大学英语四级核心词汇.doc

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1、Day4 词组在四六级词汇中同样占有很大的比重,尤其是介词词组。介词,搭配力特别强,可用来表示种种不同的意思,大部分的习用语都是由介词和其他词构成的,熟练掌握词组也是攻克四级词组的重要法宝。介词的用法是比较复杂的,要掌握得下很大的功夫,但不是说我们要将见到的介词词组都背下来,而是首先要了解一些主要介词的基本意思,将其作为一个立脚点,在结合与其搭配的词,推断出词组的正确意义。为此,我们将介词的基本含义列出,并配有例句,请大家在理解的基础上,准确记忆。at 在(某地点,某个场合):Lets meet at the station. 咱们车站见吧。 在(某时刻、时间、阶段等):Dinner was

2、at one oclock. 一点钟开饭。 表示价格、速度、数量等:This was sold at $20 a pound. 这东西售价是二十美金一磅。at most至多 at least至少at present现在 at a loss 茫然,不知所措at a time 一次,每次 at all 丝毫(不),一点也不at all costs 不惜一切代价 at all events 不管怎样,无论如何at all times 随时,总是 at any rate 无论如何,至少at best 充其量,至多 at first 最初,起先at first sight 乍一看,初看起来 at han

3、d 在手边,在附近at heart 内心里,本质上 at home 在家,在国内at intervals 不时,每隔 at large 大多数,未被捕获的at least 至少 at last 终于at length 最终,终于 at most 至多,不超过at no time 从不,决不 at one time 曾经,一度;同时at present 目前,现在 at sbs disposal 任处理at the cost of 以为代价 at the mercy of 任凭摆布at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度at times 有时,间或 prior

4、to 在之前all at once 突然,同时卡片一alter v. 改变,改动,变更alterable adj. 可改变的,可改动的alternate v. 使交替,使轮流 adj. 交替的,轮流的alteration n. 改变,变动alternative adj. 两者挑一的burst vi. & n. 爆裂 突然发生blast n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉,毁灭dispose vi. 除掉,处置,解决,处理expose v. 使暴露,使曝光 v. 揭露impose v. 强加;强迫,欺骗,施影响consume v. 消耗,耗尽(巧计)consumer n. 消费者split v.

5、 劈开,割裂,分裂(splitting split) n. 裂口,裂缝spit v. 吐,吐出 (spitting, spat或spit) n. 口水spill v. 洒 溢出,溅出, 倒出(spilling, spilt或spilled)slip v. (slipping, slipped) 滑动,滑落 忽略 滑落 跌跤 口误,笔误slipper n. 拖鞋slide v. 滑动,滑落(sliding, slid) n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片slide over 略过,回避slide into 不知不觉地陷入,逐渐陷入bacteria n. 细菌breed n. 种类,类型(多指人) n. 种

6、,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔(breeding, bred)budget n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排candidate n. 候选人,应聘者campus n. 校园liberal adj. 慷慨的 丰富的 自由的liberate v. 解放,释放liberty n. 自由,特权liberalism n. 自由主义transform v. 转变,变革 变换transformer n. 变压器transformation n. 转变,变换,变革transport vt. 运输,运送n. 运输,运输工具transaction n. 业务,交易transplant v. 移植shift v. 转移;

7、转动,转变 变换位置;改变方向vary v. 变化,改变,使多样化various adj. 不同的,各种各样的variable adj. 可变化的,易变的variance n. 不同,变动variant adj. 差异的,变化的variation n. 变化,变动vanish vi. 消灭,不见swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心above suspicion 无可置疑under suspicion 受到怀疑suspicious adj. 怀疑的,可疑的mild adj. 温暖的,暖和的 温柔的,味淡的tender adj. 温柔的,脆弱的nuisa

