考点07 形容词和副词-备战2022年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版）.doc

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1、专题07 形容词和副词命题趋势：形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类，主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面：1. 形容词的比较等级；2. 形容词词义辨析；3. 形容词短语搭配。纵观近年各地市中考题，对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中，要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫，同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。中考考查重点：一、形容词词义辨析；二、形容词短语搭配；三、副词的基本用法

2、；四、副词的分类；五、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。考向一： 形容词的分类分类说明性质形容词用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中，大量的形容词属于这一类别，多数有比较级和最高级，有程度大小的区别，可以使用程度副词修饰。funny滑稽的，lovely可爱的，healthy健康的类别形容词用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级，而且不使用程度副词修饰。financial经济的，mental脑力的，cultural文化的颜色形容词用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。blue蓝色的，green绿色的，white白色的叙述形容词这类形容词只

3、能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。afraid害怕的，alone单独的，asleep睡着的，worth值得的，ill病的分词形容词英语中有些表情感态度的动词，如excite，worry，其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化，即相当于形容词。worried担优的，worrying令人担忧的，exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋的复合形容词指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。three-year-old三岁的，ordinary-looking相貌普通的，middle-aged中年的考向二： 形容词的句法功

4、能成分说明例句作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面Its a cold and windy day today. 今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。作表语放在系动词的后面He looks happy today. 他今天看上去很开心。做补足语作主语或宾语的补足语，说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. 我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。作状语主要表示原因、伴随或方式Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。

5、【知识拓展】1. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝点热的东西吗？There is nothing important in the paper. 报上没什么重要的事情。2. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。The bridge is about two hundred metres long. 这座桥长约两百米。Last year we built a building thirteen storey

6、s high. 去年，我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。3. 多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列：限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)描绘性形容词大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词形状形容词年龄(新、旧)形容词颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。a Chinese writing desk 一张中式写字桌her charming small round pink face 她迷人的小而圆的粉红脸蛋those beautiful little old Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花

7、瓶【2020山东滨州市】It's very important for us to keep _.You are right. We should learn how to protect ourselves when we're in trouble.A. rapidB. safeC. luckyD. social考向三: 副词的基本用法 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。He is very happy toda

8、y.他今天非常高兴。What happened?I asked, rather angrily. 发生什么事情了？我相当生气地问。In spring, I can see flowers everywhere.在春天，我到处都能看到花。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？He will arrive before ten oclock.（介词，before ten oclock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。考向四: 副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：1. 时间副词：toda

9、y, early, soon, now, then, recently, still1）表示发生时间的副词：Its beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2. 地点副词：here, there, out

10、, somewhere, abroad, home1）有不少表示地点的副词：She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，后跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：用作介词：Stand up!起立！用作副词： A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词： Its the same everywhere. 到处都一样。3. 方式副词：well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：How bea

11、utifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。4. 程度副词：very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite5. 频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never【2020浙江温州 】How often do you go to the cinema?_

12、. I only watch movies at home.A. AlwaysB. UsuallyC. SometimesD. Never6. 疑问副词：where, how, why7. 否定副词：no, not, neither, nor8. 其他副词：also, too, only考向五: 易混副词辨析英语中一些词加不加ly都是副词，但是意义差别很大。hard艰难地；hardly几乎没有They work very hard.他们工作非常努力。I hardly know her. 我不怎么认识她.【2020·黑龙江大庆】Tom studies _, so he _ fails

13、the exam.A. hardly; hardlyB. hard; hardlyC. hard; hardD. hardly; hard在英文中，应该注意hard和hardly的区别，hard可以作形容词或副词，意为努力，也可以指雨大或雪大，而hardly是副词，意为几乎不。在实际使用时，应注意它们的区别。late迟到；lately最近You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。Have you see him lately? 你最近见到过他吗？pretty=very非常；prettily漂亮地The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。 T

14、he little girl is always prettily dressed.这个小女孩总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。 意思区别相近的，分别表示具体跟抽象的意思：close（具体距离上的）接近地、紧挨地；closely（抽象）亲密地They sat close together Who is closely to you, your mom or your dad?【2020安徽】China has formed a deep friendship with countries around the world. Thats true. We are working _ together in m

15、any fields. A. closelyB. nervouslyC. terriblyD. humorouslyhigh(具体高度)高地；highly（抽象）高度地，赞赏地The kites fly high in the sky. 这些风筝在天空飞得很高。His teachers think very highly of him.（老师们很欣赏他。）老师对他评价很高。【2020·江苏扬州中考】 Is Su Ning fit for the task? Hang on. I'll tell you _ whatI think of it.A. properly B. co

16、rrectly C. exactly D. highlydeep（空间的，具体）深度；deeply（抽象，感情上的）深深地He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。wide具体距离很宽；widely广泛地The door was wide open.门被开得大大的。We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。1.【2020甘肃武威市 】Af

17、ter months of looking he _ found a job. That made him quite happy.A. hardlyB. quicklyC. finallyD. sadly2.【2020贵州黔南州 】The man in blue is _ old to finish the difficult task in such a short time.A. tooB. veryC. soD. such3.【2020海南省】Uncle Liang has a great collection of _watches.A. enjoyableB. valuableC.

