(2.6.1)--02-6密宗祖庭--大兴善寺.pdf

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1、ChapterChapter 2:2:ChangChanga an n andand ChineseChinese BuddhistBuddhist AncestralAncestral CourtsCourtsSection 6:Daxingshan Templethe Ancestral Court of TantraTantra is one of the Eight Schools of Buddhism in China,and it once has experienced aperiod of great prosperity in Tang Dynasty and is thu

2、s called Tang Tantra.DaxingshanTemple and Qinglong Temple in Xian are both recognized as the ancestral court of TangTantra,and play extremely important roles in Changan and the history of ChineseBuddhism.TheThe NationalNational TempleTemple inin SuiSui DynastyDynastyDaxingshan Temple was formerly na

3、med as Zunshan Temple.It was first built in theyears of Emperor Wu of Jin.Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty expanded the temple on the basis of Zunshan Temple.Itwas located in Jingshan Lane,Daxing City,so it was renamed as Daxingshan Temple.Daxingshan Temple expanded in Sui Dynasty has the status of nation

4、al Temple.It occupiesthe whole Jingshan Lane in Changan City,which is extremely magnificent.Volume 7 ofChangan Zhi has recorded thatD Da ax xi in ng gs sh ha an nT Te em mp pl le ei is st th he em mo os st tm ma ag gn ni if fi ic ce en nt to on ne ei in nt th he ew wh ho ol le ec ci it ty y.(C Ch ha

5、 an ng g a an nZ Zh hi iV Vo ol lu um me e7 7)Daxingshan Temple was the first national Translating forum of Buddhist Scriptures inSui Dynasty.In the years of Kaihuang,Emperor Wen of Sui,which is between 581 to 600A.D,Indian monks Narendra-yas,Jnanagupta and Dharmagupta translated BuddhistScriptures

6、here.They have set up Buddhist scriptures translating practice in Sui Dynasty,and later generations honored them as Kaihuang Three Scholars.They have made a greatcontribution to the translation of Chinese Buddhist Scriptures.In the Buddhist Scripturestranslated by Kaihuang Three Scholars,there is a

7、large number of Tantras ancient booksand records.Daxingshan Temple is not only a famous translating forum of Buddhist Scriptures,butalso the ancestral court of Tang Tantra.KaiyuanKaiyuan ThreeThree ScholarsScholarsIn the years of Kaiyuan,Tang Xuanzong(713-741),three monks from Indiacalledubhakara-si

8、mha,Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra came to China successively.They tookDaxingshan Temple as the center of translating classics and spreading Tantra,andestablished Shingon Buddhism.Due to such great achievements,they are recognized asKaiyuan Three Scholars.In the 4th year of Kaiyuan(716),ubhakara-simha b

9、rought many Sanskrit scrolls toChang an.Tang Xuanzong was so glad that he received ubhakara-simha in person,conferred State Teacher on him,and opened a Bodhimanda in the palace.His RoyalHighness Ning and Xue,Tang Xuanzong s two sons,were both received abhiseca byubhakara-simha there.This event cause

10、d a sensation throughout the whole country.Fromthen on,Tantra officially prosperedin China.Master Amoghavajra was entrusted to be settled in Daxingshan Templeformally in the 15th year of Tianbao(756 A.D.).During the An Lushan Rebellion,he sent Secret Envoy to Tang Suzong to discuss howto recapture t

11、he capital city for many times,and conducted a lot of religious ritesadditionally to pray for the victory of the war,which rendered meritorious service to theroyalty.Therefore,after the end of the An Lushan Rebellion,the status of Amoghavajra andTantra he carried forward became increasingly high in

12、the royaltys heart.MasterMaster AmoghavajraAmoghavajraMaster Amoghavajra has experienced three dynasties,including Emperor Xuan,Su andDai of Tang Dynasty.He gave abhiseca to these three emperors and blessed them inpolitics.So he was called Emperor Teacher of Three Dynasties.In Changan and the otherp

13、laces,he translated Vajraekharastra,and the main ancient books and records of Tantra,which made great contributions to the establishment of Chinese Tantra.In about 20 years of being in charge of Daxingshan Temple,Tantras prosperity inDaxingshan Temple has reached its peak,which established the posit