8、nce n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)insignificant adj. 无意义的,无足轻重的,无价值的sign n. 记号,标记signify v. 表示,意味着significant adj. 重大的,具有特殊意义的significance n. 意义,重要性insignificance n. 无意义,无关重要 低微accelerate vt. 加速,促进deceleration n. 减速acceleration n. 加速,加速度absolute adj. 绝对的,无条件的,完全的absolutely adv. 完全地,绝对地boundary n. 分界线,边界 界限,范围br

9、ake vi. 刹车 n.(常用pl)制动装置,刹车catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目录vague adj. 模糊的,不明确的,不确定的vain n. 徒劳,白费。in vain 徒然,枉然vainness n. 无益vainly adv. 徒劳地extinct adj. 绝灭的,耗尽的 熄灭的,不再燃烧的,不再活跃的extraordinary adj. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的extreme adj. 极度的,极端的 n. 极端,过分in the extreme 极,非常agent n. 代理人,代理商a travel agent 旅行代理商a secret agent 密探经纪人

10、house agent 房产经纪人agency n. 代理商,经销商alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精brandy n. 白兰地酒whisky n. 威士忌酒liquor n. 烈性酒appeal n. & vi. 呼吁,恳求 n. 恳求an appeal for forgiveness 恳求原谅to appeal for aid 求助appreciate vt. 感激,感谢 重视,赏识,欣赏appreciation n. 感谢,感激,正确评价,欣赏,增值appreciative adj. 欣赏的,有欣赏力的,表示感激的,承认有价值的appreciator n. 了解真价者,鉴赏者app

11、rove v. 赞成,同意,批准stimulate vt. 刺激,激励stimulating adj. 刺激的,有刺激性的stimulation n. 激励,鼓舞,刺激stimulative adj. 刺激的,激励的,促进的acquire vt. 取得,获得,学到require vt. 需要,要求和命令acquirement n. 成绩;造诣,学到的东西accomplish vt. 完成,到达;实行;要求,命令accomplishment n. 完成,到达accomplishable adj. 可达成的,可完成的network n. 网状物;电视网;网络tide n. 潮流,潮汐;时期tidy

12、 adj. 整洁的,整齐的 可观的trace vt. 追踪,找到 n. 痕迹,踪迹torture n. & vt. 拷打,折,痛苦,使弯曲wander vi. 漫游,闲逛wax n. 蜡 vi. 上蜡于beeswax n. 蜂蜡weave v. 织,编preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂disuse v. 不使用ill-use v. 虐待苛待ill-usage n. 虐待academic adj. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的academy n.(高等)专科院校;学会battery n. 电池(组)barrier n. 障碍;栅栏cargo n.(船

13、、飞机等装载的)货物Day5 练习一 连线题(找出单词所对应的英文解释)1. alter A vt. To be thankful or show gratitude for2. dispose B vt. To follow the course or trail of; To locate or discover by searching orresearching evidence; n. A visible mark, such as a footprint, made or left by thepassage of a person, an animal, or a thing.3

14、. liberal C v. To change markedly the appearance or form of; To change the nature,function, or condition of; convert.4. transform D n. & adj. An earnest or urgent request, entreaty, or supplication.5. vary E v. To make or cause changes in the characteristics or attributes of; To change ormake differ

15、ent; modify.6. insignificant F n. Something that indicates a border or limit; The border or limit so indicated7. boundary G adj. Not limited to or by established, traditional, orthodox, or authoritarianattitudes, views, or dogmatics; free from bigotry.8. appeal H v. To put (business affairs, for exa

16、mple) into correct, definitive, or conclusiveform.; vt. To place or set in a particular order; arrange.9. appreciate I adj. Not significant, especially; Lacking in importance; trivial; Lacking power,position, or value; worthy of little regard.10. trace J v. modify or alter; To give variety to; make

17、diverse.【Key】1. E 2. H 3. G 4. C 5. J 6. I 7. F 8. D 9. A 10. B练习二 选择(历年真题)1. The hopes, goals, fears and desires widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.A. vary B. transfer C. alter D. shift2. In a sudden of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A. blast B. split C. att

