2019年高考 并列句与状语从句.ppt

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1、,第六讲并列句与状语从句,专题一语法知识,栏目索引,考点1并列连词,考点2时间状语从句,考点3让步状语从句,考点4条件状语从句,考点5地点状语从句,考点6原因状语从句,考点7目的状语从句,考点8where和when引导的状语从句与 定语从句的区别,解题方法,方法1句意翻译法方法2分清句子类型法,强化练(六),1.Peter,please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.No problem.(2017北京,22)A.but B.or C.for D.so,并列句 考点1并列连词,解析句意为:彼得,请寄给我们明信片,这样(

2、so)我们就知道你去哪里旅游了。没问题。后面表示结果,故用so。but表转折;or表选择;for是表因果关系的连词,后接原因。,答案,解析,1,2,2.He is a shy man,_ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015北京,25)A.so B.but C.or D.as,解析句意为:他是一个害羞的人,但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。由空格前后两个分句的句意可知,前后为转折关系,所以应用but。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1.表示转折关系:常用的并列连词有but,yet,nevertheless。He tried hard but he

3、 was unsuccessful.他尽了力,但是没有成功。The car was old,yet/nevertheless it was in excellent condition.车子虽然旧了但车况很好。,2.表示因果关系:常用的并列连词有for,so,therefore。It must be snowing,for its so bright outside.肯定下雪了。外面这么亮。It was already rather late,so we decided to go home.天已经很晚了,所以我们决定回家。You are in the right,therefore we s

4、hould support you.你是对的,所以我们应当支持你。,3.表递进或顺承关系:常用的并列连词有and,not only.but also。This article is well-written and youd better read it.这篇文章写得很好,你最好看看。Not only is he himself interested in the computer but also his son is beginning to show an interest in it.不仅他对电脑感兴趣,而且他的儿子也开始对电脑感兴趣。4.表示选择关系:常用的并列连词有or,eithe

5、r.or。Either you must improve your work or we shall dismiss you.要么你好好干,要么我们就辞退你。,5.有时并列句中的分句通过破折号、分号等来表示并列关系。Stand up;it is your turn to speak now.站起来,该轮到你了。I dont goyou must go.我不去,你必须去。,1.If you dont understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people _ you figure it out.(2017北京,28

6、)A.because B.thoughC.until D.since,状语从句 考点2时间状语从句,解析句意为:如果不了解某个事物,你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨,直到(until)弄清楚。until直到为止,引导时间状语从句,符合语境。because因为,引导原因状语从句;though尽管,引导让步状语从句;since自以来,由于,可引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,2._ the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for.(2016天

7、津,7)A.Unless B.UntilC.As D.While,解析句意为:随着人口平均寿命的延长,越来越多的老人需要照顾。as在此处引导时间状语从句,表示“随着”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,3.If you miss this chance,it may be years _ you get another one.(2015重庆,4)A.as B.beforeC.since D.after,解析句意为:如果你错过这次机会,可能得过好多年才能再有一次机会。该句考查“It will/may be一段时间before.”句式,表示“得过多久才”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,4.We ne

8、ed to get to the root of the problem_ we can solve it.(2015天津,12)A.while B.after C.before D.as,解析句意为:我们在解决问题之前需要找到其根源。根据逻辑关系可知,“找到问题的根源”在“解决问题”之前发生。before在之前,引导时间状语从句,符合题意。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,考点归纳,1.从句中用现在时代替将来时。 2.as soon as,the minute,the second,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,no sooner.than

9、,hardly.when等引导的时间状语从句,意为“一就”。3.在no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.结构中,no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。当no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时,应用倒装语序。,4.be doing sth.when.正在做某事突然;have hardly/just/scarcely done sth.when.刚做完就;be about to do sth.when.正准备突然。 5.before 可表

10、示“还未就;不到就;才;还没来得及”。常见句式: It was时间段before过去时,多久之后才;It will be时间段before一般现在时,多久之后才;It wont be long before.过不了多久就。,6.“since状语从句”表示“自从有多长时间”。since从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句中的时态则应该是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。常见句式:It is时间段since过去时,意为“自从以来多久了”。7.as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成,可译为“一边,一边”或“随着”。8.until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”,此时主句谓语动词是延续性

11、动词,主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用,但till不可以置于句首,而until可以。 not.until.表示“某动作直到某时间点才开始”,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式。,1._ birds use their feathers for flight,some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017北京,25)A.Once B.IfC.Although D.Because,考点3让步状语从句,解析句意为:虽然(although)鸟儿用羽毛来飞行,但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。前后为让步关系,故用although引导状语从句

