备考2022中考英语试题分项详解(全国版)专题2 名词 解析版.docx

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1、专题02名词2021年1.【2021山东东营】-Why do people never cut up the on their birthdays? -Because they are a symbol of long life. A. eggs B. cakes C. noodles D. dumplings【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:为什么人们在生日时从不切断面条?因为是长寿的标志。A. eggs蛋;B. cakes蛋糕;C. noodles面条;D. dumplings饺子。生日,吃长寿面,人们不剪断意味着“长寿”,故选C。考点: 考查名词。2.【2021山东东营】 Great f

2、or football lovers-more than 50,000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025. A. news B. message C. situation D. information【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:足球爱好者的好消息:2025年前我国将会建立50,000多所足球学校。A. news新闻,消息;B. message消息,信息;C. situation情境,形式;D. information消息,信息。Message, information是有关某事物的信息;news则

3、指大的消息,新闻。“2025年前我国将会建立50,000多所足球学校”是重大的新闻消息:news。故选A。考点:考查名词辨析。3.【2021山东东营】-Are you sure this is a photo _, the famous comedy actress? -It surprised you, didn't it? But she was once really thin. A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:你肯定这是著名喜剧演员贾玲的一张相片吗

4、?使你吃惊,是不是?但是她曾经真的很瘦。一张的相片:a photo of sb(指照片上拍摄的是某人);a photo of ones(指照片是某人的摄影作品)。本题指照片上是贾玲。故选C。考点: 考查名词所有格。4.【2021山东德州】Bill will be aan _ to interview the football plays in the coming Rio 2021 Olympics.A. guest B. reporter C. tourist D. freely【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:在即将来到的2021年里约奥运会中,比尔将是一名记者采访足球运动员。A.嘉宾;B

5、.记者;C.游客;D.工程师。结合句意和语境可知选B。考点:考查名词辨析。5. 【2021重庆】 -Its hot today. Have some _, please. -No, thakns. Im not thirsty at all. A. waterB. potatoesC. breadD. cakes【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:-今天很热。请喝一些水。-不,谢谢。我一点都不渴。water水;potatoes土豆;bread面包;cakes蛋糕。根据答语中Im not thirsty at all.可知该选A。考点:考查名词辨析。6. 【2021重庆】Its sports ti

6、me. Most _ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. A. boyB. boysC. boysD. boys【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:是做运动的时间了。一班的大多数男学生正在操场上踢足球。名词作定语通常用单数形式,所以选A。考点:考查名词作定语。7. 【2021湖北襄阳】-Look! So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there.-Theyre for public. This of green smart traffic is everywhe

7、re in Xiangyang city.A. number B. pair C. kind D. piece【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:看!有这么多五颜六色的自行车在那边排成了两条线。他们是公用的。这种绿色智能交通在襄阳市到处都是。number数量;pair对,双;kind 种类;piece片,张,块。结合语境,所以选C。考点:考查名词辨析。8. 【2021江苏苏州】Steve Jobs was full of always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society .A. instruction B.

8、 invitation C. introduction D. invention【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:史蒂夫·乔布斯充满了发明-总是提出新的想法,这导致了社会的巨大变化。instruction指令;invitation邀请;introduction介绍,说明;invention发明。结合语境,所以选D。考点:考查名词辨析。9. 【2021海南】Theres little left at home. Go and buy some, dear.A.carrotsB. potatoesC. rice【答案】C【解析】 试题分析:句意:家里剩的马铃薯不多了,去买一些吧。A.ca

9、rrots胡萝卜;B. potatoes马铃薯;C. rice大米。因为空格前有little,它修饰不可数名词,rice是不可数名词,故选C。考点:考查名词辨析。10【2021山东青岛】Nancy took her temperature and found she had a _.A. coughB. toothacheC. cold D. fever【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:南希量了她的体温,发现她发烧了。cough咳嗽;toothache牙痛;cold感冒;fever发烧。结合语境,所以选D。考点:考查名词辨析。11. 【2021湖北孝感】Mom, I will eat less

