专练21 记叙文体类完形填空(原卷版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc

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1、备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）21记叙文体类完形填空【命题意图】 完形填空是语言知识运用的第一节，共20小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇约250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。【考试方向】全国卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅。从选材到试题的设置都呈现出稳中有变的特点：1. 题材相对稳定：文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后 能给考生带来心灵的启迪。且文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有积极的教育意

2、义，体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。2. 文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中，全文设置20 个空格，要求考生根据文章的整体内容，从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项， 很少涉及纯语法知识试题。3. 稳定中有变化：近几年高考完形填空在选项的设置上，打破了传统的四个选项类别一致的命题规律。如2019年浙江卷第41题和45题四个选项中两个动词短语，两个为动词； 2015年全国卷的第44题的四个选项中，有两个以-ly结尾的副词，另外两个副词为outside和by；2016年全国卷的第52题的四个选项中设置了三个形容

3、词和一个副词，第47题和第54题的四个选项均由两个动词及两个动词词组构成，第59题把两个动词及两个介词短语设置为一组选项。此外，2016年增加了对代词的考查，考生备考时需要注意。【试题解析】记叙文一直受高考完形填空命题者的青睐，在高考完形填空题材中占有相当大的比重。这是因为其有人物、情节发展等线索可循，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。这种类型的试题，更能考查考生根据文章的整体内容选择符合文章情节的答案，可以充分体现考生对事物的应变能力。仔细研读近几年高考完形填空我们不难发现，记叙文是出现频率最高的一类文体，多以记人和叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描

4、写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件发展过程，用以表现作者的态度和观点。记叙文多以人的思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：1.首句完整，线索清楚一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。2.叙述灵活，侧重语境。文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作

5、出选择。3.实词为主，虚词为辅。高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200280个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。【得分要点】在记叙文类完形填空的解题过程中，除了需要具备扎实的语言知识之外，还需要一套过硬的解题方法和技巧，很明显，如果掌握了正确的解题思路，就会起到事半功倍的效果，从而大幅度提高正确率。1. 读透首句，掌握主旨重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点

6、明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的突破口。2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。3. 身临其境，故事重构采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常

7、识。4. 关注末段，注意感想最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。5. 浏览全文，复查核定根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：（1）语意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。【真题再现】【2020·新高考全国卷I（山东）】阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.

8、 The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something _23_ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the _24_ it caused had driven away a numbe

9、r of birds. _25_, the number of snakes had declined as well. He _26_ that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the 27 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28 during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that noth

10、ing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 31 young plants in the dry season was 32 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 33 of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 rainwater. The w

11、ater would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.Molai _35_ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.21. A. dreamB. jobC. homeD. choice22. A. natureB. youthC. cultureD. knowledge23. A. preciousB.

12、 interestingC. disturbingD. awkward24. A. wasteB. tensionC. painD. damage25. A. BesidesB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Otherwise26. A. agreedB. realizedC. rememberedD. predicted27. A. noiseB. heatC. diseaseD. dust28. A. directionsB. partnersC. helpD. shelter29. A. laborB. policeC. forestD. finance30. A. re

13、builtB. discoveredC. leftD. managed31. A. DecoratingB. ObservingC. WateringD. Guarding32. A. toughB. illegalC. fantasticD. beneficial33. A. backB. topC. footD. side34. A. cool downB. keep offC. purifyD. collect35. A. returnedB. learnedC. failedD. continued【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27.