12、。once一旦,引导时间状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句;because因为,引导原因状语从句。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,2._ online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.(2016浙江,5)A.Since B.AfterC.While D.Unless,解析句意为:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但并非它的所有影响都是积极正面的。while引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”;since既然,自从;after在之后;unless除非。故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,

13、4,3.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,_ hes in his nineties.(2016北京,27)A.as long as B.as ifC.even though D.in case,解析句意为:尽管我的祖父已经九十多岁了,但他有时还打网球。由句意可知,本句的前后两部分之间为让步关系,故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,4._scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont know.(2015安徽,23)A.Once

14、 B.SinceC.Though D.Unless,解析句意为:尽管科学家们对宇宙已经了解甚多,但仍有许多我们还不知道的东西。once一旦;since自从以来;though尽管;unless除非。A、D两项常用来引导条件状语从句;B项常用来引导时间或原因状语从句;C项常用来引导让步状语从句,故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,考点归纳,1.although与though两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。 当as或though引导的让步状语从句放在主句之前时,常用倒装语序,此时从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单

15、数名词,前置时要省略冠词。 Although he is poor,hes still happy.虽然他很穷,他仍然很快乐。Ill try it,though/although I may fail.即使我可能失败,我也要试一下。Child as he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.虽然他是一个孩子,但他知道该做什么。,2.while可引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”,引导的从句要放在主句前边。While he loves his students,he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对他

16、们很严格。3.疑问词-ever和“no matter疑问词”。“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,意为“无论,不管”;疑问词-ever不但可以引导让步状语从句(等于no matter疑问词),还可引导名词性从句(如宾语从句、主语从句等),意为“任何”。,1.I believe you will have a wonderful time here _ you get to know everyone else.(2015陕西,20)A.though B.as ifC.once D.so that,考点4条件状语从句,解析句意为:一旦你认识了其他所有人,我相信你会在这儿有一段美好的

17、时光。once一旦,符合句意。,答案,解析,1,2,3,2.You wont find paper cutting difficult _ you keep practicing it.(2015北京,28)A.even though B.as long asC.as if D.ever since,解析句意为:只要你坚持练习,你就不会觉得剪纸难了。 even though 即使;as long as只要;as if 仿佛,好像;ever since 自以来。结合句意可知选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,3.You will never gain success _ you are fully

18、devoted to your work.(2014湖南,26)A.when B.becauseC.after D.unless,解析句意为:除非你全身心地投入到你的工作中,否则你就不会获得成功。所填词引导条件状语从句,意为“除非,如果不”,故选D项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,考点归纳,引导条件状语从句的连词除了if,unless等之外,下列连词也可引导条件状语从句:once,as/so long as,on condition that,suppose/supposing,provided/providing,in case(如果,万一),given that等。Suppose/Suppos

19、ing (that) I dont have a day off,what shall we do?假如我没有一天假,那该怎么办?You may borrow the book,on condition that you wont lend it to others.你可以借这本书,条件是你不能再借给别人。,1.Located_ the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017江苏,23)A.why B.when C.which D.where,考点5地点状语

20、从句,解析句意为:由于位于“一带一路”的交汇处,江苏将为“一带一路”的建设作出更大的贡献。空格处在过去分词located后面引导状语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,表示“在一带一路的交汇处”,因此用where引导状语从句。located表示“坐落在;位于”。,答案,解析,1,2,2.“We will do the right thing and do what we have to do to investigate crimes _ they exist,” claimed the police officer in chief.(2016江苏如东高级中学期中,30)A.whatever B.w

21、hereverC.whichever D.however,解析句意为:主管警官声称:“我们要做正确的事,做我们必须做的事,来对犯罪进行调查,无论这些犯罪发生在哪里。”whatever 无论什么;wherever无论哪里;whichever无论哪一个;however无论怎样。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where,wherever。 Wherever there is smoke,there is a fire.无火不生烟(无风不起浪)。 Lifting off at sunrise,the hot air balloon goes wherever the wi

22、nd blows.热气球在日出时升腾到空中,随风飘动。,1.I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.(2016北京,33)A.because B.beforeC.unless D.until,考点6原因状语从句,解析句意为:我真的很喜欢听音乐,因为它有助于我放松,让我忘记一天中的其他忧虑。根据句意可知,句子前后为因果关系,故选A项。,答案,解析,1,2,2.I am not afraid of tomorrow,_ I hav