10、 fast food this year, believe me.If you make a _, you must keep it.A. joke B. noiseC. mistakeD. promise【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:-妈妈,我今年将会少吃快餐,相信我。-如果你许下诺言,你就必须坚持它。Joke笑话;noise吵闹;mistake错误;promise诺言。结合语境,所以选D。考点:考查名词辨析。12. 【2021重庆】Its cold today. Take your with you when you go out.A. knife B. coat C. brush D

11、. key【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:今天天气冷,当你出去的时候,请带上你的外衣。A. knife 小刀; B. coat外衣; C. brush 刷子; D. key钥匙。根据Its cold today.可知,这里指的是出去带着外衣,故选B。考点:考查名词词义辨析。13. 【2021江西】 Some old people need a _ because they feel lonely. A. gift B. stick C. pet D. watch【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:因为一些老人感觉孤单,需要有宠物陪伴。A. gift礼物;B. stick棍子; C. pet 宠

12、物; D. watch手表。根据常识可知,这里指老人需要的是宠物。故选C。考点:考查名词词义辨析。14. 【2021江苏连云港】-It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language. -Yes, it's a major way of for them. A. suggestionB. vacationC. productionD. communication【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:-对于聋哑人学手语是有用的。-是的,对于他们来说主要的方式是交流。A. suggestion建议; B. vacation假期;

13、C. production成果,产品; D. communication交流,通讯。根据常识可知学习手语的目的是交流,故选D。考点:考查名词词义辨析。2017年1.【2017年上海中考】Did the policeman give much _ on how to protect personal information? A. note B. tip C. advice D. book【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:就如何保护个人信息,警察给出了很多建议吗?A. note通知;B. tip小费;C. advice建议;D. book书。A/B/D都不合题意,而且都是可数名词,而much修饰

14、不可数名词。advice建议,不可数名词。故选C。考点:考查名词辨析。2.【2017年湖北省宜昌市中考】The government is trying to develop winter sports for the 2022 Winter Olympics.-No wonder people are showing their in them.A. warmth B. interest C. victory D. standard【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:政府正在努力为2022冬奥会开发冬季体育项目。难怪人们都对它们表现出浓厚的兴趣。A.warmth,温暖,热情;B. intere

15、st,兴趣;C. victory,胜利;D. standard,标准。短语show ones interest in sth显示对某事的兴趣。根据句意和语境,故选B。考点:考查名词辨析。3.【2017年江苏省宿迁市中考】Could you give me a few on how to spend the coming summer holiday?-OK. Let me see.A. hobbies B. knowledge C. suggestions D. information【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:你能给我一些如何度过即将到来的暑假的建议吗?当然了,我想想看。A.hobbi

16、es习惯,B. knowledge知识;C. suggestions建议;D. information信息。根据句意,说话人是想得到怎样过暑假的建议,因而可以排除A、B、D三个选项。故选C。考点:考查名词词义辨析。4.【2017年陕西省中考】You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your _.A. shyness B. politeness C. quietness【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:当你和某人说话时,应该看着他的眼睛。这显示出你的礼貌。A.shyness羞涩,B.politeness;

17、礼貌C.quietness安静。根据句意,和人说话时注视着对方是有礼貌的行为,因而可以排除A、C两个选项。故选B。考点:考查名词词义辨析。5.【2017年陕西省中考】No matter what problems we meet, we should try to solve them, and even though we fail, teachers and parents us.A. are strict with B. are worried about C. are proud of【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:不管遇到什么问题,我们都应该去努力解决,即使失败了,老师和父母也会为

18、我们感到骄傲的。辨析三个形容词短语的意思,A. are strict with对严格B. are worried about为担心;C. are proud of为自豪。根据句意,可以排除A、B选项。故选C。考点:考查名词词义辨析。6.【2017年云南省昆明市中考】Many _are playing an active part in making Kunming a civilized city (文明城市).A. man B. woman C. volunteer D. volunteers【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:许多志愿者积极参加昆明建成文明城市的活动中。因为谓语动词用的是ar

