专练20 说明文体类七选五(解析版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc

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1、备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）20说明文体类七选五【命题意图】 阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了新课标用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。 从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理

2、解和掌握。可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。【考试方向】 分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对

3、完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的积句而成章，积章而成篇。就是这个道理。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。 语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连

4、接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。【得分要点】 （1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为开门见山与末尾点题的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句

5、不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为结尾总结式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。（2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承

6、接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。【真题再现】【2020·新高考全国卷I（山东）】阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Some indivi

7、duals are born with a gift for public speaking. 16 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of

8、the”speaking. “ 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. Peoples attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people

9、only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message. So, dont stop speaking when you make a mistake unless its a truly serious one. 18 Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skill

10、s on a consistent basis. 20 Its rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably cant count the times that youve thought, “Im glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit sho

11、rter than anticipated. Its better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.A. Do the opposite.B. You want to be an effective public speaker.C. You don t need to apologize for a minor slip.D. When it comes to public speaki

12、ng, less is usually more.E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audienceF. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listenersG. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.【答案】16. G 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些

13、原则。16.本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题-演讲者要训练。故选G。17.下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。18.本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不

14、要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。19.本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。20.下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结

15、束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。【题型演练】1Why do people take “selfies(自拍)”Researchers at Syracuse University in New York tried to answer that question. 1. People who post selfies and use editing software to make themselves look better show behavior connected to admiring themselves too much, the S

16、yracuse researchers said. 2. As social media can be shallow, it is a good place for people to “work towards satisfying their own overmuch pride.”3. People who post group selfies show a need for popularity and a need to belong to a group, the Syracuse University research found. Other findings from th

17、e study include: There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and how often they use editing software. 4. The Newhouse Schools Associate Professor Makana Chock worked on the study. She said, posting selfies on social media is not all that different from what people have don

18、e for many years. On trips, our parents and grandparents used cameras to take photos. Before social media, people would bring back photos to show friends and family. You had no choice but to look at them. If you are a nice person, you commented about how nice everyone in the photos looked, especiall

19、y children and the person showing the photos. 5. On social media, it is a different experience. People can decide not to look at photos of their friends and family even if they click “like” or even “love” under the Facebook selfie.A. That was the old way of “clicking” like.B. They came up with some

20、surprising answers.C. Different people have different opinions about it.D. Such people think very highly of themselves, especially how they look.E.Both cameras and phones are useful tools to record peoples experiences.F.There are other reasons, besides admiring themselves, why people post selfies.G.

21、But men desire to be seen as popular more than women when posting selfies.【答案】1. B 2. D 3. F 4. G 5. A【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了一些研究，关于人们为什么会迷恋自拍并且把它们放到社交网站上。1. 上文“Researchers at Syracuse University in New York tried to answer that question.（纽约锡拉丘兹大学的研究人员试图回答这个问题。）”说明下文将会是研究人员的解释，下文“People who post selfies and

22、use editing software to make themselves look better show behavior connected to admiring themselves too much, the Syracuse researchers said.（锡拉丘兹大学的研究人员表示，那些上传自拍照并使用编辑软件美化自己的人，表现出的行为与过于自我欣赏有关。）”是研究人员给出的结果，B项“They came up with some surprising answers.（他们给出了一些令人吃惊的答案）”承上启下，故选B。2. 上文说到，那些上传自拍照并使用编辑软件美化自

23、己的人，表现出的行为与过于自我欣赏有关，D项“Such people think very highly of themselves, especially how they look.（这些人对他们自己尤其是外表评价很高。）”与上文意思相衔接，故选D项。3. 下文“People who post group selfies show a need for popularity and a need to belong to a group, the Syracuse University research found.（锡拉丘兹大学的研究发现，人们发布集体自拍表明他们需要受欢迎和属于一个群体

24、。）”说明了人们在社交网站晒自拍的另一个原因，F项“There are other reasons, besides admiring themselves, why people post selfies.（除了自我欣赏，人们晒自拍还有其他原因。）”放在本段开头，承接下文，起到过渡作用，故选F项。4. 上文“Other findings from the study include: There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and how often they use editing sof