14、B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。21.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，

15、他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些”湿地”成为了他的第二个”家”。故选C。22.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了”大自然”的价值和美。故选A。23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少

16、。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。24.考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会”损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。25.考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。26.考查动词词义辨析。句意:

17、他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai”意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。27.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。28.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directio

18、ns方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供”遮蔽”。故选D。29.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的”The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向”森林”部门求助。故选C。30,考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. reb

19、uilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。31.考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的”the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗”浇水”很难。故选C。32.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来

20、说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很”难”。故选A。33.考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句”The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，

21、竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。34.考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上”收集”雨水。故选D。35.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土

22、地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他”继续”种树。故选D。【题型演练】1When Jim Grant spotted black smoke coming out of a building on his way to work, he 1 his car to call 911. Then he 2 a U-turn, circling back to take another look. Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames（火焰）shooting out of a second-floor window. Not s

23、eeing or hearing any fire engines 3 . Grant rushed to a side 4 and ran up the stairs. On the second floor, he 5 every apartment door. "Get out!" Grant shouted, No one 6 and he assumed that people had already 7 . Reaching the end of the hallway, though, Grant 8 a half-open door. He kicked i

24、t wide open, finding a 9 woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. "Let's 10 !" he screamed. The woman looked at him in confusion and said something about changing her clothes. Grant didn't wait, clutching（抓牢）the baby to his chest and 11 the boy alongside, Grant ran

25、down the hallway. When he was 12 outside, the only 13 in sight was a policeman. Grant told him about the 14 and they rushed into the smoky building. Thanks to them, a family was saved from the fire. Grant and the policeman were honored for their 15 .1. A. droveB. stoppedC. reachedD. abandoned2. A. s

26、awB. madeC. missedD. crossed3. A. burningB. leavingC. approachingD. waiting4. A. entranceB. roadC. buildingD. window5. A. lockedB. kickedC. countedD. repaired6. A. agreedB. caredC. respondedD. understood7. A. arrivedB. returnedC. hiddenD. escaped8. A. skippedB. closedC. noticedD. remembered9. A. fri

27、ghtenedB. curiousC. patientD. grateful10. A. turn backB. go upC. get outD. lie down11. A. followingB. draggingC. examiningD. passing12. A. safelyB. secretlyC. suddenlyD. previously13. A. witnessB. guideC. serviceD. help14. A. womanB. doorC. carD. baby15. A. wisdomB. generosityC. honestyD. courage2I

28、work as a waiter at a restaurant. Last night an elderly couple came into the restaurant and my co-worker 1 them. We usually do our own tables, but because we were so 2 last night that we helped each other out. Then the elderly couple 3 to me that they were ready to order.The husband began ordering a

29、nd it was very clear that he had a 4 disorder. I could tell the wife had told her husband very complexly what she wanted, as a way for him to 5 ordering. It took a while for him to order, and in the meantime she was sitting there and she looked so proud and 6 despite her husbands immense stammering

30、(结巴). Honestly, the whole thing just had a strong influence on me. It was beautiful and just made me that a huge part of 8 is acceptance, tolerance and support. She could have made the order and made things a lot 9 for her husband and avoided the 10 from other tables, but she didnt. Instead, she 11

31、him and was proud to see him 12 the order.This whole thing reminded me that life is 13 for all of us. I assumed these wealthy people had everything going well for them and Im sure they do, but it just reminded me that all of us have our 14 . I initially took their 15 of wanting to order as being rud

32、e, but I think they signaled it because he really wanted to get the order right.1. A. comfortedB. seatedC. askedD. ignored2. A. cautiousB. anxiousC. lateD. busy3. A. signaledB. pointedC. adjustedD. appealed4. A. hearingB. mindC. speechD. sleep5. A. considerB. enjoyC. imagineD. practice6. A. awkwardB

33、. contentC. upsetD. curious7. A. realizeB. expectC. wonderD. admit8. A. loveB. praiseC. rewardD. dream9. A. clearerB. slowerC. saferD. easier10. A. congratulationsB. cheersC. wishesD. stares11. A. protectedB. supportedC. evaluatedD. urged12. A. completeB. acceptC. takeD. obey13. A. valuableB. diffic

34、ultC. unfairD. peaceful14. A. strengthsB. problemsC. fearsD. mistakes15. A. commandB. opinionC. gestureD. purpose3In the Thai city of Khon Kaen a dog kept waiting around a crossroad 1 he was waiting for his owner. Many citizens believed the dog had been 2 . Some warm-hearted citizens brought him foo