18、ack D. burst3. In Britain people four million tons of potatoes every year.A. exhaust B. consume C. dispose D. swallow4. Dont let the opportunity away from you.A. disappear B. go C. slip D. glide5. When he heard the bad news, the glass from his hand and fell into pieces.A. slid B. slipped C. skimmed

19、d. stripped6. It took him several months to the wild horse. (1995.6)A. tend B. cultivate C. breed D. tame7. Not only students, but also professors like having a walk on the every evening.A. faculty B. campus C. kindergarten D. guidance8. The words of his old teacher left a impression on his mind. He

20、 is still influenced by them.A. liberal B. long C. lively D. lasting9. Some diseases are by certain water animals.A. transported B. transmitted C. transformed D. transplanted10. One minute Pierce was by my side, the next he had into the crowd.A. faded B. vanished C. entered D. dissolved11. She cooke

21、d the meat for a long time so as to make it enough to eat.A. light B. tender C. slight D. mild12. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough .A. trouble B. nuisance C. worry D. anxiety13. The computer revolution may well change society as as did the industrial revolution.A. fu

22、ndamentally B. comparatively C. insignificantly D. certainly14. He was after one year of hard work.A. accelerated B. promoted C. hastened D. advanced15. The police have proof that he was the murderer.A. complete B. absolute C. prefect D. sure16. The thief tried to open the locked door but .A. in no

23、way B. in vain C. without effect D. at a loss17. The relationship between employers and employees has been studied .A. originally B. extremely C. violently D. intensively18. She is not a good actress, but she gets a lot of roles to play because she has a good .A. agent B. director C. deputy D. repre

24、sentative19. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply .A. appealed B. appreciated C. applied D. approved20. John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life, that a person learns by doing, and that teaching must the curiosity and creativity of childen.A. seek B.

25、 stimulate C. shape D. secure21. If you want to know the train schedule, please at the booking office.A. acquire B. inquire C. request D. require22. The project by the end of 2000,will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. (1999.6)A. being accomplished B. to be accomplishedC.

26、accomplished D. having been accomplished23. After the guests left, she spent half an hour the sitting-room. (1996.6)A. arranging B. tidying up C. ordering D. clearing away24. The tomato juice left brown on the front of my jacket. (1999.1)A. spot B. point C. track D. trace25. When you write an essay,

27、 please remember not to off the point.A. wander B. interrupt C. leave D. drop26. A belief in magic still among some tribes.A. prevails B. preserves C. misleads D. restores27. It has been revealed that some government leaders their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.A. emplo

28、y B. take C. abuse D. overlook28. Drinking tea at 4 p.m. is a popular British .A. favourite B. institute C. institution D. academy29. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful in the market.A. barracks B. batteries C. baskets D. bargains【Key】1. A 人的希望、目标

29、、恐惧和欲望因性别、贫富而异。2. D 一怒之下,他把能够得着的东西都撕掉了。3. B 英国人每年吃掉四百万吨土豆。4. C 别让机会从你身边溜走。5. B 一听到这个坏消息,杯子从他手中滑落到了地上,摔碎了。6. D 驯服这匹马花了他几个月的时间。7. B 学生和教授都喜欢傍晚在校园散步。8. D 老教师的话在他心中留下了永久的印象,依然影响着他。9. B 有些疾病是通过水中的动物来传染的。10. B 皮尔斯刚才在我身边,一忽儿便消失在人群里了。11. B 为了使肉够嫩好吃,她煮了很长时间。12. B 厨房里总是有很多蚂蚁,讨厌死了。13. A 电子计算机革命可能会像工业革命一样使社会发生根