18、 comfortable4.【2020海南省】Although it is raining _, the policemen are still on duty in the street.A. clearlyB. directlyC. heavily5.【2020黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区 】Mom, my little sister is crying all the time.Mary, be _! She feels sick. You should take good care of her.A. patientB. quietC. honest6.【2020黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区 】C

19、an you catch what I said?Sorry, I can _ understand you.A. mostlyB. nearlyC. hardly7.【2020黑龙江绥化】Listen to me _, or you can't follow me.A. careB. carefulC. carefully8.【2020江苏省淮安市】Peter, have you heard of the song Let it go? Yes, it sounds _ and it's popular among young people.A. niceB. badC. t

20、erribleD. strange9.【2020南通市】David is crazy about Chinese history. He _ visits the museums first wherever he travels in China.A. neverB. seldomC. sometimesD. always10.【2020江苏泰州市】Its a_ idea to build cabin hospitals (方舱医院) to receive patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 (新冠肺炎).A. cheerfulB. classi

21、calC. creativeD. curious11.【2020无锡市】Cheer up, son! You have friends here. Youre not _.A. aloneB. awakeC. afraidD. asleep12.【2020无锡市 】Look, Grandma! _ click on this icon, and then you can talk to the doctor.So easy? Do I need a special number or something?A. SimpleB. SimplyC. EasyD. Easily13【2020徐州市】

22、My grandma is a really nice person one of_ people I know.A. niceB. nicerC. nicestD. the nicest14.【2020无锡市 】Its lucky we booked a room; otherwise well have _to stay now.A. somewhereB. anywhereC. nowhereD. everywhere15.【2020盐城市】Tan Dun has brought Chinese and Western music together.A. successfullyB. h

23、opefullyC. harmfullyD. peacefully16.【2020盐城市】Although Zhong Nanshan knows the new virus is more to old people, he cares little for his own safety.A. politeB. dangerousC. friendlyD. important17.【2020扬州市 】I hate rain. It never ends. Dear, dont think of it. Try to be_ and enjoy things.A. carefulB. chee

24、rfulC. usefulD. faithful18.【2020扬州市 】Is Su Ning fit for the task?Hang on. Ill tell you_ what I think of it.A. properlyB. correctlyC. exactlyD. highly19.【2020镇江市】My English teacher is a_ lady and she often corrects my pronunciation again and again.A. patientB. creativeC. modestD. curious20.【2020江西省 】

25、Tina _ drives to work. But today she drives because of the rain.A. alwaysB. oftenC. sometimesD. hardly21.【2020沈阳市】Chinese food is so delicious that _ foreigners are learning to cook it.A. manyB. muchC. fewD. little22.【2020铁岭葫芦岛】Our Chinese teacher is so _ that each students likes her.A. patientB. lu

26、ckyC. shyD. busy23.【2020铁岭葫芦岛】He is too lazy so he _ does housework. We shouldn't learn from him.A. almostB. hardlyC. probablyD. exactly24.【2020东营市】Everyone in our neighborhood loves my grandma because she is _ kind to others.A. neverB. alwaysC. seldomD. sometimes25.【2020东营市】 Mummy, why do you h

27、ave grey hair? Because you always make me _. Oh, I know why my grandmas hair is white.A. boredB. worriedC. relaxedD. surprised1.【2020 重庆市永川区质量检测（一诊）】The price of gold is_ than before.A. expensiveB. more expensiveC. highD. higher2.【2020 重庆市南开中学下学期阶段检测】 Listen! It's raining _ outside. Wow, look! T

28、he yard is full of rainwater now!A. stronglyB. hardlyC. greatlyD. heavily3.【2020 北京市昌平区初三年级二模】Mike is growing fast. Now he is even _ than his father.A. tallB. tallerC. tallestD. the tallest4.【2020 安徽省合肥市九年级模拟考试（二）】Lindas father hates waiting in long linesI think hes just not very_A. patient B. talen

29、ted C. popular D. powerful5.【2020 江西省宜春市高安市二模】Ken was_ late for school. The bell rang right after he entered the classroom.A. stillB. alwaysC. alreadyD. almost6.【2020 福建省龙岩市九年级学业（升学）质量检查英语试题】My parents are_ me because I won first place in an English speech competition.A. angry withB. proud ofC. worr

30、ied about7.【2020 山东省济南市市中区二模】Jack, the school bus will pick you up at 7 oclock. Dont stay up late.OK, Mom. Ill finish my homework_ and go to bed early.A. easilyB. quicklyC. quietlyD. clearly8.【2020 北京市101中学中考三模】I don't think physics is _ of the subjects we have learned.A. the most difficultB. mo

31、st difficultC. more difficultD. the more difficult9.【2019 天津市河北区二模】Lets wait for Tony and Daming. They are always at the back of the group and are walking _ than us.A. fasterB. fastestC. more slowlyD. most slowly10.【2019 山东省临沂市九年级中考押题（二)】Among these children，Jim has_ life and he lives_. AThe most happy；most happilyBthe happiest；most happilyCthe happiest；happiestDthe happier; more happily