： 文章的段落。段落中的主题句（即全文的次主句“subtopic”）写好段落主题句三原则： 有说明段落中心思想的内容。 有体现中心思想的关键词。 使用简明扼要的句子，避免用过于简单的单句。.段落中的支持句和主题句的一致性(unity)段落中的主题句应该概括全段意思，其他句子则围拢主题句加以阐明，补充或论证。这种补充意义的句子称为支持句（supporting sentence）。支持句的原则是与主题句保持一致，发展主题句的中心思想，为中心思想服务。这种主题

3、句和支持句在意义上的统一就是段落的一致性。.段落中的支持句的表现形式支持句的表现形式可以是论证，举例，引证，定义，比较，分类，类比等.段落中句子的开头多样化除了紧扣主题句外，句子开头词性的多样化和句型的多样化是对英语掌握较为熟练的标志，也是取得较高分数的重要手段之一。考生只要在写作短文的过程中，“有意识”地注意句子开头词性的多样化，并紧扣主题，尽量避免语法和词法等各方面的错误，是可望取得短文写作高分的。为了使读者更清楚地理解句子开头词性的多样性和句型的多样性，下面拟比较两段文字。一段是句子开头单词，句型单一，且基本意思相同。另一段句子开头的词性较为多样化，句型也有一定变化。不同的句子采用不同的

4、开头 以副词或状语从句开头 介词短语或过去分词短语开头 同位语或独立结构开头 连词，连接副词或过渡性短语开头.段落内部及段落之间注意连贯性(coherence)1. 按时间先后顺序(chronological order),主要见于记叙和说明文。2. 按空间先后顺序（descriptive order）主要见于描写和记叙文。3. 按演绎法次序(deduction),即从总体概念到具体情节，主要见于论说文和说明文中。4. 按归纳法次序(induction),即从具体细节到总体概念或结论，主要见于论说文，说明文中。5. 按比较法次序（comparison and contras），主要见于说明文，

5、记叙文中。四考研高分作文语言闪光点用词追求的目标1准度 (Accuracy)2宽度 (Variety)3难度 (Difficulty)4亮度 (Splendor)五范文评析与欣赏Do “Lucky Number” Really Bring Good Luck?Conventional wisdom about lucky numbers seems pretty much justifiable and well grounded. Specifically, the number “6”, as they strongly believe, is closely associated wit

6、h smoothness in the Chinese culture. Somewhat interestingly, the number “8” goes in rhythm with “fa”, a Chinese character which is supposed to mean prosperity. A coincidence, isnt it? There is in this sense a note of irony in their assumption that the otherwise meaningless numbers are labeled with a

7、ssociative meanings respectively, be it good or bad. A striking example of the significance of the number “8” manifests itself in the fact that a significant portion of the public endeavor to snap up as many “8” as possible for their mobile phones numbers, disregarding of the cost they may entail. A

8、s is distinct from the above, the number “13”, a long-held synonym of ominousness in the eyes of most westerners, seems plaguing them. For this reason most westerners are repulsive at it, making a point of avoiding having anything important done on such days. In my eyes, I see a quite different pict

9、ure. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with the diverse interpretations of the symbolic meanings of the so-called lucky numbers, I feel secure to draw a conclusion that numbers have no direct link with luck. Admittedly, superstition has it that numbers like a magic stick assume a mag

10、ical power, may either bring people with good luck, success, or the other way around. Nevertheless, so far we havent found any scientific basis for them. Hence, the view that luck arising from lucky numbers should be given priority over painstaking effort sounds absurd, or rather cant even hold wate

11、r. Anyone with a little wisdom will never believe that a day-dreamer can embrace success who desperately pins his hope on a lucky number, while a diligent man with much confidence and a will of iron cantIn short, lucky number cant really bring people good luck. What really matters is that through ha

12、rd and painstaking effort can you be honored to be a lucky dog.A Rolling Stone Really Gathers No Moss? We are now living in a modern society where the competition on the job markets is raging on, with graduates and job-hunters in all walks of life scrambling for their desired jobs. Against this cont

13、ext, the relatively ample job opportunities turn it into a reality for people to go in for job-hopping. However, no consensus has been made as far as different people are concerned. Some people give a frown of disapproval to job-hunting, insisting that changing jobs involves risks and uncertainties.

