预防背部受伤.pptx

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1、预防背部受伤现在学习的是第1页，共27页OverviewyThe Working BackyContributing FactorsySpecific Risk Factors yBack BasicsyBiomechanicsyEngineering&Administrative ControlsyMaterial HandlingyProper Lifting TechniquesyBack Injury Prevention Program现在学习的是第2页，共27页The back is always working.ywhen you sitywhen you standywhen

2、you walkywhen you sleepywhen you restywhen you work现在学习的是第3页，共27页Over the yearsAn accumulation of:ywear&tearypoor postureyimproper liftingyout of shape.can lead to“back problems”现在学习的是第4页，共27页Nature of the ProblemzBasic Contributing Factorsyfatigueycongenital defects of the spineylabor intensive job

3、syan aging work forceylack of training/instruction ylack of physical fitnessyaccidents-motor vehicle,falls现在学习的是第5页，共27页Specific Risk Factorsypoor postureyrepetitive liftingyreaching,twisting,turningyheavy liftingypoor physical conditionyloss of flexibility(aging work force)yimproper liftingypoor jo

4、b designybent postures现在学习的是第6页，共27页Risk Factors现在学习的是第7页，共27页Risk Factors现在学习的是第8页，共27页Risk Factors现在学习的是第9页，共27页Risk Factors现在学习的是第10页，共27页Risk Factors-Off-the-Job 现在学习的是第11页，共27页The Natural“S”ShapeEach disc is perfectly aligned between each vertebrae.The natural“S”shape and each disc maximizes th

5、e cushioning of the spine.This helps prevent injury.现在学习的是第12页，共27页Posture&Disc PressureNote the pressure applied to spinal discs during certain activities.Only when standing upright is there no fluid absorption or release putting your back in its most safe position.现在学习的是第13页，共27页Discs&VertebraeNot

6、ice the forces applied to the spine during lifting:bent knees-regular forcesbent waist -irregular forces现在学习的是第14页，共27页Discs&Vertebrae现在学习的是第15页，共27页BiomechanicsTo minimize damage to the back;zSupport the backzStand up straight zSit up straightzMaintain a natural posturezUtilize engineering&administ

7、rative controlszUse proper lifting techniques现在学习的是第16页，共27页Material HandlingThe physical stress that is placed on the body during lifts depends on the following:xfrequency of liftxweight of loadxstability of loadxavailability of hand gripsxheight from which the lift beginsxvertical distance of lift

8、xhorizontal distance of lift现在学习的是第17页，共27页Engineering&Administrative Controls yRedesign tasks yEliminate need to lift where possibleyOrganize materials or work area effectivelyyMinimize distance for lifting and carryingPush instead of pullyStore heaviest items between knees and shoulders for proper

9、 lifting heightyEncourage employees to ask for assistance yKeep load to a minimum现在学习的是第18页，共27页Material HandlingzFor overhead liftsyUse a step ladderyUse a step stoolzPlan aheadyPlan out the jobyConsider the best method and tools to do the jobyEnsure adequate manpoweryEnsure adequate time现在学习的是第19页

10、，共27页Material HandlingzWhen lifting heavy itemsytwo-person lifts are betteryminimize weight of load by splitting it upyavoid twisting with the loadymake fewer liftsystore heaviest items at waist levelydont carry the load so faryuse lifting aids&equipment 现在学习的是第20页，共27页Material Handling EquipmentyHa

11、nd trucksyForkliftsyCartsyDolliesyCherry PickersyCranes现在学习的是第21页，共27页Material Handling Equipment现在学习的是第22页，共27页Proper Lifting&LoweringzLifting&LoweringyBend your kneesyKeep the load closeyKeep your back straightyPivot,dont twistyUse knees for support现在学习的是第23页，共27页Back BeltszGoodyReminds worker to

12、lift correctlyyReduces bending and twistingyLow costzBadyNo conclusive scientific studies on effectiveness yDifferent studies show different evidenceyPotential Muscle Weakness现在学习的是第24页，共27页Written ProgramyYOUR WRITTEN PROGRAM IS IN YOUR IOC SAFETY MANUAL.IT CONTAINS INFORMATION ON:xPurposexRisk Fac

13、torsxEngineering&Administrative ControlsxTraining xTools&Equipment现在学习的是第25页，共27页Injury Risk FactorsIdentify Risk Factorsxrepetitive liftingxreaching,twisting,turningxheavy liftingxpoor physical conditionxaging work forceximproper liftingxpoor job designxstatic bent postures现在学习的是第26页，共27页Engineering ControlsFirst&Foremost:yRedesign tasks where possibleyEngineer out the job or the taskyEliminate need to liftyChange physical force neededyReduce reach and lift distancesyModify the work area/station现在学习的是第27页，共27页