19、e,是复数形式,所以句子的主语也用复数形式。A. man男士,是单数;B. woman妇女,是单数;C. volunteer志愿者,是单数;D. volunteers志愿者,是复数。根据题意这里应该用复数形式。故选D。考点:考查名词的单复数。7.【2017年苏州市中考】Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?Either day is OK. It makes no to me.A. choice B. change C. difference D. decision【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:我们星期五还是星期六去?-哪天都可以。这对我无所谓。A. choi

20、ce选择; B. change交换;C. difference差别,区别;D. decision决定。故选C。考点:考查名词的词义辨析。2018年1. 【2018年江苏省宿迁市】Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high_ from the art community for this sculpturesA. pride B. praise C. promise D. progress【答案】B【解析】句意:吴伟,一位年轻的艺术家,受到了艺术界的高度赞扬。考查名词辨析题。A. pride自豪;B. praise称赞;C. promise允诺;D. pr

21、ogress进步。根据句意语境,可知praise符合句意,故选B。2. 【2018年江西中考】I live near a big _. It gets very noisy on match days.A. hospital B. store C. bank D. playground【答案】D【解析】句意:我住在一个大操场附近。比赛日非常吵闹。考查名词辨析题。on match days在比赛日;根据句意语境,可知是操场附近,故选D。3.【2018年内蒙古包头市中考】My teacher has given me useful suggestions and I want to thank h

22、im from the of my heart.A. bottom B. condition C. way D. surface【答案】A【解析】句意:我的老师给了我一些有用的建议,我想从心底里感谢他。考查名词辨析。A. bottom底部;B. condition条件;C. way方法;D. surface表面。根据前面My teacher has given me useful suggestions可知后面此处应是从心底里感谢老师,from the bottom of my heart视为固定词组,意为“从我的心底里”,结合选项,可知A选项符合题意,故答案选A。4. 【2018年山东省青岛

23、】Could you please put some _ in my cup? Id like sweet coffee.A. sugar B. salt C. ice D. pepper【答案】A【解析】句意:你能在我杯子里放一些糖吗?我喜欢甜咖啡。A. sugar糖; B. salt 盐; C. ice 冰; D. pepper辣椒;根据Id like sweet coffee.可知是放糖;故选A5.【2018年天津市】Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden_.A. competition B. interv

24、iew C. treasure D. tradition【答案】C【解析】句意:她的微笑使我感到温暖和活力。就像一份珍藏的财富。本题考查名词。A. competition 竞赛;B. interview采访;C. treasure财富,宝藏;D. tradition传统。根据句意选C。6.【2018年江苏省徐州市】 If you don't feel well, you'd better ask for help.A. a policeman B. an accountant C. a pilot D. a doctor【答案】D【解析】句意:如果你感觉不舒服,你最好向医生求助

25、。a policeman一个警察;an accountant一个会计;a pilot一个飞行员;a doctor一个医生。根据句意If you dont feel well可知,这里说的是感觉不舒服的时候,应该找医生,故应选D。7.【2018年江苏省徐州市】You don't have to tell me your answer now. Give it some and then let me know.A. support B. help C. protection D. thought【答案】D【解析】句意:你不必现在告诉我你的答案,考虑一下,然后告诉我。support支持;h

26、elp帮助;protection保护;thought想法。根据句意You dont have to tell me your answer now可知,这里应表示让对方考虑一下再做回答,故应选D,give it some thought是固定短语,“考虑一下”。8.【2018年云南省】 - I like the named the English World very much.- Me, too. I have read it for many years.A. gar B. program C. movie D. magazine【答案】D【解析】结合后文的read,可知应该是书记一类的事

27、物,再结合所给选项,可知答案为D,9.【2018年浙江省温州市】-What was the _ of the football match last night?- AC Milan won the game.A. value B. result C. choice D. decision【答案】B【解析】句意:-昨天晚上的足球比赛的结果是什么?- AC米兰赢得了比赛。从答句可以看出前者是在问比赛的结果,选项A“价值”,选项B“结果”,选项C“选择”,选项D“决定”,故选B。点睛:本题是名词辨析类型的题目,这类题的破题点在于前面句子中的关键词,本题看到“football match”、“won

