(2.6.4)--2.4FolkCraft'sImplicationsforMod.pdf

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1、Folk Crafts Implications for Modern Chinese Design Since the middle of the 19th century,the question has been pondered:can and should China preserve its own culture in the process of learning from the West in its quest for modernity?This question has not stopped being discussed from the foreign affa

2、irs movement,the May Fourth movement to the current reform and opening up.What elements of tradition have been gradually noted as having value for preservation and development?This paper makes some preliminary exploration of the scope of human creation.1.A comparison of Chinese and Western views of

3、nature and ways of thinking The Chinese and Westerners live in the eastern and western hemispheres of the Earth,and there are obvious differences in ethnicity,natural geography,social culture,etc.As far as culture is concerned,in addition to the factors of the social and political system,it depends

4、to a large extent on the different ways of thinking between East and West.In a sense,the way of thinking is a major factor in shaping the differences between Chinese and Western cultures.The Chinese peoples thinking is characterized by dialectical thinking as a whole.It emphasizes synthesis,inductio

5、n and sensual intuition and epiphany,emphasizes organic dialectical unity and the universal connection of things,and advocates the harmony of contradictions.Reflected in the view of nature,which is concerned with unity,continuity,intangibility,function,and transformation;the indistinguishability of

6、matter and self,the unity of heaven and man,and the attempt to find a complex substance that embraces all organic connections.It was developed on the basis of the Taoist,Confucian and qiological views of nature of the first Qin.Today,as the world moves into a post-industrial society,the wisdom of th

7、e ideas contained in it is shining again in a fascinating light,showing its rational core.Western thinking is characterized by individual institutional thinking.It emphasizes analysis,deduction and rational logic and judgment,and inorganic rational decomposition,arrangement and combination,advocatin

8、g contradictory oppositions.It is reflected in the view of nature,which is individual,intermittent,tangible,structural and combined.It was developed on the basis of the ancient Greek atomic theory.With the progress of natural science and the development of spiritual civilization,after centuries of p

9、recise human thinking,thinking and science are moving towards a holistic thinking that is definite and indefinite,analytical and comprehensive,and the traditional Chinese way of nature,philosophy,and thinking is increasingly of interest to modern Western scientists and philosophers because it bears

10、some resemblance to the signs shown by modern science in terms of worldview 1.The two pillars of modern physics,quantum mechanics and relativity,contain concepts and ways of thinking that are different from those of the Western tradition,and from Chinas focus on the whole,the phase,and the way of th

11、inking.Yes,the traditional way of thinking in harmony is more in tune.Wave-grain duality theory,unified field theory,integration of Chinese and Western medicine and big bang cosmology all prove that the integration of the two tendencies of nature and ways of thinking can be achieved at a higher leve

12、l 2.The deterioration of the worlds ecological environment,the confrontation between scientific and human cultures,the alienation of the relationship between human and material,and the reliance on a new,completely un-European mode of thinking3 have provided a realistic possibility for the complement

13、arity and integration of Chinese and Western cultures.2.Folk craft is a native culture whose ideas and principles of creation are a useful complement to modern design Chinese modern design,which was imported from the West on a large scale at the beginning of this century,especially after the 1970s,w

14、as its predecessor,Western industrial design.Western industrial design emerged with the emergence of the Industrial Revolution in Europe,where capitalist big machine production was the socio-material basis of industrial design;the division of labor between design and manufacturing and the separation

15、 of production and use was the catalyst for the development of industrial design.Since industrial design originated in capitalist Europe,its natural way of thinking and presenting itself is completely inherited from the Western model.Although the handicraft movement advocated by Willian Morris(1834-

16、1896)severely criticized the dehumanization of mechanized production,raised the important issue of the integration of technology and labor,labor and aesthetics,and emphasized the new unifying purpose of art and technology during the Bauhaus movement,which contributed to the revitalization of industr

