A brief talk on the skills of the translation of w.docx

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1、分类号 密级 U D C 编号 汉 口 学 院本科毕业论文文化视角下广告语的翻译策略 院 （系） 外国语学院 专 业 英 语 年 级 2014 级 学生姓名 学 号 指导教师 2018 年 1 月 A brief talk on the skills of the translation of words in English and Chinese TranslationAbstract The problem of lexical conversion in English and Chinese translation is manifested in the differences i

2、n the linguistic structure of the two languages. Conversion is an important method of translation, in the part of speech and semantic specification to highlight the reasonable structure, strict logic, especially in English nouns, adjectives, prepositions, adverbs, conversion, to avoid ambiguity, but

3、 also to avoid the form of the translation equivalence is too obscure. To this end, this paper focuses on the translation of word nature and the specific methods in English Chinese translation, and translators are translated through an example, so as to improve the quality of the translation. 关键词：英汉

4、翻译；词性转换；实例应用Key words: English-Chinese translation; word conversion; case application 摘 要英汉翻译中的词汇转换问题表现在两种语言的语言结构上的差异。转换是一种重要的翻译方法，在词类和语义规范部分要突出结构合理、逻辑严密，特别是在英语名词、形容词、介词、副词等方面的转换，既要避免歧义，又要避免翻译等值形式过于晦涩。为此，本文着重探讨了英汉翻译中的词汇性质和具体翻译方法，并通过实例对译者进行了翻译，以提高翻译质量。关键词:英汉翻译；字转换；案例应用1 Introduction翻译理论家费道罗夫在探讨翻译的目标时

5、提出“翻译要突出对原文的表达，要从文体、语言、词性等方面做到等值”。英汉翻译基于不同的语言结构体系，在进行翻译实践中，如何把握词性的转换文体，一直是翻译教学的重要内容。英语源自印欧语系，而汉语属于汉藏语系，两者在语言结构上具有较大差异性。因此，无论是在英译汉，还是汉译英，都需要从语言形式上，把握原文的意指，并从再现原文信息上进行准确翻译。因此，词性作为英汉翻译实践中的重要内容，其转换的合理性、准确性关系到整个翻译实践的成败。因此，着力从英汉翻译中，就其中突出的词性转换条件、转换技巧及方法进行研究，重点对在英汉翻译中的词性变化来进行归纳，帮助我们从翻译实践中提升译文质量，更准确的还原和洞悉原文的

6、信息。Faye Doug Rolf, a translation theorist, discussed the goal of translation. He put forward that to emphasize the expression of the original text, we should do equivalence in terms of style, language and parts of speech. Based on different linguistic structure systems, how to grasp the transformati

7、on of part of speech in Chinese English translation is always an important part of translation teaching. English is derived from the Indo European language family, and the Chinese belongs to the Chinese and Tibetan language family. Both of them have great differences in language structure. Therefore

8、, no matter in English to Chinese or Chinese to English translation, we need to grasp the meaning of the original text from the linguistic form and translate it accurately from the original information. Therefore, as an important part of English and Chinese translation practice, the rationality and

9、accuracy of the translation are related to the success or failure of the whole translation practice. Therefore, from the angle of translation, which highlights the research conditions, conversion of part of speech conversion techniques and methods, focusing on the changes of part of speech in Englis

10、h Chinese translation to summarize, to help us improve quality of translation from the translation practice, and restore the original information more accurate insight. Lu Jianming in the course of modern Chinese grammar research (Third Edition) mentioned in the words. The word refers to the same ge

11、neral word has two kinds of characteristics of lexical category words, i.e. different words and POS homophone synonym 郑蕙在论英汉翻译中的词性和句形转换中提出“在英汉翻译过程中。因为汉、英两个民族不同的思维模式以及相关的社会背景环境和文化的不同给汉英翻译造成一定困难，所以有“语随境迁，语无定义”之说。这样译文才能通顺流畅。翻译过程中，我们可以采用词性转换和句子成分转换的翻译方法。这种方法不仅指词性的改变，而且还包括词性作用的改变和句子词序的改变。王晨在浅谈词性转换法在汉译英翻译