30、本性变化。14. B 他勤奋工作一年后得到晋升。15. B 警方掌握了确切的证据证明他是凶杀。16. B 那个贼企图把上了锁的门打开,但却是徒劳。17. D 已经深入地研究过雇主和雇员之间的关系。18. A 她不是个出色的演员但她却有许多角色要演,因为她有一位出色的代理人。19. B 我们非常喜欢作为礼物送给我们的那些珍贵的图书。20. B 约翰?杜威认为:教育应该是为生活做准备的,人要通过行动来学习,教学要激发儿童的求知欲和创造力。21. B 如果想知道列车时刻表请到售票处查询。22. B 这项工程将于2000年底完成,它将扩展城市的电话网,可容纳100万用户。23. B 客人走后她花了一个

31、小时整理起居室。24. A 番茄汁在我夹克的前面留下了棕色的斑点。25. A 写文章时注意不要跑题。26. A 对巫术的迷信仍在一些部落里盛行。27. C 据透露有些政府领导人滥用职权为自己谋取非法利益。28. C 英国流行下午四点喝下午茶的风俗习惯。29. D 有人愿意在星期天去购物因为想在市场里买到便宜货。day6 1. career kE5riEA lateral move that hurt my feelings and blocked my professional progress, promoted me to abandon my relatively high profil

32、e career.【全真测试】A. 生活 B. 生涯 C. 处境【译 文】一次侧面的打击伤害了我的感情,阻碍了我事业的发展,使我放弃了我那分引人注目的工作。【四级词义】n. 生涯,职业【巧 记】汽车(car)的职业生涯是(eer)。【真题例句】 career diplomats; a career criminal.【Key】 职业外交官; 职业罪犯2. vessel 5veslIn earliest times, the most important art forms were jade carving and the bronze vessel, often made for buria

33、l in tombs.【全真测试】A. 器皿 B. 机器 C. 电器【译 文】在人类早期最重要的艺术形式是通常放到墓室的玉雕和青铜器。【四级词义】n. 器皿;容器【巧 记】船舶的两头放着v形容器和l形的血管,中间是对称的esse。【词义扩展】n. 船舶;血管 There were many vessels in the harbor today. 今天港口有许多船只。a blood vessel 血管3. vertical 5vE:tikElOn the vertical exterior surface of the outer ring, 3800 solar cells are moun

34、ted on panels to convert the suns energy to electrical power.【全真测试】A. 垂直的 B. 倾斜的 C. 颠倒的【译 文】在外环空间的垂直外部表面上,有3800个太阳能电池被镶嵌在嵌板上,将太阳能转化为电力。【四级词义】adj. 垂直的【例 句】Walls are usually vertical. 墙通常是垂直的。4. oblige E5blaidVI am obliged to you for your gracious hospitality.【全真测试】A. 感动 B. 感谢 C. 迫使【译 文】我很感谢你的热情好客。【四级

35、词义】vt. 使感谢或感激【名师导学】此词在选择和完形填空中以四级词义辨析出现,请注意这两层意思。(见练习)【词义扩展】v. 迫使,责成 oblige to do 迫使做某事5. obscure Eb5skjuEDuring the last month of 1967, the soundness, obscure lyrics(抒情诗), and often formally chaotic sounds of “acid-rock” dominated popular music.【全真测试】A. 清楚的 B. 详细的 C. 模糊的【译 文】1967年的最后一个月,这种声音,模糊的抒情诗

36、,经常以无序的声音出现的“迷幻音乐”主导了流行音乐。【四级词义】adj. 阴暗的,模糊的【词性变化】vt. (obscuring, obscured)使暗,使不明显 Smog obscured our view. 烟雾模糊了我们的视野。6. extent iks5tentIf they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach(说教),their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for t

37、hemselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.(1998.1)【全真测试】A. 程度 B. 情况 C. 环境【译 文】如果他们不真诚且不按他们的说教来实行,他们的孩子将在迷惑中成长,当他们长大到能自己思考时候,他们会在情感上感到不安全,还会意识到自己在某种程度上被愚弄了。【四级词义】n. 程度,范围【巧 记】ex-(外)+tent(帐篷)=在帐篷外是范围不同的一大片地区【词义扩展】一大片(地区)an extent of desert 一片辽阔的沙漠【名师导学】此词是一重点词,除在词汇选择和完型填空中以词义辨析出现外(见练