14、 On the contrary, holding on to the jobs means security. Suffice it to say that the chances of being promoted and entitled to welfare after retire are not slim at tall.As opposed to the above view, others favor switching from one job to another at regular intervals. There is a growing tendency towar

15、d changing jobs as more job opportunities are created along with the emerging markets, claim other people. They go on to say that changing jobs enables people to have more opportunities to actualizing their book knowledge and newly-acquired skills than might otherwise have been lost. Vigor and incen

16、tive in turn is aroused in their new employment As a result, rather than confining themselves to their long-life jobs, they opt for a change in jobs, particularly as their working conditions call on.Thus, the so-called rule of thumbs “A rolling stone gathers no moss” falls flat against the large wav

17、e of people hunting for desired jobs. In their minds, a promising job involves more chances to fulfill oneself and live up to his or her ambition.In my view, we young people should channel our ambition to the needs of society. There is no blinking the fact that changing jobs has shown its increasing

18、 apparent urgency. An insistence on one job will bring with you, undoubtedly, a monotonous life. Instead, job-hopping will add more fun to your otherwise humdrum life. In the final analysis, one thing should be borne in our mind : Dont go too easy with job-changing.My View on Fake CommoditiesAlong w

19、ith the prosperity of emerging markets come the fake commodities. Well-exposed instances of purchasing fake or shoddy commodities are echoing in our ears.There is no denying the fact that fake commodities do harm to people. A case in point is an innocent patient died from taking some fake pills as p

20、rescribed by the doctor, who, unfortunately, had not held in doubt the quality of the given pills. The bare fact drops us a hint that fake commodities in most cases exert devastating effects on peoples properties, even claim peoples lives.It is high time that drastic measures should be taken to hold

21、 them in check. Governments, first of all, should make laws to severely punish those illegal manufactures and even wage a campaign against them. Public awareness, on the other hand, of the fake commodities should be sharpened, which would leave the manufactures no room to survive. In final analysis,

22、 joint efforts among the individuals at large will surely prevail over the once-prevalent evil, a tumor to the detriment of people.Reading Selectively or ExtensivelyWhen it comes to reading, a divergence in opinions arises. Some people maintain that people should adopt a selective way of reading. Tw

23、o reasons justify their saying so. For one thing, we are now living in a computer-based information age where people are bombarded with information, say, from books. For another, an ignorance of the types of books will, in most cases, lead people astray. To make things worse, it will harm people phy

24、sically and mentally. A well-exposed example of this kind is that some people have gone so far as to commit crimes and so on. Others favor reading in an extensive way. Modern people, in their assertion, if they confine themselves to books of one or two sorts, their scope will narrowed and creatively

25、 stifled. Conversely, if they lay their hands on books available to them, they will in all likelihood tailor themselves to keeping the same pace with the current society characteristic of competition. In a word, the above reasons speak volumes for their assumption.If you want my opinion, I will give

26、 my vote to the former. Strong evidence stands in my side that Francis Bacon, a renowned British philosopher once remarked, “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.” How I Finance My College EducationThe ever-increasing number of enrollment of col

27、lege students across China has rendered the government ridden with a heavy burden. As a result, it is advisable to adopt diversified measures to crack the hard nut. Good solutions to this problem have found its way in financing the college education. Against this context, the total expenses involvin

28、g tuition, fees, living allowances rest heavily on the households and students.In the following paragraph, I venture to come up with three feasible solutions. To begin with, you can relieve yourself of financial burden by struggling to win the scholarships. Next, you may turn to the government for a

29、 loan to support your 4-year program at a college, which can be repaid after your graduation. Last but not least, you will avail your leisure time to do a part-time job to word through your college.So far as I am concerned, priority is given to assuming a part-time job considering the fact that I wa

30、s born into a poor family. For one thing, I can broaden my horizon and apply my expertise to actual practice; for another, I can be independent and self-reliant with my handsome income.六. Practical writing Letters: Private /business letter Business letter: a letter of recommendation a letter of appl

31、ication a letter of complaint The ABCs of a letter *Structure:(1) heading (2)Inside address (3)Salutation (4)Body (5)Closing (signature)*Five Elements:1 开门见山说意图 2 咨询一二三3 不同方面可分段4 期待回信成老套5 感谢答案不能少I am writing this letter to apply to study at your university / to apply for a vacancy in your company /

32、in response to your advertisement in Shanghai Daily on December-. I would like to apply for a vacancy in your company.1) I would be grateful (to you) if you could / would be-2) Your prompt / timely reply will be greatly appreciated. (very much)3) I would be too much obliged to you / indebted to you

33、if you could.4) I would be indebted to you if you could-关于as regardswith / in regard to with reference to regarding concerninginvolving with / in aspect to 结尾：个人信函: yours ever, faithfully yours, with love商业信函: yours faithfully, yours sincerely, yours respectfully, yours ever整个文章的格式：1 齐头式2 缩进式感谢客气套语：

34、1) if you need further information, please contact- at your earliest convenience. Thank you in advance for your attention ( to my request / letter)2) if you should require further information, I shall be happy to provide it. I would welcome the opportunity to have a personal interview.3) If you need

35、 further information, please contact me at your earliest convenience. Thank you.七. 四大主力题型引言段1 观点对比选择Topic: where to live in the city or in the country. Outline: 1)advantages of living in the city; 2) advantages of living in the country; 3) my choice (air you view and make a selection)2 现象阐释型Topic: False promiseOutline: 1) describe the background; 2) dig out the possible causes / factors; 3) predict solution3 问题解决型Topic: The project hope Outline: 1) current situation; 2) reason; 3) suggestion / solution4 观点论证型