12、中的应用中认为“汉语中出现表示知觉、感情、心理状态，以及表示长时间状态的动词时，照英语的语言习惯，以上词汇通常在英文中以形容词性出现，在翻译成英文时就要将其转化为形容词。并且当有表达动词的意味的固定搭配的形容词组出现时，也要将他们翻译成形容词性。”In the translation of words and sentences in English Chinese translation, Zheng Hui proposed that in the process of English and Chinese translation. Because of the different th

13、inking modes of Chinese and English people and the relevant social background and cultural differences to Chinese English translation caused some difficulties, so the language moved with the territory, no language definition . This translation can be smooth and fluent. In the process of translation,

14、 we can use the translation method of word - based conversion and sentence composition conversion. This method not only refers to the change of the part of speech, but also includes the change of the role of speech and the change of the word order of the sentence. Wang Chen in on the conversion of p

15、art of speech in Chinese English translation in the application that appears in Chinese that perception, emotion, mental state, and long time state verbs, as the English language used in the above words usually in English adjective, is translated into English will be the conversion into adjectives.

16、And when the adjectives that express the meaning of the meaning of the verb appear, they should be translated into adjectives. 梁超在浅谈英译汉中的英汉词性的转换中论述了英汉两种语言在词汇和语法结构方面有许多不同之处。因此在英译汉的过程中, 有些句子可以逐词翻译, 有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式 不同就不能以“挖个坑填个萝卜”方法来逐词对译。翻译时原文的有些词在译文中需要转换词类, 才能使汉语译文通顺自然, 即翻译时不必拘泥于原文的表层结构, 可以在忠实原意的前提

17、下将原文中In the translation of English and Chinese words in English to Hanzhoung, Liang Chao discussed the differences in vocabulary and grammatical structure between the two languages of English and Chinese. Therefore, in the process of English to Chinese translation, some sentences can be translated w

18、ord by word. Some sentences cannot be translated from word to word by digging a hole and filling a radish because of the different expressions of the two languages. When translating, some of the original words need to be transformed into parts of speech in order to make the Chinese translation smoot

19、hly and naturally. That is to say, when translating, it is not necessary to stick to the surface structure of the original text. Some words are translated into other parts of the Chinese language2. cognition of English word class conversion 翻译是跨语言的文化交流，对于翻译中的词性转换问题，尤金?奈达提出的“功能对等”理论最具代表性。Translation

20、is a cross language cultural exchange. For the translation of words, Eugene Nidas theory of functional equivalence is the most representative. 尤金“功能对等”理论最具代表性。尤金。对于语言学本身，其包含的内容较广，仅词性只是语言学中的一个分支概念。除此之外，语言学中的语音、词、句、段等，在翻译过程中都需要给予综合考虑。尤其是从语言学视角来挖掘翻译的本质，强调在翻译过程中，要把握动态的对等。如在翻译中，需要用最恰当的语言来再现源语的语义及文体特征。对于语

21、言学本身，其包含的内容较广，仅词性只是语言学中的一个分支概念。除此之外，语言学中的语音、词、句、段等，在翻译过程中都需要给予综合考虑。另外，在翻译中还要兼顾不同文体及语言风格的变化，要从翻译实践中实现相应层次间的对等关系。英语、汉语在语言结构上的差异性，尤其是在词性转换上要克服两者的差异，确保译文的顺畅与连续。同时，两种语言在思维方式上的差异，特别是社会文化背景的差异，很容易在翻译中增加译者的个人情感与认知，造成翻译实践的模糊性、随意性。The theory of functional equivalence is the most representative of Eugene. Euge

22、ne. For linguistics itself, it contains a wide range of contents, and only part of speech is only a branch concept in linguistics. In addition, the phonetics, words, sentences and segments in linguistics need to be taken into consideration in the process of translation. Especially from the perspecti

23、ve of linguistics, the essence of translation is excavated, and it is emphasized that in the process of translation, we should grasp the dynamic equivalence. In translation, it is necessary to use the most appropriate language to reproduce the semantic and stylistic features of the source language.

