(1.3.1)--01-3EminentScholar–MasterFazang.pdf

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1、ChapterChapter 1:1:ChangChanganan andand ChineseChinese BuddhistBuddhist MonkMonkSectionSection 3:3:TheThe SaintSaint andand ImperialImperial PreceptorPreceptorMasterMaster FazangFazangIn Chang an of Tang Dynasty,there lived five original masters of the Huayan School ofChinese Buddhism.They are Mast

2、er Du Shun,Master Zhiyan,Master Fazang,MasterChengguan and Master Zong Mi.In the history of Chang an and Chinese Buddhism,the five original masters of Huayanall played an important role.Here,we are introducing the actual founder of Huayan SchoolMaster Fazang.Fazang(643712),owned the title of Xiansho

3、u.When he was a layman,his last namewas Kang and his ancestors were all from Kangju.Kangju now is in Uzbekistan.The ancestorsof Fazang had been Prime Ministers of Kangju for several generations.From the generation ofhis grandfather,Fazangs family moved from Kangju to Chang an.It was said that Fazang

4、s mother had a dream.The dream was about getting pregnantof Fazang because of swallowing the daylight.Thats why he was incredibly smart fromsuch a young age.Then Fazang became attached to Huayan.He spent his whole lifeelaborating and lecturing the core value of Huayan.He established the core value a

5、ndconcept of Huayan School,and the basic frame of its academic system.He was the actualfounder of Huayan School.TakeTake anan religiousreligious OathOathFazang came to Famen Temple in Qizhou(now in Fufeng county of Shaanxi province)at16 years old.He took an oath by lighting up one of his fingers tha

6、t in his life,he would buryhimself in seeking the truth.In the second year,he left his parents without hesitation,and when to Taibai Mountain tofurther his education.Then he occasionally met Master Zhiyan,the second original master ofthe Huayan School.He asked Master Zhiyan sincerely to be his teach

7、er.From then on,theybecame lifelong friends.When Fazang was 28 years old,Wu Zetians mother,Madame Rongguo,passed away.In order to pray for her afterlife happiness,Wu Zetian made her house the Taiyuan Temple.She also promised to help people become monks.In this case,Fazang decided tobecome a monk in

8、the Taiyuan Temple.With his outstanding performance,Wu Zetian orderedten eminent monks in the capital to initiate him into monkhood,and awarded him with thetitle of“Xianshou”,Xianshou was the name of a Buddha in Huayan Scripture.Therefore,Huayan School was also called Xianshou School.ThenThen sheshe

9、 letlet FazangFazang givegive lectureslectures aboutaboutHuayanHuayan ScriptureScripturein in TaiyuanTaiyuan Temple.AsTemple.As forfor Fazang,Fazang,withinwithin a a shortshort timetime of of beingbeing a a monk,hemonk,hewaswas alreadyalready famousfamous in in thethe capital.capital.Wu Zetian was p

10、retty sick in 705.Zhang Jianzhi,the Prime Minister,was staging a coupat that very point.He murdered Wu Zetians trust ones,Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong,and supported Emperor Zhongzong for restoration.Fazang actively participated in this coup.Fazang“t tr ri ie ed d h hi is s b be es st t t to o s s

11、u up pp po or rt t t th he e E Em mp pe er ro or r Z Zh ho on ng gz zo on ng g.”(Dajianfu Temple in Tang Dynastythe Translation of Dade Fazang and Buddhist Biography from the Temple Host Vol.I)Hethus was spoken highly by Emperor Zhongzong.TheThe GoldenGolden LionLion MetaphorMetaphorFazang elaborate

12、d Huayan Scripture for dozens of times during his life.The most well-known one was in the Palace of Eternal Youth.He elaborated the core idea of HuayanScripture for Wu Zetian-“The origin of Buddhism”.From the perspective of Fazang,the main idea of Huayan Scripture wasto let peopleunderstand how the

13、whole universe works.The formation of the whole universe is the resultof the aggregation of multiple elements.But for this piece of truth,it is not only hard for ordinary people to understand,even thenoble Empress Wu Zetian,couldnt understand it,either.F Fa az za an ng g e el la ab bo or ra at te ed

14、 d t th he e n ne ew w e ed di it ti io on n o of fH Hu ua ay ya an n S Sc cr ri ip pt tu ur re ef fo or r WWu u Z Ze et ti ia an n.WWu u Z Ze et ti ia an ng go ot t l lo os st t i in n i it t.F Fa az za an ng g u us se ed d g go ol ld de en n l li io on n t to o r re ep pr re es se en nt t t th he

15、e P Pa al la ac ce e w wh hi ic ch h w wa as s e ea as si ie er r t to o u un nd de er rs st ta an nd d.T Th he en na am me ew wa as sT Th he eG Go ol ld de en nL Li io on nC Ch ha ap pt te er r.(T Th he eB Bi io og gr ra ap ph hy yo of fE Em mi in ne en nt tMMo on nk ks si in nS So on ng gD Dy yn n

16、a as st ty yV Vo ol l.V V,w wr ri it tt te en nb by yZ Za an nN Ni in ng g.)In view of the situation that Wu Zetian couldnt understand the core idea of HuayanScripture,Fazang pointed at the golden lion in front of the Palace,and explained to WuZetian.“That every lion has countless hair just like thi

17、s golden one.In other words,every hairembodies the appearance of each lion,since they are just made in different shapes out ofgold.Based on this,whats the difference between golden lions and their hair?Given thatthey are both gold in nature,isnt a lion its hair?In summary,A lions hair includes a lio

18、n,and a lion can also be included in a lions hair.If we see it in a bigger picture,it is either youhave me or I have you in this whole universe.A single object includes countless elements,meanwhile,every object is involved with other objects.Everything in this universe isconnected with each other wi