14、ion of DaxingshanTemple as the ancestral court of Tantra in Chinese Buddhism.In the 1st year of Qianyuan,Tang Suzong set up the Abhiseca Bodhimanda inDaxingshan Temple at Amoghavajras invitation.A abhiseca ceremony is held when theancient Indian King ascends the throne.In the ceremony,the National T

15、eacher dashes watercollected from the four seas and placed in the four Aquarias on King s head,whichsymbolizes the power of the King and the prosperity of the boundless country.The TantraSchool followed this example,and held various activities of abhiseca.This opened thepractice of abhiseca in China

16、.StateState TeacherTeacher HuiHui GuoGuoQinglong Temple,another Bodhimanda of Tantra School,must be introduced when theancestral court of Tantra is discussed.Qinglong Temple is located in Leyou Plain to the north of Tielumiao Village,at thesouth of Xian City,Shanxi Province.Many emperors of Tang Dyn

17、asty came to QinglongTemple to pray to Buddha.Tang Tantra spread to Japan from Qinglong Temple,and is wellretained until this day.Initially,The ones who taught Tantra in China were all Indian monks.Master Hui Guo ofQinglong Temple（746805）,was the first Chinese monk to carry forward Tantra.Hui Guois

18、from Wannian County,Jingzhao City,in present-day Xian City.He was respected byEmperor Dai,De and Shun of Tang Dynasty,and was entitled the state teacher of threedynasties.He is thus called State Teacher of Three Dynasties.Countless disciples came toQinglong Temple to receive abhiseca.PassPass onon T

19、antraTantra toto KonghaiKonghaiMaster Hui Guo had foreseen that there would be a big disaster for Buddhism beforethe Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution.He also knew that he was going to pass away verysoon.But he hasnt found the one who can inherit Tantra yet,so Master Hui Guo wasutterly nervous with it

20、.One day in 805 A.D.,a Japanese monk Konghai came to Qinglong Temple.He wasidentified as the disciple who was looking forward by Hui Guo as soon as he saw Konghai.Its glad to say that its been a long time to wait for you.Youve been Changan for a longtime.Why dot you come to me until today?Konghai an

21、swered politely that I have come to you six months ago.But its hard forme to get through the gate.As a nameless priestling,I can only see you being high above.So I dare not to bother you rashly.Hui Guo shook his head again and again.No,its not like that.You are the one whowill achieve Tantra in the

22、future.I dont have many days left,the reason why Im still aliveis due to my strong will.Im going to teach you all the secrets of Tantra in the shortest time.After that,Ill give abhiseca to you and you need to leave Changan as soon as possible.Konghai asked in surprise,Master,why are you in a hurry l

23、ike that?Hui Guo sighs,a big disaster is about to come,and Tantra will be lost in China.So youneed to return to Japan when you get Tantra.If you dont do that,Tantra must be lostforever.After hearing that,Konghai was too moved to say a word,so he learned from Hui Guoinstantly.At the same time,he felt

24、 the burden of it.Hui Guo taught Konghai withoutreservation,andKonghai made fast progress.In the following three months,Konghaifinished all lessons others could never learn in their whole lives.After the teaching completed,Hui Guo exhorted Konghai that,R Re et tu ur rn n t to o J Ja ap pa an n s so

25、oo on n t to o s se er rv ve e t th he e c co ou un nt tr ry y,a an nd d t th he en n T Ta an nt tr ra a c ca an n s sp pr re ea ad d a ar ro ou un nd d t th he ew wo or rl ld d a an nd d b be en ne ef fi it t t th he e c co om mm mo on n p pe eo op pl le e,s so o t th he e w wh ho ol le e w wo or r

26、l ld d w wi il ll l f fu ul ll l o of f h ha ap pp pi in ne es ss s a an nd d p pe eo op pl le ew wi il ll l a al ls so o b be e h ha ap pp py y.T Th ha at t i is s r re ep pa ay yi in ng g t th he e t te ea ac ch he er r a an nd d s se er rv vi in ng g t th he e c co ou un nt tr ry y.T Ta an nt tr