24、For linguistics itself, it contains a wide range of contents, and only part of speech is only a branch concept in linguistics. In addition, the phonetics, words, sentences and segments in linguistics need to be taken into consideration in the process of translation. In addition, in translation, the

25、changes in different styles and styles should be taken into account, and the corresponding relationship between the corresponding levels should be realized from the translation practice. The difference in the structure of English and Chinese, especially in the part of speech, should overcome the dif

26、ference between the two and ensure the smooth and continuous translation. At the same time, the differences between the two languages in the way of thinking, especially the differences between social and cultural backgrounds, are easy to increase the translators personal emotion and cognition in tra

27、nslation, resulting in the fuzziness and randomness of translation practice. 同样，即便是生活在同一社会环境下的不同人，其对语言的理解与掌握，也需要遵循相应的语言分类标准，要注重对不同社会文化人群语言习惯的尊重。如我们将A=甲作为某一分类关系，而对于这一等式关系，很多情况下并非是符合实际的。Similarly, even if different people living in the same social environment, their understanding and mastery of langua

28、ge also need to follow the corresponding language classification standard, and pay attention to the respect for language habits of different social and cultural groups. For example, we take A= a as a categorization relationship, and for this equation, in many cases it is not practical. 2.1英汉翻译中的部分意识

29、2.1 part consciousness in English and Chinese Translation 英汉语系中，不仅要关注语义、词汇的差异与对等关系，还要关注词性的差异与对等关系。英汉翻译的目标在于让读者从译文中获得与原文读者相等的感受，而翻译过程中，由于语言形式的差异性，难以从翻译的内容、翻译的方式、翻译的质量上实现绝对的等同。但是，并不是因为无法实现绝对等同而放弃翻译中的对等关系，相反，更是要从翻译形式中，充分理解不同语言的特征，充分理解原文的信息，并从原文词性变化上来归纳出再现原文的译文，实现语言翻译的目标。所以说，针对英汉翻译中的词性转换问题，要从具体的翻译实践中来了解

30、词性及词性转换的基本原则，并从提升翻译技巧和增强翻译的生动化、形象化实践中，提升译文质量。In the English and Chinese language department, we should not only pay attention to the differences and reciprocity of the meaning and vocabulary, but also pay attention to the differences of the words and the relationship between them. The goal of Englis

31、h Chinese translation is to enable readers to get the same feeling from the original readers in the translation. However, in the process of translation, due to the diversity of language forms, it is difficult to achieve absolute equivalence from the content of translation, the way of translation and

32、 the quality of translation. But not because of the inability to achieve absolute identity instead of equivalence in translation, on the contrary, it is from the form of translation, to fully understand the characteristics of different language, fully understand the original information, and summed

33、up the changes from the original speech to reproduce the original translation, the translation of the target language. Therefore, in view of the problem of POS conversion in English Chinese translation, we should understand the basic principles of POS and POS transformation from the specific transla

34、tion practice, and improve the quality of translation from enhancing translation skills and enhancing the vividness and visualization of translation. 2.2词类转换在翻译中的应用The application of 2.2 word class conversion in Translation 翻译实践是基于一种语言来表达另一种语言的过程，在语言的翻译中，首先要了解源语的思想及内容，再通过相应的翻译原则来实现翻译。从翻译原则来看，首要任务是对原

35、文语义的准确表达，而要做到准确翻译，就不能随意增加、删减、篡改、歪曲原文。其次是做到通顺，所谓顺畅易懂，就是要从行文规范上，保持应有的结构关系与逻辑，避免言之无物、词不达意。正如鲁迅先生所言“力求其解”。翻译的目标在于实现与原文信息的等值，而非单纯的追求语言形式上的完全对等。因此，在翻译实践中，在突出译文信息、功能等值的同时，还要避免过于追求形式对应，忽视译文信息思想、内容的一致性。特别是在词性转换中，要从英汉翻译中，处理好词性转换的技巧，协同好翻译中英语词汇、汉语词汇的有效等值关系。Translation practice is a process of expressing another

