专练09 人物传记类阅读理解(原卷版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc

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1、备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）09专练09 人物传记类阅读理解【命题意图】 阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。【考试方向】记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态

2、度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；（2）若是哲理故事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 逸闻趣事，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。【得分要点】高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。一、记叙文写作特点 记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、

3、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。 就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓一篇之妙，在于落句。二、记叙文命题特点 从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解

4、，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。三、记叙文答题技巧 一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。No.1 顺藤摸瓜 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（w

5、hat, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。No.2 左顾右盼 在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。No.3 刨根问底 如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个

6、一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如What can be inferred from ?或是What does the author imply in?之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。No.4 拨云见日 每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通

7、篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。这时，你不仅需要左顾右盼，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。【真题再现】 【2020·新高考全国卷I，B】Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore frui

8、t when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids.

9、After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of

10、her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close t

11、o home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she

12、 remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,''

13、; she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.4. What did Jennifer do after high school?A. She helped her dad with his work.B. She ran

14、 the family farm on her own.C. She supported herself through college.D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?A. To take care of her kids easily.B. To learn from the best nurses.C. To save money for he

15、r parents.D. To find a well-paid job there.6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A. Her health.B. Her time with family.C. Her reputation.D. Her chance of promotion.7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story?A. Time is money.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Hard work pays off.D. Educat

16、ion is the key to success.【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。4.细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money

17、 set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。5.细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield becaus

18、e she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kid

19、s easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。6.细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。7.推理判

20、断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and tha

21、ts the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励-这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。【题型演练】1The 2020 Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to former U.S.

22、 Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）Louise Gluck. The prize committee cited “her unique poetic voice that with plain beauty makes individual existence universal”. Gluck is the first American woman to win the award since Toni Morrison in 1993. Gluck, 77, joins a list of literary giants and previous Nobelists who inc

23、lude, in this century, Canadian short-story master Alice Munro, Chinese magical-realist Mo Yan, etc.Glucks work includes 12 collections of poetry and a few volumes of essays on literary writing. “All are characterized by a striving for clarity（清晰）. Childhood and family life, the close relationship w

24、ith parents and siblings, is a theme that has remained central to her,” Anders Olsson, the chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature, said. “She seeks the universal, and in this she takes inspiration from myths and classical motifs,” Olsson added, citing her 2006 collection Averno, which the co

25、mmittee described as “masterly” for its “visionary interpretation of the myth of Persephones (珀尔塞福涅) fall into hell in the captivity (囚禁) of Hades(哈得斯), the god of death”.Being a professor at Yale and a resident of Cambridge, Gluck also served as U.S. Poet Laureate from 2003 to 2004 and is no strang

26、er to awards. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1993 for her collection of poems titled The Wild Iris, in which “she describes the incredible return of life after winter in the poem Snowdrops,” the Nobel literature committee said Thursday. She also won the 2014 National Book Award for the poem Faithful

27、and Virtuous Night. In 2016, President Obama awarded the National Humanities Medal to Gluck in a White House ceremony.The publicity-shy Gluck did not immediately issue any comment about the latest honor for her body of work, which spans more than half a century. In a 2012 interview, she acknowledged

28、 that prizes can make “existence in the world easier” but did not amount to the immortality(不朽) of a true artist.1. What can we know about Gluck from Paragraph 1?A. She is as popular as the Chinese novelist Mo Yan.B. She won the Nobel Prize for her special literary style.C. She is the first American

29、 to win a Nobel Prize in literature.D. She is the only Poet Laureate in modern American history.2. What do Glucks poems mainly focus on?A. Daily life.B. Nature.C. Careers.D. Classical myths.3. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3?A. To show Glucks contributions to literature.B. To prove Glucks great p

30、assion for writing.C. To present Glucks outstanding achievements.D. To stress Glucks influence on other poets.4. What does Gluck think about the honor she has received?A. She is content with it.B. She takes it very seriously.C. She deserves a higher honor.D. She doesnt attach great importance to it.