17、ial design,it was never philosophically invigorated,and the relationship between people and objects was never improved.Industrial design was born not to exclude the human attributes of machines and products,but to explore how industrial design can create a new basis for a more rational way of produc

18、tion and life for tomorrow.However,due to the Western philosophy of thinking and the value orientation of industrial design for the purpose of profit,modern industrial design is increasingly developing in the direction of absolute rationalization,falling into the quagmire of only economic theory,onl

19、y physical,only practical functionalism.Those innate spiritual and natural qualities of man have been abstracted from existence little by little,and mans emotional activity and imagination have been suppressed under the principle of absolute abstraction.4 The result is the separation of the practica

20、l from the aesthetic,the material from the spiritual,and the deterioration of the relationship between the human and the material.The highly material civilization created by science and technology has become a force and a prerequisite for the loss of human attributes in products and environments.In

21、response to this phenomenon of alienation,visionary modern designers have made unremitting efforts,and authorities in industrial design in China have proposed the symbiotic aesthetic concept of contemporary design.However,they have been trying to devalue handicraft,relegating handicrafts to the deca

22、ying forms and techniques of the previous ruling class,and failing to see the characteristics of the native culture embodied in the use of traditional handicrafts and folk crafts by Chinese philosophical thought,including the philosophy of Laozhuang.This creates an artificial barrier to how modern d

23、esign can fully draw from traditional culture,especially in terms of the complementary spiritual aspects of folk craftsmanship and the idea of creation.Folk crafts are the product of the natural economic development of self-sufficiency,and their various creations can be found in the original crafts.

24、Primitive craftsmanship,more focused on practical purposes,but also encompassing the spiritual needs and satisfactions of mankind.In fact,since the creation of primitive tools,stone,jade and pottery,a sense of practical utilitarianism and aesthetics has emerged.It was only in later developments that

25、 the two gradually diverged.i.e.,a move from eigen-culture to binary or multicultural.5 After the separation of material culture and spiritual culture,folk crafts,which originally had both material and spirituality,were not dismantled and continued from generation to generation,folk crafts have alwa

26、ys maintained the nature of original culture,which is the unity of practical and aesthetic,material and spiritual.Since folk crafts are a spontaneous creative activity to satisfy ones own material and spiritual needs,from the very beginning,it is destined to think in terms of both material culture-u

27、tilitarian and spiritual culture-and aesthetic standards.For ethnic minority folk crafts,the former are more influenced by the ecological environment and the way of livelihood,which define the material and cultural characteristics of the people;the latter are more restricted by the national customs,

28、feelings and institutions,and thus reflect a deeper cultural connotation.The purpose of creation is first and foremost practical,which is closely related to human existence.Human beings live on the earth with food,clothing,shelter and transportation as the minimum material conditions.Primitive peopl

29、e used simple methods to make stone tools and bone needles,to work objects,to fight wild animals and to sew animal skins;people in farming societies made all kinds of implements for idyllic homes.Mozi said,Food must always be full,then beauty;clothing must always be warm,then beauty;dwelling must al

30、ways be peaceful,then happiness.articulates the proposition that practicality is more important than aesthetics.Crafted products have obvious practical functions,whether they are used for clothing,food,housing and transportation,or as tools for production and labor.Even though the spiritual content

31、of religious and witchcraft instruments is very heavy,they are still meant to be practical,only the objects and meanings of the practical are different.The aesthetic is an integral element of the activity of creation.Artificial objects have a visible and touchable image and spatial position,which ca

32、nnot be separated from the formal beauty elements such as shape and color.Since the birth of mankind,art has never left mans creative activity,and the first instrument of mankind has the same character as the first artwork.6 Aesthetic consciousness is as much a function of utility as it is of utilit

33、y,and is contained within a man-made object.The so-called pleasing to the eye,is an intuitive reflection of the aesthetic awareness hidden in the objects.From the age of twelve or three,the girls of the Tujia family learn to weave Silangkap,and they are filled with all the emotions for their future