36、 language based on one language. In language translation, we first need to understand the source languages thought and content, and then translate it through the corresponding translation principles. From the perspective of translation principles, the primary task is to express the original semantic

37、s accurately, and to achieve accurate translation, it is not allowed to increase, delete, falsification or distort the original text at will. The second is to do good, the smooth and easy to understand, is to keep from the specification, structure and logic should be avoided, saying nothing. As Mr.

38、Lu Xun said, try to solve it. The goal of translation is to realize the equivalent of the original information, but not to pursue the complete equivalence in the form of language. Therefore, in translation practice, while emphasizing the equivalence of translation information and function, we should

39、 avoid too much pursuit of formal correspondence and ignore the consistency of information and content in translation. Especially in the part of speech transformation, we should deal with the skills of POS conversion in English Chinese translation and coordinate the effective equivalence relation be

40、tween English vocabulary and Chinese vocabulary in translation. Word - based translation is a common translation method in translation. In the process of learning English, we can clearly distinguish nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, connectives, pronouns and so on. This is a good plac

41、e for a student who is English and a foreign language. However, the emphasis on the concept of part of speech in translation may become a translators obstacle. Because translation is the transformation between two languages in English and Chinese. In English, a concept can be expressed by a noun. It

42、 can be expressed by a verb in Chinese. 词性转换就是把英语中的某种词性，转换成汉语的另外一种词性来表达的翻译技巧。词性转换几乎可以在所有词性间进行，如名词转换成动词，动词转换成名词，介词转换成动词，副词转换成动词，名词转换成形容词等等，都是常常使用的，在考研翻译中，The translation of words is to translate some part of the word in English into the other part of the Chinese language to express the translation sk

43、ills. Part of speech transformation can be carried out among all parts of speech, such as nouns converted into verbs, verbs into nouns, prepositions into verbs, adverbs into verbs, nouns converted into adjectives, etc., are often used in the postgraduate entrance examination. 3, the principle of tra

44、nslation and the significance of the conversion of words 英语单词的词类与其语法功能有着密切的关系。因此记住单词的词类对于掌握英语语法和分析句子结构有很大的帮助。然而在翻译过程中，过分强调词性会限制表达时对整个句子的组织。汉语和英语属于两种不同的语系，在词汇、语法和表达方式上存在着很大差异。如果在翻译过程中过于拘泥于原文的词性，完全按照原文词性来进行翻译，往往会造成译文生硬别扭，不够通顺。例如“Mastery of a language is not easy.”这句话如果直接译为“一门语言的掌握是不容易的”，汉语就会显得非常别扭。但如果

45、把“mastery”由名词转译为动词，翻译为“学好一门语言是不容易的”，就自然得多。因此考虑到英汉两种语言的差异，为了使译文更加符合译入语的习惯，流畅自然，有时需要进行词性转换。Word classes in English words have a close relationship with their grammatical functions. Therefore, it is very helpful to remember the word class in mastering the English grammar and analyzing the sentence stru

46、cture. However, in the process of translation, the overemphasis on word nature will restrict the organization of the whole sentence when the expression is limited. Chinese and English belong to two different languages. There are great differences in vocabulary, grammar and expression. If we are too

47、rigid in the original part of speech and translate according to the original part of speech, it will often make the translation difficult and awkward. For example, the sentence Mastery of a language is not easy. is not easy to translate directly into mastery of a language. Chinese will be very awkwa

48、rd. But if Mastery is translated from a noun to a verb, it will be much more natural to translate it into it is not easy to learn a language well. Therefore, in view of the differences between the two languages in English and Chinese, in order to make the translation more consistent with the habits of the target language, the translation of words is sometimes needed. 4、英汉翻译中的四种部分转换4, four partial translations in English Chinese Translat