25、tware.（该研究的其他发现包括:男性和女性发布自拍的频率以及他们使用编辑软件的频率没有太大差别。）”说明男性和女性在对待自拍上的相同之处，G项“But men desire to be seen as popular more than women when posting selfies.（但在发布自拍时，男性希望比女性更受欢迎。）”讲了不同点，与上文相衔接，故选G项。5. 上文“Before social media, people would bring back photos to show friends and family. You had no choice but to

26、look at them. If you are a nice person, you commented about how nice everyone in the photos looked, especially children and the person showing the photos.（在社交媒体出现之前，人们会带回照片给朋友和家人看。你别无选择，只能看着它们。如果你是个好人，你会说照片里的每个人看起来都很好，尤其是孩子和展示照片的人。）”讲述了以前人们在他人展示照片时表达认可和夸赞的方式，A项“That was the old way of “clicking” lik

27、e.（这是老式的点赞方式）”是对前文的总结，故选A项。2A “gap year” is a period of time when a student takes a break before going to university, or before a postgraduate course. 6. That helps young people with useful learning experiences, new skills and makes them more independent. Employers and universities want to see evide

28、nce of enterprise, maturity and commitment.Many choose to do voluntary work. This could include teaching in the mountains in Nepal, a conservation project in Madagascar. 7. The top five travel destinations were Tibet, Indonesia, Taiwan, Eastern Europe and Canada.8. Some young people look for work if

29、 they need to earn money for accommodation and food. Popular jobs include bar work, fruit picking and being a tour guide.Julie Taylor graduated from Hull University and now works as a manager in an international company. She says: “During my gap year, I spent four months in Kenya teaching English, a

30、rt and physical education to children aged 8-18. 9. I am very happy that I didnt head off to university straight after school because I learned a lot about myself. I worked beforehand to pay for the trip, showing I had good self-motivation and organizational skills, and I was able to get by on very

31、little money. Employers see that climbing to an altitude of 4,985m shows strength and determination. 10. ”A. How do the students like it?B. It is often spent in traveling or working.C. Not everyone can put that on their resumes (简历)!D. I am very proud that I worked and travelled a lot there.E.Lots o

32、f gap year students just want to see more of the world.F.Then I travelled the country and even climbed Mount Kenya.G.Most students for a gap year take on a part-time job to save up for the trip.【答案】6. B 7. E 8. G 9. F 10. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了间隔年和学生在间隔年的活动。6. 根据前句“A “gap year” is a period of time wh

33、en a student takes a break before going to university, or before a postgraduate course.(“间隔年”是指学生在上大学或研究生课程之前的一段时间。)”可知，这里介绍“间隔年”的定义和用途。所以选择项B“It is often spent in traveling or working.(通常用于旅游或工作。) ”符合上下文语境。选择项中“It”代指前句中的“gap year”。故选B。7. 根据后句“The top five travel destinations were Tibet, Indonesia,

34、Taiwan, Eastern Europe and Canada. (排名前五的旅游目的地分别是西藏、印度尼西亚、台湾、东欧和加拿大。)”可知，很多学生利用间隔年来旅游，多看看世界。所以选择项E“Lots of gap year students just want to see more of the world. (很多间隔年的学生只是想多看看世界。) ”符合上下文语境。故选E。8. 根据前句“Some young people look for work if they need to earn money for accommodation and food. (一些年轻人如果需要挣

35、钱住宿和买食物，就去找工作。)”可知，这里介绍为“间隔年”旅行需要做的准备。所以选择项G“Most students for a gap year take on a part-time job to save up for the trip. (大多数学生在间隔年做兼职工作，为旅行攒钱。) ”符合上下文语境。选择项中“job”和前句中的“work”相一致。故选G。9. 根据前句“She says: “During my gap year, I spent four months in Kenya teaching English, art and physical education to

36、children aged 8-18. (她说：“在我的间隔年，我花了4个月在肯尼亚教8-18岁的孩子英语、艺术和体育。)”可知，这里介绍Julie Taylor在间隔年的经历。所以选择项F“Then I travelled the country and even climbed Mount Kenya. (然后我游历了这个国家，甚至还爬上了肯尼亚山。) ”符合上下文语境。选择项中“Kenya”和前句中的“Kenya”相一致。故选F。10. 根据前文“I worked beforehand to pay for the trip, showing I had good self-motiva