23、e seen yesterday and I love today.(2016北京,35)A.so B.andC.for D.but,解析句意为:我并不害怕明天。因为我已经历了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知,句子前后为因果关系,故选C项。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because,as,since,now (that),seeing that,considering that等。另外,when也可表示原因。并列连词for加分句也可表示原因,for引导的分句对前面的内容进行补充说明。 Now (that)/Since it is so hot,I guess w

24、e cant do anything until after dark.既然天这么热,我想我们只有等天黑之后才能做事。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.既然你步行5分钟就能到那里,却打车,真够愚蠢的。 2.一些介词短语同样可以表示原因,这样的短语有because of,thanks to,due to,owing to等。,Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _ she could stay home

25、and raise her family.(2014浙江,15)A.now that B.as ifC.only if D.so that,考点7目的状语从句,解析句意为:当儿子出生时凯西辞去了工作以便她能够待在家里照顾家人。now that既然;as if 好像,仿佛;only if只要;so that以便,为了。由关键信息quit her job以及stay home and raise her family可知,stay home and raise her family是前面辞职的目的,故要用so that引导目的状语从句。,答案,解析,考点归纳,1.in order that与so

26、that这两个连词意为“以便,为了”,引导的状语从句中需用情态动词;in order that比so that正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 When he goes out,he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜,这样的话就没人能认出他了。,2.for fear that与in casefor fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句中,一般用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should动词原形”,sho

27、uld可以省略。 The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面,以防他父亲看到他。 Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。,1.It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(2014江西,35)A.that B.as C.which D.when,考点

28、8where和when引导的状语从句与定语从句的区别,解析句意为:我父亲叫醒我,告诉我看足球赛的时候是半夜。本句容易错选A项,认为是强调句型。实际上the middle of the night不能单独作时间状语,如果在the middle of the night前面加上in,本题就可以选择A项了。本句中用when引导一个时间状语从句。,答案,解析,1,2,2.I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014湖南,31)A.as B.why C

29、.when D.where,解析先行词是the day,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故应用关系副词when。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,where既可以引导定语从句,也可引导状语从句。引导定语从句时,从句前边一定要有一个表示地点(或类似地点)的先行词;同理,when引导定语从句时,从句前边要有表示时间的先行词。Have you been to the island where there is a mountain?你去过那个上面有座山的小岛吗?(定语从句)Please put all these books where they used to be.请把所有这些书放回它们原来在的地方。(

30、状语从句),方法1句意翻译法对于状语从句的解答来说,最重要的一点是能够正确地翻译句子的意思,这样就能够判断出该从句是状语从句中的哪一种,选择也就很容易了。,解题方法,典例1_ they decide which college to go to,students should research the admission procedures.A.As B.While C.Until D.Once,解析句意为:一旦学生们决定了要上哪所大学,他们就应该研究申请此大学的入学程序了。as当时,由于;while当时,尽管;until直到;once一旦。根据句意可知选择D项。,答案,解析,典例2Our

31、holiday cost a lot of money.Did it?Well,that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves.A.as long as B.unlessC.as soon as D.though,解析句意为:我们这次度假花了很多钱。是吗?哦,没关系,只要你们玩得高兴就行。as long as只要,符合句意。unless除非;as soon as一就;though尽管,虽然。,答案,解析,方法2分清句子类型法对于一些试题来说,掌握和分清一些固定的句型结构是很重要的。同时也要注意该从句与其他一些从句的区别,如地点状语从句和定语从句、结果状语

32、从句和定语从句等。,典例1John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.A.when B.after C.before D.since,解析所填词引导状语从句,构成It wont be long before.句型,意思是:过不了多久就,选C。,答案,解析,典例2Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it.A.even if B.which C.where D.so that,解析句意为:你最好不要把药放在孩子们能够得着的地方。本句相当于:Youd bett

33、er not leave the medicine in the place where kids can get at it.(此处where引导的是定语从句,先行词为the place,这也说明选项B不合适。),答案,解析,强化练(六),1.The teacher gave the students such a difficult maths problem _ nobody worked it out.(2017红桥区二模,9)A.as B.whichC.so D.that,解析句意为:老师给学生们出了一道如此难的数学题以至于没有人能解出来。such.that.如此以至于,引导结果状语

34、从句。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.There are still many problems to be solved _ we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(2017河西区二模,12)A.before B.onceC.after D.until,解析句意为:在我们准备好长久待在月球上之前,还有许多问题需要解决。before在之前,由语境可知选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,