38、习),在阅读中出现次数也较多。7. exterior eks5tiEriEThe exterior structure of the architecture is perfect.【全真测试】A. 里面的 B. 国内的 C. 外面的【译 文】这幢建筑的外部结构是完美的。【四级词义】adj. 外部的,外表的【巧 记】exter-(外)+ior(名词后缀)【词性变化】n. 外部、外表8. external eks5tE:nlExternal causes become operative through internal causes.【全真测试】A. 家里的 B. 外部的 C. 内部的【译 文

39、】外因通过内因而起作用。【四级词义】adj. 外部的,外表的,外面的【巧 记】exter-(外)+nal(形容词后缀)9. petrol petrElPetrol production was continuing to decline in the former Soviet Union and in the United States and remain low in Iraq, where a United Nations embargo on oil exports was still in effect.【全真测试】A. 天然气 B. 汽油 C. 石油【译 文】前苏联和美国的石油产

40、量在继续下降,伊拉克的石油产量也保持一个较低的水平,而联合国对伊拉克的石油出口限制禁令仍然有效。【四级词义】n. 汽油(gasoline)【巧 记】pet(宠物)吃掉roll(卷形物)的一个l后,变成了石油。10. delay di5leiIm sorry for the delay, and our technician will have the michine fixed as quickly as possible.【全真测试】A. 出事 B. 延误 C. 提前【译 文】很抱歉耽误大家,我们的技术人员将尽快将机器修好。【四级词义】vt. & n. 推迟,延误,耽搁【巧 记】de(向相反

41、方向发展)+lay(躺,放置)=躺着不起来,就会耽误,延误事情。【名师导学】此词在词汇选择题中出现较多(见练习)11. decay di5keiDr. Li of the U.S Department of Agriculture, have found that oranges can be prevented from decaying by the use of certain chemicals containing sulfur compounds.【全真测试】A. 发展 B. 腐蚀 C. 衰退【译 文】美国农业部的李博士发现橙子能够阻止因使用含硫的特定化合物而引起的腐蚀。【四级词义

42、】v. 腐烂,腐蚀,分解;衰退,衰落【巧 记】de-(向相反方向发展)+cay(珊瑚)=由于人们违背(de)自然珊瑚岛衰落了。12. decent 5di:sntMy friend Ling has no education so its hard for her to find a decent job and earn enough money for her family.【全真测试】A. 舒服的 B. 体面的 C. 合适的【译 文】我们朋友玲没有受过教育,因此对于她来说找一个体面的工作并赚钱来养家是困难的。【四级词义】adj. 体面的,像样的【巧 记】de-(向相反方向发展) + ce

43、nt(分) =decent 少花一分钱就会很像样的,体面的【词义扩展】adj. 相当好的、像样的 He made a decent record. 他成绩尚佳。13. route ru:tIf you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training.(2003.9)【全真测试】A. 建议 B. 方法 C. 道路【译 文】如果你确定的知道你想要的,那么找工作最好的方法是接受专业的训练。【四级词义】n. 渠道,(一种达到目的的)方法【词义扩展】n. 路,路线14. ruin 5ru

44、:inBut it doesnt have to ruin your life.(2003.12)【全真测试】A. 毁坏 B. 丰富 C. 培养【译 文】但你没有必要毁了你的生活。【四级词义】 v. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭【巧 记】天不下雨(rain)下油(u),它把地球毁坏成一片废墟。【词义扩展】pl.ruins废墟 He studied the ruins of ancient Greece. 他研究古希腊遗迹。15. sake seikOurs is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truths sake, and that is as far as possible do no harm.【全真测试】A. 维持 B. 缘故 C. 事情【译 文】我们的职业传统上恪守一个信条,那就是尽可能的不造成伤害,这是胜过一个为

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