19、thout any blockage.”Wu Zetian suddenly understood after hearing his explanation.She finally got the coreidea of it.Fazang was not only good at knowing the idea of Huayan,but was also very skilledat delivering speeches.He explained the core idea with references and elaborated them in aproper speed.He

20、 was also very good at using metaphors.Because of that,A lot of people from all over the places wanted to learn from him.SituationalSituational TeachingTeaching withwith TenTen MirrorsMirrorsFazang had a set of approaches in teaching.In order to elaborate the freedom inBuddhism,i.e.,everything got a

21、long well with each other,he summaried this harmony as aresult of the Indrajala Gate.But how to make people understand the magical Indrajala Gate?He prepared ten mirrors for those who werent able to understand it,and placed themirrors all around them.The distance among every mirror was 10 inches.He

22、then lighted atorch to light up the central Buddha.At this point,every mirror had the image of the Buddha,and the images of Buddha from the other mirrors.Everyone on set understood immediatelyabout the magical theory of the Indrajala Gate.T Th he e m mi ix xt tu ur re e o of f s sh ha ad do ow ws s

23、a an nd d l li ig gh ht t m ma ad de e s sc ch ho ol la ar rs s f fa al ll l d de ee ep pl ly y i in n i it t b be ec ca au us se e o of f X Xi ia ao oC Ch ha ao oh ha ai i.F Fa az za an ng g w wa as s g go oo od d a at t d de el li iv ve er ri in ng g s sp pe ee ec ch he es s a an nd d t th ha at t

24、 s s w wh hy y p pe eo op pl le e f fe el ll l f fo or r h hi im m.(T Th he eB Bi io og gr ra ap ph hy yo of fE Em mi in ne en nt tMMo on nk ks si in nS So on ng gD Dy yn na as st ty yV Vo ol l.V V)SpreadSpread HuayanHuayan SchoolSchool WidelyWidelyIn the second year of Jinglong(708 A.D.)The Central

25、 Plains were hot and dry for twoseasons in a row.It was right at the key season of growing crops.People could do nothingabout it.The crops kept withering day by day.In order to avoid zero harvest,Fazang was ordered to lead all the masters of the capitalto pray for rain in Jianfu Temple.After getting

26、 the instructions,Fazang and hundreds of masters took incense baths,andprayed day and night.At the seventh day of praying,it suddenly rained cats and dogs.Everyone was so happy.And the masters got rewards for it.A Ag go oo od dt te ea ac ch he er rl le ea ad ds st th he er ri ig gh ht tw wa ay y.(T

27、Th he eB Bi io og gr ra ap ph hy yo of fF Fa az za an ng g)Because Fazang and the other masters had pure hearts and decent work records,andtheir sincerity touched the sky,so it rained heavily.Based on their respect for Fazang,Emperor Zhongzong and Ruizong both claimed Fazang as Buddhism Master,and a

28、wardedhim the name of Guoyi.After that,he became so famous around royalties,rich people and celebrities.Everyonewas so proud of making friends with him.At that time,Fazang requested the Emperor tobuild Huayan Temple in places like Chang an,Luoyang,Qingliang Mountain in Wuyue,etc.And every Huayan Tem

29、ple,must have collection of every relevant literature or scripture aboutthe Huayan ideas.With the help of the Emperor,The spreading of Huayan ideas had gone viral around thecountry.People were so grateful about the spreading of Huayan ideas promoted by Fazang.Soevery time when people mentioned Fazan

30、g,they always claimed him as Huayan sMahayana Buddhism Master.TheThe TeacherTeacher ofof FiveFive EmperorsEmperorsFazang was a teacher for five emperors in his whole life,namely Emperor Gaozong,Wuhou,Zhongzong,Ruizong and Xuanzong.As their teacher,he was the master inBuddhism.With a special position

31、 like that,all the royalties,all the military officials,prominentcitizens,monks and ordinary people,were all very polite to Fazang.They admired him somuch and treated him with a lot of respect.But in his whole life,F Fa az za an ng ge en nj jo oy ye ed ds si im mp pl li ic ci it ty y.(T Th he eB Bi

32、io og gr ra ap ph hy yo of fF Fa az za an ng g)He wore shabby clothes and ate vegan food.He wanted nothing,but to contribute hiswhole life to his greater plan of spreading the Huayan ideas around every corner of thecountry.It was said that while he was elaborating the new edition of Huayan Scripture

33、 at a veryold age,he knew he wouldnt live for long.Then he skipped the first several chapters bystarting right from Ten Qualities.When he was elaborating the ninth quality,he said goodbye to the Emperor and theother audiences.Then he passed away in the Dajianfu Temple in Chang an.He was 70years old.

34、Inside or outside of the imperial government and temples,from ordinary civilians toroyalties,people were all extremely upset about his death.They sent their sincere respect tohim.Fazang committed his whole life to Huayan School.He was the most eminent monk inthe system of building a firm academic en

35、vironment in Chang an of Tang Dynasty.Hespent his whole life elaborating Huayan ideas.With hundreds volume of literatures,therepresentatives were over 30 pieces,including Huayan Scripture of Golden Lion,TheExploration of Huayan Scripture and so on.With his sensible theories and elaborations,Fazang M

36、aster made the ideas of HuayanSchool possible.He laid a firm theoretical foundation for building up the Huayan School.Fazang was the actual founder of Huayan School.He made extraordinary contributionsto Chang an and Chinese Buddhism.The Huayan School was based on Fazang sHuayan ideas.It still has influence on Japan and Korea up to this day.To the ChineseBuddhism and the Worlds,Fazangs ideas are super influential.