28、”就直接能知道在讨论的是比赛的结果,就能直接得出答案(result)。2019年1. 【2019 安徽省中考】You can see the in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.A. doubtB. prideC. regretD. ability【答案】B【解析】句意:当我们谈到过去70年取得的巨大成就时,你能看到我们脸上的骄傲。doubt怀疑,疑问;pride骄傲;自豪;regret后悔,遗憾;ability能力。根据句意when we talk about the grea

29、t achievements in the past 70 years可知,谈到取得的成就,应感到自豪。故应选B。2. 【2019 江西省中考】My daughter helps me cook but she isnt old enough to be left alone in the .A. bedroomB. classroomC. labD. kitchen【答案】D【解析】句意:我女儿帮我做饭,但是她不足够大的能自己在厨房里。根据bedroom卧室,classroom教室, lab实验室,kitchen厨房。根据My daughter helps me cook可知在厨房;故选D。

30、3. 【2019 江苏省苏州市】Keep quiet! I need complete when Im working.Sorry, dad. I wont make any noise again.A. trustB. silenceC. controlD. strength【答案】B【解析】句意:保持安静!我工作时需要完全的安静。对不起,爸爸。我不会再制造任何噪音了。考查名词辨析。A. 信任;B. 沉默;C. 控制;D. 力量。根据回答Sorry, dad. I wont make any noise again.可知爸爸工作时需要安静,故选B。4. 【2019 湖北省武汉市】Dad, w

31、hat is the loudspeaker saying? It is to the . The flight to Wuhan is boarding now.A. customersB. passengersC. membersD. tourists【答案】B【解析】句意:爸爸,喇叭上正在说什么?这是说给乘客的,飞往武汉的飞机正在登机。A. 顾客;B. 乘客;C. 成员;D. 游客。根据句意可知,在飞机场,登机的应该是乘客,故选B。5. 【2019 湖北省黄冈市】Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?Im af

32、raid that we have no but to take a taxi.A. ideaB. decisionC. reasonD. choice【答案】D【解析】句意:哦,天哪!我们错过了末班车。我们该怎么办? 恐怕我们别无选择,只能乘出租车了。A. idea想法;B. decision决定;C. reason原因;D. choice选择。结合语境:We have missed the last bus.和but to take a taxi.可知,由于错过了末班车。所以乘出租车是唯一的选择。故选D。6. 【2019 山东省滨州市】After years of war, the peo

33、ple in Syria are thirsty for .A. priceB. noiseC. peaceD. course【答案】C【解析】句意:经过多年的战争,叙利亚人民渴望和平。考查名词辨析。A. price价格;B. noise噪音;C. peace和平;D. course课程。根据After years of war, the people in Syrian are thirsty for _.可知句意为经过多年的战争,叙利亚人民渴望和平。设空处表达的是和平,根据After years of war结合选项可知C选项符合题意,故选C。7. 【2019 山西省中考】To keep

34、our city beautiful, the are always very busy in the streets. We shouldnt throw rubbish everywhere.A. policemen B. cleanersC. drivers【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:为了保持我们城市的漂亮,清洁工在街道上总是很忙,我们不应该随处扔垃圾。8. 【2019 江苏省淮安市】Betty has a beautiful . She wants to be a singer in the future.A. voiceB. lookC. noiseD. sound【答

35、案】A【解析】句意:Betty有一副美丽的嗓音。在将来她想成为一名歌手。A. voice 嗓音;B. look 表情;C. noise噪音;D. sound声音。根据下文She wants to be a singer in the future.可知上文是优美的嗓音。根据题意,故选A。9. 【2019 山东省青岛市】Lucy, how about going to the ?Sounds great! Reading books can give us much pleasure.A. libraryB. cinemaC. museumD. concert【答案】A【解析】句意:露西,去图书

36、馆怎么样?听起来不错!读书能给我们带来很多乐趣。A. library图书馆;B. cinema电影院;C. museum博物馆;D. concert音乐会。根据Reading books can give us much pleasure.可知,要去的地方与阅读有关,一定是去图书馆,故答案为A。10. 【2019 江苏省泰州市】My mother has a poor of direction, so she is always afraid to go out alone.A. sceneB. silenceC. serviceD. sense【答案】D【解析】句意:我妈妈方向感不好,所以她