35、20,3.Its always a good idea to have a second key somewhere _ you lose the first one.(2017北京海淀区二模,35)A.in case B.now thatC.even though D.as long as,解析句意为:准备一把备用的钥匙总是个好主意,以防你丢失第一把钥匙。in case意为“以防万一”,引导目的状语从句;now that意为“既然”,引导原因状语从句;even though意为“即使,虽然”,引导让步状语从句;as long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,

36、5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.Dont look down upon Bob.He has his own advantages.Oh,yes._ others are weak,he is strong.(2017和平区一模,12)A.Before B.WhenC.Where D.Though,解析句意为:不要瞧不起鲍勃。他有自己的优势。哦,是的。在别人弱的地方,他却很强。where意为“在的地方”,引导地点状语从句。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,

37、5.How long do you think _ the computer company brings out a new product?(2017南开区二模,10)A.it will be before B.will it be untilC.will it be when D.it will be that,解析句意为:你认为这家电脑公司还要多久才能推出新产品?It will be.before.意为“要过多久才;do you think为插入语,后面用陈述语序。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.T

38、he sky was cloudless,_ the sun was shining.(2017河东区二模,13)A.and B.butC.or D.for,解析句意为:天空万里无云,阳光灿烂。分析两个分句之间的关系可知,两个分句之间为顺承关系。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.Nobody can go back and start a new beginning,_ anyone can start now and make a new ending.(2017北京东城区二模,35)A.for B.and

39、C.but D.so,解析句意为:没有人可以回到过去重新开始,但谁都可以从现在开始,创造一个全新的结局。两个分句之间为转折关系,故选but。for(因为)表因果关系;and表并列或顺承关系;so(因此)表因果关系。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8._ I say Clancy is a smart boy,he still needs to work hard to achieve his goal.(2017南开区二模,4)A.Then B.WhenC.As D.While,解析句意为:虽然我说克兰西是一个

40、聪明的男孩,但他仍然需要努力学习,以实现他的目标。while意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句;then意为“然后”,为副词;when主要引导时间状语从句;as引导让步状语从句时需要倒装,故可排除。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.When shall we go planting trees in the hill?_ it begins to rain,so they dont need watering.(2017河西区一模,12)A.Unless B.WhileC.Till D.Not until,

41、解析unless如果不,除非;while虽然,当的时候,然而,趁;till直到;not until直到才。根据“so they dont need watering”可知,我们应该直到开始下雨才上山植树,这样所种的树就不需要浇水了。补充完整后的句子为:We shall not go planting trees in the hill until it begins to rain,so they dont need watering.。故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.The rooms,_ sm

42、all,were pleasant and tidy.(2017天津五校联考一模,11)A.because B.whenC.though D.while,解析because因为,引导原因状语从句;when当的时候,引导时间状语从句;though虽然,尽管,引导让步状语从句;while,引导时间状语从句时,意为“当的时候”;作并列连词时,表示对比,意为“然而”。此题设空处的词语用来引导(省略了主语they与系动词are的)让步状语从句,句意为:这些房间虽然小,但是舒适整洁。故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,

43、11.This is a very interesting book.Ill buy it,_.(2017南开区三模,9)A.how much may it costB.no matter how it may costC.however much it may costD.whatever may it cost,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析A选项将情态动词may提到了主语的前面,构成了特殊疑问词,故排除;B选项谓语动词cost“花费”后面缺少宾语(how“如何”是副词,无法充当宾语),故排除;D选项情

44、态动词may提到了主语前面,构成了特殊疑问词,故排除。C选项是由however引导的让步状语从句,等同于:no matter how much it may cost,意为“无论它要花多少钱”(注意引导词however与much,即no matter how much是一个整体,不可分拆),符合句意及用法。故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.Did you explain it to your boss?He stormed out of the office_ I could get in a word.(20

45、17红桥区一模,14)A.since B.whenC.before D.after,解析分析句子的意思可知,He stormed out of the office应该发生在I could get in a word之前,所以应该使用before来引导时间状语从句。since意为“自从以来”;when意为“当的时候”,表示从句的动作和主句的动作几乎同时发生;after意为“在之后”。故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.The girl thought her boyfriend had bought

46、her a necklace of great value_ in fact it was made of glass.(2017和平区二模,12)A.when B.whileC.that D.as,解析in fact说明前后是转折关系,因此使用while“然而”引导。when引导时间状语从句;that引导从句,不充当成分,没有意义;as引导时间和原因状语从句。故选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.Try _ she might,Sue couldnt get the door open.(2017河东区一模,15)A.if B.whenC.since D.as,

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