16年12月四级真题（第二套）.pdf

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1、2016 年 12 月英语四级真题（卷二） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay

2、 to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words. Part Listening Comprehension (25 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the n

3、ews report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you

4、 have just heard. 1. A. To satisfy the curiosity of tourists.B. To replace two old stone bridges.C. To enable tourists to visit Goat Island.D. To improve utility services in the state.2. A. Countless tree limbs.B. A few skeletons.C. Lots of wrecked boats and ships.D. Millions of coins on the bottom.

5、Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A. It suspended diplomatic relations with Libya.B. It urged tourists to leave Tunisia immediately.C. It shut down two border crossings with Libya.D. It launched a fierce attack against Islamic State.4. A. Advise Tunisian civilian

6、s on how to take safety precautions.B. Track down the organization responsible for the terrorist attack.C. Train qualified security personnel for the Tunisian government.D. Devise a monitoring system on the Tunisian border with Libya.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

7、 5. A. An environment-friendly battery.B. An energy-saving mobile phone.C. A plant-powered mobile phone charger.D. A device to help plants absorb sunlight.6. A. While sitting in their schools courtyard.B. While playing games on their phones.C. While solving a mathematical problem.D. While doing a ch

8、emical experiment.7. A. It increases the applications of mobile phones.B. It speeds up the process of photosynthesis.C. It improves the reception of mobile phones.D. It collects the energy released by plants.Section B - 1 - Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the en

9、d of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line throug

10、h the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A. He visited the workshops in the Grimsby plant. B. He called the woman and left her a message. C. He used stand-ins as replacements on all lines. D. He asked a technician to fix the broken production line. 9. A.

11、It is the most modern production line. B. It assembles super-intelligent robots. C. It has stopped working completely. D. It is going to be upgraded soon. 10. A. To seek her permission. B. To place an order for robots. C. To request her to return at once. D. To ask for Toms phone number. 11. A. She

12、is on duty. B. She is having her day off. C. She is on sick leave. D. She is abroad on business. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A. He saved a baby boys life. B. He wanted to be a superhero. C. He prevented a train crash. D. He was a witness to an accident.

13、13. A. He has a 9-month-old boy. B. He is currently unemployed. C. He enjoys the interview. D. He commutes by subway. 14. A. A rock on the tracks. B. A misplaced pushchair. C. A strong wind. D. A speeding car. 15. A. She stood motionless in shock. B. She cried bitterly. C. She called the police at o

14、nce. D. She shouted for help. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four

15、choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A. She inherited her family ice-cream business in Billings. B. She loved the ice-cream business more than tea

16、ching primary school. C. She started an ice-cream business to finance her daughters education. D. She wanted to have an ice-cream truck when she was a little girl. 17. A. To preserve a tradition. B. To amuse her daughter. C. To help local education. D. To make some extra money. 18. A. To raise money

17、 for business expansion. B. To make her truck attractive to children. - 2 - C. To allow poor kids to have ice-cream too. D. To teach kids the value of mutual support. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A. The reasons for imposing taxes. B. The various services money

18、 can buy. C. The various burdens on ordinary citizens. D. The function of money in the modem world. 20. A. Educating and training citizens. B. Improving public transportation. C. Protecting peoples life and property. D. Building hospitals and public libraries. 21. A. By asking for donations. B. By s

19、elling public lands. C. By selling government bonds. D. By exploiting natural resources. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22. A. It is located at the center of the European continent. B. It relies on tourism as its chief source of revenues. C. It contains less than a

20、square mile of land. D. It is surrounded by France on three sides. 23. A. Its beauty is frequently mentioned in American media. B. Its ruler Prince Rainier married an American actress. C. It is where many American movies are shot. D. It is a favorite place Americans like to visit. 24. A. Tobacco. B.

21、 Potatoes. C. Machinery. D. Clothing. 25. A. European history. B. European geography. C. Small countries in Europe. D. Tourist attractions in Europe. Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word

22、 for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the cen

23、tre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. The ocean is heating up. Thats the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earths oceans now 26 heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake si

24、nce 1865 has taken place since 1997, researchers report online in Nature Climate Change. Warming waters are known to 27 to coral bleaching (珊瑚白化) and they take up more space than cooler waters, raising sea 28 While the top of the ocean is well studied, its depths are more difficult to 29 The researc

25、hers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get abetter 30 of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century 31 of British naval ships to modem automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources, 32 wi

26、th computer simulations ( 计算机模拟), created a timeline of ocean temperature changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming from fossil fuel 33 - 3 - About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now resides at a 34 of more than 700 meters, the researcher

27、s found. They say theyre 35 whether the deep-sea warming canceled out warming at the seas surface. A. absorb B. Combined C. Contribute D. depth E. emissions F. excursion G. explore H. floor I. heights J. indifferent K. levels L. mixed M. picture N. unsure O. voyage Section B Directions: In this sect

28、ion, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the que

29、stions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. The Secret to Raising Smart Kids A) I first began to investigate the basis of human motivation-and how people persevere after setbacks-as a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments by psychologists a

30、t the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change-a state they called learned helplessness. B) People can learn

31、to be helpless, too. Why do some students give up when they encounter difficulty, whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn? One answer, I soon discovered, lay in peoples beliefs about why they had failed. C) In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability

32、depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of effort is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough. Another group of helpless children who

33、were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve hard math problems. These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success. D) Later, I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes

34、 of learnershelpless versus mastery-oriented. I realized these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different theories of intelligence. The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and thats t

35、hat. I call this a fixed mind-set (思维模式). Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challenges make mistakes more likely. The mastery-oriented children, on the other hand, think intellig

36、ence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating (令人生畏); they offer opportunities to learn. Students with such a growth mind-set were destined (注定) for greater academic success and were quite likely to ou

37、tperform their counterparts. E) We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373students for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might aff

38、ect their math grades. At the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagree with statements such as Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you cant really change. We then assessed their beliefs about other aspects of learning and

39、 looked to see what happened to their grades. F) As predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was a more important goal than getting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard. They understood that even geniuses have to work hard. Confronted by a setback suc

40、h as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views of effort, believing that having to wo

41、rk hard was a sign of low ability. They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well. Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that they would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and co

42、nsider cheating on future tests. - 4 - G) Such different outlooks had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became mor

43、e difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester-and the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them. H) A fixed mind-set can also

44、hinder communication and progress in the workplace and discourage or ignore constructive criticism and advice. Research shows that managers who have a fixed mind-set are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growth mind-set. I) How do we transmit a gro

45、wth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniuses who were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but descriptions of great mathematicians who fell in love with math and

46、developed amazing skills produce a growth mind-set. J) In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine. I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior h

47、igh. Forty-eight of the students received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessions and classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. In the growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an

48、 article entitled You Can Grow Your Brain. They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the brain to grow new connections. From such instruction, many students began to see themselves as agents of their own brain development. Despite being un

49、aware that there were two types of instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the children in the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group. K) Research is converging (汇聚) on the conclusion that great accomplishment and even gen

50、ius is typically the result of years of passion and dedication and not something that flows naturally from a gift. 36. The authors experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability. 37. Focusing on effort is effective in helping children