37、tion and organizational skills, and I was able to get by on very little money. Employers see that climbing to an altitude of 4,985m shows strength and determination. (我提前工作来支付这次旅行的费用，这表明我有良好的自我激励和组织能力，而且我能够靠很少的钱生活。雇主们认为爬到4985米的高度显示了力量和决心。)”可知，这里介绍Julie Taylor在间隔年所体现的良好优点。所以选择项C“Not everyone can put

38、that on their resumes (简历)!(不是每个人都能把这些写进简历的!)”符合上下文语境。选择项中“that”代指前句中Julie Taylor的良好优点。故选C。3My dad passed away yesterday and I am processing everything. It's hard to try and find positivity in my pain, but my Dad taught me so much when he was healthy, and when he wasn't, I wanted to share so

39、me of the lessons.Be on the phone less. This one seems strange but in his final moments I was all in, no checking my phone because it really didn't matter.11. This was a moment I needed to remember and I would have regretted it if I was distracted in this part of his journey.12. Sometimes we nee

40、d people to lean on My mom and dad needed a lot of help. I needed a lot of help. We were surrounded by people willing to help us and instead of shutting them out like we've done in the past, we let them in and it was exactly what we needed.Not everyone will understand your experience.13. Just kn

41、owing people are here for us means a lot, but I also know that no one will fully understand my experience and that's okay as we are all different.Family is not necessarily the people who brought you into this world. I am adopted and I know we chose each other.14. I also loved my father very much

42、.There's nothing more important than being with the ones you love. I was able to hold my Dad when he took his last breath. My mom and I made sure that my dad knew he was loved through this journey.15. Everything else is secondary.A. All that mattered was him.B. Love is what truly matters.C. Surr

43、ound yourself with a support system.D. And he loved me more than anyone on this Earth.E.It's okay not to remember the reason for everythingF.Really, we can handle more than we ever thought possible.G.This was a long and hard journey for my mom and I and all of those who care about us.【答案】11. A 1

44、2. C 13. G 14. D 15. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者讲述了和家人在爸爸最后的时刻里一直陪伴爸爸，并用自己的亲身经历给我们分享了一些经验。11. 根据上一句This one seems strange but in his final moments I was all in, no checking my phone because it really didn't matter. 这条似乎很奇怪，但在他最后的时刻，我全神贯注，没有查看手机，因为这真的不重要。以及下一句This was a moment I needed to remember and I woul

45、d have regretted it if I was distracted in this part of his journey. 这是我需要记住的时刻，如果我在他的这段旅程中分心了，我会后悔的。可知，此处内容与此时重要的是作者的爸爸有关，选项A“重要的是他。”符合题意。故选A。12. 根据下文Sometimes we need people to lean on My mom and dad needed a lot of help. I needed a lot of help. We were surrounded by people willing to help us and

46、instead of shutting them out like we've done in the past, we let them in and it was exactly what we needed. 有时我们需要人们让我妈妈依靠，我的爸爸需要很多帮助。我需要很多帮助。我们周围都是愿意帮助我们的人，我们没有像过去那样把他们拒之门外，而是让他们进来，这正是我们所需要的。可知，此处内容与让周围那些愿意帮忙的人帮助自己有关，选项C“给自己一个支持系统。”符合题意。故选C。13. 根据下一句Just knowing people are here for us means a l

47、ot, but I also know that no one will fully understand my experience and that's okay as we are all different. 知道有人在身边对我们来说意义重大，但我也知道没有人会完全理解我的经历，这没关系，因为我们都是不同的。可知，此处内容与这是一个漫长且辛苦的旅程有关，选项G“对我和我的母亲以及所有关心我们的人来说，这是一个漫长而艰难的旅程。”符合题意。故选G。14. 根据下一句I also loved my father very much. 我也非常爱我的父亲。可知，此处内容与作

48、者的爸爸非常爱作者有关，选项D“他爱我胜过世上任何人。”符合题意。故选D。15. 根据下一句Everything else is secondary. 其他一切都是次要的。可知，此处内容与爱才是真的重要的有关，选项B“爱才是真正重要的。”符合题意。故选B。4Developing Interpersonal RelationshipsOne of the biggest keys to happiness is having strong interpersonal relationships. I believe that relationships are key to leading a

49、fulfilling and contented life. Like anything worth having in life, they take some work to develop and maintain.In the spirit of clarity, its good idea to take a quick look at the definition of interpersonal relationships. 16. This can extend from family to friends, to work associates, to neighbors, or clubs and on and on. It can be a relationship in any con