2017考研英语一真题《考研推荐》.docx

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1、2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to peopl

2、e you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the eff

3、ects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 1

4、0 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thats usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a pr

5、ofessor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment i

6、n relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.A Unlike B BesidesC ThroughoutD De

7、spite2.A equalB restrictedC connectedD inferior3.A hostB viewC lessonD choice4.A recallB forgetC avoidD keep5.A collectingB affectingC guidingD involving6.A onB inC atD of7.A devotedB exposedC lostD attracted8.A alongB acrossC downD out9.A imaginedB deniedC doubtedD calculated10.A servedB explainedC

8、 restoredD required11.A ThusB StillC RatherD Even12.A defeatsB symptomsC errorsD tests13.A highlightedB minimized C controlledD increased14.A associated B equippedC presentedD compared15.A assessB moderateC generateD record16.A in the face ofB in the form ofC in the name ofD in the way of17.A attrib

9、uteB commitC transferD return18.A unlessB becauseC thoughD until19.A vanishesB emergesC remainsD decreases20.A experiencesB combinesC justifiesD influencesSection Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mar

10、k your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hoursthis is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time

11、-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public

12、support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weaponsboth fake and realpast ai

13、rport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective

14、airline security has becomebut the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another fa

15、ctor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is

16、 supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has no

17、t gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress s

18、hould look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The

19、crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned toA stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.B explain Americans tolerance of current security checks. C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contribut

20、es to long waits at major airports?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travelers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Para. 5) is closest in meaning toA quieter. B faster.C wider. D cheaper.24. One problem

21、with the PreCheck program isA a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the governments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Getting Stuck in Security Lines B PreChecka Belated S

22、olutionC Less Screening for More SafetyD Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Haw

23、aii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Haw

24、aiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. Opposition to telesco

25、pes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In th

26、eir eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living cu

27、lture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to

28、disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal c

29、alling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes

30、 on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA the im

31、portance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.B her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due toA its religious impl

32、ications.B its protective surroundings.C its geographical features. D its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly becauseA it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.C their culture will lose a chance of reviva

33、l.D it reminds them of a humiliating history.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians host

34、ility.30. The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe criticism.B full approval.C passive acceptance.D slight hesitancy. Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to le

35、ave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter a

36、nd misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their coun

37、trys economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements fo

38、r its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of c

39、onsistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isnt the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge imp

40、rovements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment. This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success, the world looks very different.So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has be

41、en the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomesall things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted aroun

42、d the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F

43、. Kennedy is cited because heA praised the UK for its GDP.B identified GDP with happiness.C misinterpreted the role of GDP.D had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 thatA GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK. B policymakers in the UK are paying less atten

44、tion to GDP.C the UK will contribute less to the world economy.D the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?A It excludes GDP as an indicator.B It is sponsored by 163 countries.C Its criteria are questionable.D Its results are

45、enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests thatA the UK is preparing for an economic boom.B it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.C high GDP foreshadows an economic decline. D it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best title fo

46、r the text?A Brexit, the UKs Gateway to Well-beingB Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDPC High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK LessonD GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic HealthText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said t