34、dowry to be colorful among their sisters.The Hmong boys have been working hard on their homemade shotguns,from the selection of materials,processing and decoration,in order to add to their handsome and elegant appearance.The elderly Xiangshi Tujia family likes to use Root and Root stem to make a kin

35、d of smoke bag,although its practical function is very simple-smoking,but for the elasticity of the bamboo,the density of the bamboo section,the shape of Root and Root stem flat warp,these factors are not related to practical selection is very important,but also with exquisite copper ornaments and d

36、eer skin as cigarette box bags to decorate,play a pleasing effect.Folk craft also has the aspect of joy to the gods,which pays attention to a kind of human emotion and interest in the process of creation,embodying a strong emotional color,which is to convey emotion with objects.An incense ribbon fro

37、m a maiden in spring,not only with fine embroidery,gorgeous colors and for serving,it expresses the love and longing of a lover.A tiger hat is not just about beauty and warmth,but also about the expectations of young mothers for their little ones.Although peoples conceptions of beauty are solidified

38、 in man-made objects through creative activity,their cultural connotations involve the deeper structure of culture,the core of the cultural psychological state.The Western industrial design concept of creation,although it also puts practical utilitarianism first,but it pays more attention to the int

39、ernal structure of man-made objects and the practical function of objects,and materializes the principle of scientific rationality absolutely in all kinds of creation,so that the principle of human nature gradually disappears.With the development and refinement of industrial civilization and science

40、 and technology,this tendency has been further strengthened to the extent that it has been separated from the activities of creation to form separate sciences and systems.The birth of ergonomics is a prime example of this.Human Engineering,also known as ergonomics,is the study of:(1)the study of hum

41、an physiological characteristics;(2)the study of human cognitive characteristics;(3)the study of human behavioral characteristics;(4)the study of the limits of the human bodys ability to adapt to specific environments.7 Its disciplinary tendencies are thus evident.It is not our intention to belittle

42、 the contribution of a certain discipline to human civilization,but to illustrate that these forms of argument and rational scientific classifications,based on Western linear logical thinking,with their lack of macroscopic grasp and organic linkages with each other,and their strong overtones of mech

43、anical materialism,are driving the division between scientific and humanistic culture in the creation of human beings,step by step,away from the original purpose.The Western way of thinking and nature view of reinterpretation,analysis and individuality,intersectionality,structure and combination is

44、the root cause of the separation of material and spiritual,practical and aesthetic in industrial design.Folk craft is the activity of creation.The so-called things,one refers to the natural form of the object,or the object that has been processed by man.The folk craft concept of creation emphasizes

45、the isomorphic effect of human and material,and considers the concept of creation as a process and result from nature to man-made,which is derived from natural objects,and the implementation of the technique is also based on the principle of not violating the laws of nature,always in harmony with na

46、ture.8 Thus,nature is regarded as the supreme law,and it is believed that man and nature are in a harmonious symbiotic relationship,not in confrontation,and that people use nature to the extent that they do not destroy it.The principle of functionalism in industrial design,which is only practical,ha

47、s distanced itself from nature,pursuing the socialization of production and the independence of products,disregarding natural resources and the ecological environment,resulting in the plundering and encroachment of nature and the destruction of ecological balance.The relationship between people and

48、objects is a primary issue,whether it is a folk craft or a modern design.In this issue,man is the subjective factor that determines and promotes the creation,the active subject of the creation,the object as the object of human labor is in the position of the object;man-made objects are at the same t

49、ime the result of labor,the object of culture,the product of human culture.The question of the relationship between people and culture is necessarily involved here.Human culture is the result of peoples practical activities over a long period of time.People determine culture and define its nature.On

50、ce culture is created,it has a relative stability,as a being,in a pair of contradictory unities with man.Culture has a relatively independent aspect,with its own development and operating laws.When people change as a result of the progress of the times,the culture that has been formed appears to be