27、ra a i is s e en ns sh hr ri in ne ed da an nd d w wo or rs sh hi ip pp pe ed d.Y Yo ou u h ha av ve e t th he e o ob bl li ig ga at ti io on n a an nd d r re es sp po on ns si ib bi il li it ty y t to o p pa as ss s o on n i it t t to o J Ja ap pa an n,p pl le ea as se em ma ak ke ee ef ff fo or rt

28、 ts s.(Y Yu uQ Qi in ng gL La ai iMMu uL Lu uV Vo ol lu um me e1 1)These words have shown that Master Hui Guo hoped Konghai to keep Tantra,andbring it back to China when the time comes in the future.This is what Hui Guo predicts andexpects.Konghai has gained all from Hui Guo,and became the eighth su

29、ccessor of TangTantra.As expected,Master Hui Guo passed away in that year(805),a few months afterteaching Konghai.Konghai then went back to Japan,and Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution（845）brokeout in China.Tang Wuzong gave Buddhism a devastating blow.Fortunately,Konghai hasbrought vital apparatus of T

30、antra to Japan，and kept them well.Otherwise,Tang Tantrawould come to the end after the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution.Konghai took more than 200 Buddhist scriptures and a large number of Chinese literaryclassics back to Japan.He set up Japanese Shingon Buddhism in T dai-ji,known asShingon,and estab

31、lished Bodhimanda in Mount Koya with the support of Japanese Royalty.He spread the doctrines of Tantra widely,and became the founder of Japanese ShingonBuddhism.He is honored as Master Hongfa.TheThe UpsUps andand DownsDownsIn the years of Huichang(841-846),Tang Wuzong destroyed Buddhism on a large s

32、cale.4600 temples have been demolished across the country,including Daxingshan Temple andQinglong Temple.In the 13th year of the Republic of China(1924 A.D.),Kang Youwei came to ShanxiProvince for official duties and visited Daxingshan Temple.Seeing a scene of desolation andruin,he looked back on th

33、e past and the present,and couldnt bear this emotion.So heleft two calligraphy works there.One is Ying Wu Suo Zhu,the other one is a seven-characterquatrain.T Ta an nt tr ra a i is s f fa am mo ou us s i in n J Ji in n,S Su ui i a an nd d T Ta an ng g D Dy yn na as st ty y,a an nd d D Da ax xi in ng

34、 gs sh ha an n T Te em mp pl le e i is s t th he e b be es st tB Bu ud dd dh hi is st t s sc cr ri ip pt tu ur re es s t tr ra an ns sl la at ti in ng g f fo or ru um m.I I f fe ee el l p pi it ty y b be ec ca au us se e i it t w wa as s d de es st tr ro oy ye ed d,a an nd d I I c ca an n o on nl ly

35、 yr re ea al li iz ze et th he et tr ru ut th hu un nd de er rt th he es se et tt ti in ng gs su un n.This poem has shown Kang Youweis sadness towards the sharp contrast betweenthe past glories and the current dilapidation of Daxingshan Temple.These two calligraphyworks were etched in stone tablet,a

36、nd inlaid in the walls of the temple.After the liberation,Qinglong Temple and Daxingshan Temple were renovated for manytimes.Nowadays,in the prosperous and bustling Xian City,these two temples are full ofold trees covering all the sky.The palaces are quite and elegant,which give people a senseof inf

37、inite elegance and solemnity.Among the Eight Schools,Tantra is the last one that has a nationwide influence.Konghai learns Tantra in China and sets up Japanese Shingon Buddhism after returning tohis country.Thus,Daxingshan Temple and Qinglong Temple are also regarded as theancestral courts of Japane

38、se Buddhism Tantra.Tang Tantra,which prospered in Daxingshan Temple and Qinglong Temple,is thetreasure in the history of Chinese Buddhism culture.Daxingshan Temple and Qinglong Temple,the ancestral courts of Tantra,with bells inthe sunrise,drums in the sunset and melodious sounds of chanting monks,are writing aglorious page of Changan and Chinese Buddhism.