37、总是害怕一个人出去。A. scene场景;B. silence沉默;C. service服务;D. sense感觉,判断力。根据she is always afraid to go out alone. 她总是害怕一个人出去。可知,我妈妈的方向感是不好的,因此选择sense感觉,判断力。故选D。11. 【2019 浙江省温州市】Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our ?Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.A. hotel B. school C. factory D. company【答案】A【解析】句意:先生,

38、您喜欢住在我们旅馆吗?是的,我睡得很好,而且喜欢早餐。考查名词辨析。A. hotel旅馆;B. school学校;C. factory工厂;D. company公司。根据下文的答语I slept well and I like the breakfast.睡得很好,而且喜欢吃这里的早餐,可知上文是问喜不喜欢住在旅馆里,故答案选A。12.【2019 江苏省宿迁市】Anna, how does the dress look on me?To tell you the , it doesnt fit you well.A. tradeB. trustC. truthD. treat【答案】C【解析】

39、考查名词辨析。句意:安娜,我穿这件衣服怎么样?说实话,它不太适合你。A. 贸易;B. 信任;C. 真相;D. 款待。根据句意语境,可知ABD三项意思都不合句意,故选C。13. 【2019 重庆中考B卷】We have wider in our village, so we can go out more easily now.A. housesB. roadsC. schools D. hospitals【答案】B【解析】句意:我们村里有更宽的马路,所以我们现在可以更容易地出行了。A. houses房子;B. roads道路;C. schools学校;D. hospitals医院。更宽的马路会

40、使出行变得更容易,故选B。14. 【2019 广东省深圳市】Miss Huang always advises us to practice speaking English after class.She is right. Speaking is an important language .A. signB. skillC. suggestion【答案】B【解析】句意:黄老师总是建议我们在课后练习说英语。她是对的,说是一项重要的语言技能。A 选项 sign,意为迹象;B 选项 skill,意为技能;C 选项 suggestion,意为建议。故选 B。15. 【2019 河北省中考】I l

41、ike this song. Its by one of my favorite .A. singers                   B. dancers                  C. painters  

42、60;               D. writers【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。结合语境翻译为我喜欢这首歌。它是我最喜欢的歌手(唱得),其他三个选项分别为舞者,画家和作家,跟songs不符,故选歌手A。16. 【2019 甘肃省威武市】Here is my family . We took it last year.What a happy family!A. memberB. nameC. photoD. house【答案】C【解

43、析】句意:这是我的家庭照片,我们去年拍的。多么开心的家庭啊!A. 成员;B. 名字;C.照片;D. 房子。We took it last year中it代指空处的内容。take a photo拍照,所以表示家庭的照片,故选C。17. 【2019 湖北省孝感市】Everyone should stick to his dream.Yes. A life without a dream is like a bird without _, which cant fly.A. wingsB. waterC. cloudsD. food【答案】A【解析】句意:每个人都应该坚持自己的梦想。是的。人生没有梦

44、想,就像鸟儿没有翅膀,无法飞翔。考查名词辨析。A. 翅膀;B. 水;C. 云;D. 食物。根据下文which cant fly.可知wings符合句意,故选A。18. 【2019 重庆中考A卷】One _ of the book is missing, so I cant learn the whole story.A. copyB. pageC. writerD. reader【答案】B【解析】结合空后的内容可推知,此处指书有一页缺失了。句意:这本书有一页缺失了,所以我不能了解整个故事。copy意为复制,page意为页,writer意为作者,reader意为读者。19. 【2019 湖南省郴州市】I know little about this product.Surf the Internet, and you will get much about it.A. informationB. messageC. suggestion【答案】A【解析】句意:关于这个产品我知道的很少。上网,你会得到关于它许多信息。A. information信息,不可数名词;B. message消息,可数名词单数;C. suggestion建议,可数名词单数。much修饰不可数名词,这里用information,根据题意,故选A。20. 【20

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