V-ing 的非谓语动词用法.doc

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1、V-ing 的非谓语动词用法教师版(2011-01-06 11:46:07)转载标签：杂谈V-ing 在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。现将其可以充当的句子成分列表对照如下: 一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如:1. 作主语、表语 动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如:Toms not having finished his homework made his teacher angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生气.(主语)Her job i

2、s keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语)2. 作宾语 动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, cant help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop.from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。如:Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗?3. 作定语 动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作

3、用。如:Dont forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。二、V-ing作现在分词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如:1. 作定语 现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如:The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语。如:The song being broadcast is very popu

4、lar with the young students. 正在播放的歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎。现在分词与动名词作定语的区别:现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动名词作定语表示作用与用途。如:Let sleeping dogs lie. 别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句 which are sleeping)I think some sleeping pills may help you. 我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词.表示用途,相当于pills for sleeping)2. 作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very, so或much等修饰

5、。如:The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising. 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。The sound we heard last night was so frightening. 我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖。现在分词作表语与现在分词用于进行时态表达的意义是不同的.作表语,说明主语具备的性质,描述的是一种状态;而与助动词be构成现在进行时态和过去进行时态则强调动作正在发生,侧重对动作的描述。试比较:Mr. Zhang is encouraging his stud

6、ents to study English thoroughly. 张老师在鼓励学生们学好英语.The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。3. 作宾语补足语 动词的现在分词作宾补表明宾语正在进行的动作。可以带现在分词作宾补的动词有find, see, hear, watch, have, get, catch, keep, leave等。如:When I came in, I found him lying in bed. 我进来时发现他躺在床上。4. 作状语 现在分词作状语可以表示伴随、原因、条件、结果等。如:All the students sat in t

7、he classroom, waiting for their new teacher to come. 所有的学生都坐在教室里等待新老师的到来。 (伴随)Not having received his reply, she decided to write a second letter. (由于)没有收到他的回信,她决定再写一封。 (原因)Seeing from the top of the hill, you can find the city more beautiful. (如果)从小山顶上看,你会发现这座城市更美丽。(条件)My parents went to a birthday

8、 party yesterday, leaving me alone at home. 昨天我父母去参加一个生日舞会,留下我一个人在家。(结果)值得注意的是,现在分词作状语时如果句中主语不是自己的逻辑主语,也可以带自己的主语,构成独立主格结构.此外, 现在分词也可以用在with的复合结构中表示其逻辑主语是分词动作的发出者。如:Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow. 如果明天天气允许的话,我们将去野餐。(独立主格结构)With a guide leading the way, we found the village e

9、asily. 由于有向导引路,我们轻易就找到了那个村庄。(含with的复合结构作状语)实践演练:D1. -You are brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. have done D. having doneB2. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. who prepars B. preparing C. pr

10、epared D. was preparingC3.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having added B. to add C. adding D. addedC4. _ your homework, you mustnt listen to the music.A. When do B. When to do C. When doing D. When you doingB5. _ the idiom, he l

11、ooked it up in the dictionary.A. Not learning B. Never having learned C. Having learned D. Having been learnedA6. It rained heavily, _ severe (严重的) flooding in the country.A. causing B. to cause C. caused D. being causedD7. Any driver _ a license ought to be punished.A. doesnt have B. having no C. h

12、as not D. not havingV-ing形式可以用作句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语等。是历年高考题的考查热点。现选录部分高考题供练习。I.单项选择：( ) 1. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _Sorry to miss you; will call later.A. read B. reads C. to readD. readingD。 reading在这里意为内容是，上面写着。限制性定语。相当于which reads.。( ) 2. The salesman scolded the gi

13、rl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealingD。 catch sb.doing sth. /sb. be caught doing sth.撞上某人/某人被撞上在做某事，是常用句型。( ) 3. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smokedB。 find sb. doing sth./ sb. be fo

14、und doing sth.发现某人/某人被发现在做某事，是常用句型。( ) 4. The secretary worked late into the night_a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing( ) 5. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having added B. to a

15、dd C. adding D. added( ) 6. Cant you read? Mary said to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing4-6 B，C，A。 V-ing形式作伴随状语，与谓语动作同时发生。其逻辑主语是句子的主语。( ) 7. European football is played in 80 countries, _it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. m

16、akesC. made D. to makeA。 V-ing形式作结果状语。 making可以改成which makes.。 which代替主句内容，是making的逻辑主语。( ) 8. Autumn _ on the leaves on the trees began falling.A. coming B. come C. comesD. was comingA。n./pron.+V-ing形式构成独立主格结构。 用作状语，表时间、原因、条件等。这一句可以改成：When autumn came on.。( ) 9. In parts of Asia you must not sit wi

17、th your feet _ at another person.A. pointed B. pointing C. points D. to be pointingB。 with+宾语+V-ing形式构成with的复合结构，作状语，表动作在进行。feet是pointing的逻辑主语。( ) 10. She didnt remember _ him before.A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having metA。 forget, regret, remember等后接V-ing形式一般式或完成式，表动作已经发生；若接动词不定式一般式，

18、则表示动作尚未发生。( ) 11. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right.A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you knowB。V-ing形式的否定式是not doing.。( ) 12. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D

19、. to have sailed( ) 13. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling( ) 14. How about two of us _ a walk down the garden?A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be takingC，C，C。 V-ing形式的复合结构是sb./sb.s doing.。作主语置句首用sb.s doing.，其他情况用sb./sb.s doing.。( )

20、 15. Mr Read made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.A. set up B. setting upC. have set up D. having set upB。devote.to+n./V-ing形式是固定结构。he had是定语从句。( ) 16. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.A.visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking inB

21、。同15。( ) 17. Before he went abroad he spent as much time as he _ English.A. could learning B. learnedC. to learn D. could learnA。 spend time (in) doing.是常用句型。 he could是定语从句。( ) 18. You can hardly imagine the difficulty Mrs Jones had _ up her children.A. brought B. to bring C. bringing D. to have bro

22、ughtC。have difficulty/ fun/trouble/a hard time.(in)是常用句型。Mrs Jones had是定语从句。B. 改错：19. Charles and Linda Mason do all these things as well as climbed buildings.climbedclimbing。 climb与do并列；climbing与these things并列。20. .and if you pay the cost of send a post card. sendsending。21. I want to thank you aga

23、in for have me in your family. havehaving。22. I look forward to hear from you soon. hearhearing。20、21、22这三道题分别作介词of, for, to的宾语。介词宾语用名词、代词宾格、V-ing形式等。23. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong. playplaying。24. .and watch TV demands very little effort.watchwatching。这两道题用V-ing形式短语作主语，表习惯性的动作。动词或动宾结构不能作主语。25. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.talktalking。动词如appreciate, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind等要加名词或V-ing形式作宾语。