31、2Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett”. For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family.

32、One day, Ashleys wife tried to strike Mumbets sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued（起诉）for

33、her freedom. While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom the first slave in Massachusetts to do so u

34、nder the new constitution. Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendant（后裔）. One of her great-grandchildren was W

35、. E. B. Du Bois, one of the founders of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights. Mumbets tombstone, still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. Sh

36、e could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal. ”5. What led to Mumbet running away from the Ashleys?A. Finding a new employer.B. Wanting to be a lawyer.C. Being abused and angry.D. Attending to her sister.6. What influence did the discussion of the new constituti

37、on have on Mumbet?A. It helped Mumbet to better serve the Ashleys.B. It reminded Mumbet to win her equality and freedom.C. It caused Mumbet to violate the new constitution.D. It helped Mumbet to apply for a job smoothly.7. What do we know about Mumbet after the trial?A. She chose to work for a lawye

38、r.B. She became a writer in her own field.C. She founded the NAACP for her grandchildren.D. She jumped at the chance to be a paid employee.8. What is the text mainly about?A. A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.B. The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.C. The life of a brave African Ame

39、rican woman.D. A trial that shocked the whole world.3Rose McGee bakes sweet potato pies for mourning communities all over the country. This year, she found herself serving sweet relief in her own backyard. On the first night of the police curfew in Minneapolis last summer, Rose McGee barely slept. &

40、quot;People I know were out on the streets, says the 69-year-old resident of nearby Golden Valley. "I was worried.” McGee decided to stay up the following night and bake sweet potato pies.In the morning, goods were first sent to mourners at George Floyd's memorial site. She delivered her ba

41、ked goods first to just 14 miles away, and then to protestors and volunteers at the Minneapolis branch of the NAACP. The following weekend, she took dozens more to a temporary food distribution center in St. Paul where many grocery stores had been destroyed.Sadly, McGee has made Sweet Potato Comfort

42、 Pies, as she calls them, all too often in recent years. She baked her first pack in 2014, after news of unrest broke out in Ferguson, Missouri, following the police killing of Michael Brown. McGee drove more than 500 miles to Ferguson to personally deliver the 30 pies she had made in the same year.

43、 The next year, she shipped more to Charleston, South Carolina, where nine worshippers had been shot dead at the Mother Emanuel AME Church. After two years, McGee's pies comforted those in and around Minneapolis after police officers fatally shot Jamar Clark and Philando Castile. “Looking at tho

44、se who are in suffering, I am in sorrow. I'm looking forward to comforting them. As people carry these pies, they're able to have dialogues, able to listen to each other.” McGee says, “If we don't start listening more, I don't know how we'll ever be able to move forward. The pies

45、 are simply what can promote that.”9. The reason why McGee was worried on that night is that .A. her neighbors might stay up too lateB. potato pies were not enough to distributeC. many neighbors were arrested by the policeD. people hung out together in the night against the curfew10. What happened i

46、n the year of 2015?A. The police and residents came into battle.B. Nine worshippers were killed by gunshot.C. The police murdered Jamar Clark purposely.D. McGee baked her first sweet potato pies successfully.11. McGee made Sweet Potato Comfort Pie to .A. warn the police not to mistreat citizensB. co

47、mfort those who suffered family abuseC. motivate the residents to fight for fairnessD. teach people how to build a good relationship12. What does the underlined word "that" in the last paragraph refer to?A. People's helping in suffering.B. The relief from victims in accidents.C. The co

48、mfort given to people in hardship.D. People's being willing to communicate.4A history of vaccinationEBOLA, a deadly virus, has become one of the worlds biggest problems this summer. Since last December, it has killed over 1,200 people, most of them in West Africa.Scientists all over the world ar

49、e acting to stop the “monster”. They are developing medicines, but more importantly, they are experimenting with vaccines to prevent people from getting infected in the first place.That change happened largely because of the British doctor and scientist Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccination. Vaccination has always been a powerful shield agains