35、d and water. 3 them was a middle-aged lady named Rol who came 4 .One day, a reporter 5 the dog and Rol who came to 6 some food. Then the reporter shared the story about the dog and Rol on social media. The post went viral and the photos got shared 7 times.And the photos reached the eyes of the dogs

36、8 owner, Auntie Noi. She felt heart-broken for having 9 her beloved dog during a car trip. When she learned that he had been waiting for her in the same 10 for the last four years，her heart melted.Auntie Noi told her daughter to 11 her to where the dog was waiting. When she got out of the car and ca

37、lled his name, BonBon, the dog started wiggling(扭动)his tail and came to her，but when she tried to take him 12 with her, he was 13 to follow. She didn t want to 14 the dog to come with her so she agreed to leave him with his new master. 15 , she and her daughter will come to visit him regularly.1. A.

38、 becauseB. althoughC. as ifD. until2. A. caughtB. abandonedC. keptD. involved3. A. WithB. UnderC. BetweenD. Among4. A. regularlyB. graduallyC. suddenlyD. slightly5. A. interviewedB. photographedC. drewD. dressed6. A. fall offB. fall overC. drop toD. drop off7. A. hundredB. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hu

39、ndreds of8. A. elderB. formerC. newD. young9. A. lostB. separatedC. foundD. failed10. A. platformB. spotC. stageD. screen11. A. walkB. followC. marchD. drive12. A. familyB. homeC. schoolD. factory13. A. luckyB. unluckyC. willingD. unwilling14. A. agreeB. allowC. forceD. control15. A. HoweverB. Moreo

40、verC. ThereforeD. Likewise4Muhammad Yunus, a professor of economics in Chittagong University, is the founder of Grameen Bank. His bank 1 people to borrow small amounts of money to start business. He and the bank were 2 awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to help bring millions of people,

41、 especially women, out of 3 .During his visit to the poorest 4 in the village of Jobra near his university, Yunus met a woman who made bamboo stools. To 5 her business going, she had to take out usurious loans to buy the bamboo. He went around the village and found 42 women who were in the same 6 .

42、He made a loan of $ 27 from his own 7 to the women, and told them to pay it back 8 they could. Yunus believed that if given the chance the poor would 9 the borrowed money, and microcredit could be a good business model. He got all the money back, and then he went to other 10 and did the same thing.

43、The official banks didn't want to get involved in what he was doing, so Yunus 11 to start his own bank. By July 2007, the Grameen Bank had 12 $ 6.38 billion to 7.4 million borrowers.The success of Grameen Bank has 13 similar efforts in many countries throughout the developing world, and even in

44、rich nations like the USA. More than 94% of Grameen loans have gone to 14 , who suffer from poverty and who are more 15 than men to devote their earnings to their families.1. A. agreesB. allowsC. attractsD. wishes2. A. hopefullyB. actuallyC. luckilyD. jointly3. A. balanceB. lossC. povertyD. home4. A

45、. householdsB. studentsC. teachersD. children5. A. keepB. catchC. runD. find6. A. dreamB. situationC. businessD. place7. A. tuitionB. schoolC. bankD. pocket8. A. whileB. ifC. wheneverD. as9. A. saveB. affordC. earnD. repay10. A. citiesB. villagesC. workshopsD. countries11. A. managedB. turnedC. chan

46、cedD. offered12. A. collectedB. givenC. issuedD. donated13. A. appreciatedB. inspiredC. appealedD. made14. A. familiesB. peopleC. womenD. villagers15. A. miserableB. difficultC. fortunateD. likely5Kipp's been working as a UPS delivery man for 28 years. He 1 what he does. “It's not merely a job. It's an extension of my life,” he says.With the COVID-19 keeping so many at home, the demand for 2 has skyrocketed, giving Kipp opportunities to make even stronger relationships with those on his route.Kipp makes frequent 3 at the home of Max, a 14-year-old boy with aut