2022人教版高二英语新教材选择性必修全四册课文原文及翻译(英汉对照).docx

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1、Unitl People of AchievementReading and Thinking P2TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖6 October 2015This year/s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has

2、saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year

3、in Africa alone.今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促使了青蒿素的 发现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。青蒿素挽救了数十万人的生命，并改善 了数百万人的健康状况。全世界每年有超过2亿人罹患疟疾，约60万人死于疟疾。青蒿 素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking Universit

4、y Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.

5、In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2, 000 ol

6、d medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.屠呦呦是一位坚定而耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕 业于北京大学医学院。毕业后，她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。1967年，中

7、国政府组 建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人 员。在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。1969年，她 成为北京项目的负责人，并决定复阅中国古代医药文献，寻找这种疾病的传统植物疗法。 她的团队查阅了 2000多本古老的医药文献，并对280 000种植物的药用价值进行了评估。 在他们的研究中，他们发现并测试了 380种不同的中国古代疗法，这些方法为抗击疟疾 带来了希望。One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wo

8、rmwood to treat a fever. Tus team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat

9、. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that wor

10、ked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine, which was called ar

11、temisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批 干青蒿，但没有发现效果。然后，他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸，并用从中提取的液体来 治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。她 再次分析了一遍医药文献，偶然间，她发现了一句话，建议用另一种方法来处理青蒿。 她得出结论，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药用价值。她用较低的温度提取提取物，发现了一 种有效的物质。在失败了 190多次之后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的 团队成员甚至坚持

12、在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。后来，这种药物在疟疾患 者身上进行了测试，大部分受试患者都康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗 疟疾的标准药物。According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my co

13、untry. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是一个团队努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时， 她说：这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队，还有我的国家的全体人民。这一 成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。Using

14、 Language P8THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE一个改变了我们对宇宙的认识的人Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general the

15、ory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc 2. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.阿尔伯特-爱因斯坦，也许是近代物理学界最伟大的科学家，常被认为是有史以来最聪明 的人之一。他为世界做出了无数的贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的E二mc2公式。爱 因斯坦不仅是一位天才，他还是一位勇敢善良的人物，受到许多人的喜爱。This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14

16、March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and

17、 graduating in 1900.这位温和的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德国。16岁那年，他试图进入瑞士的大学学 习，尽管在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于在入学考试中，他的综合部分分数很低， 没有通过。在又学习了一年后，他成功地通过了考试，于1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。After two years of looking for work as a teacher; Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passio

18、n for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year; which was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four y

19、ears, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.在找了两年老师的工作后，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局做了一份文员的工作。在那里工作期间， 出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。同年，也就是后来被 誉为科学界的奇迹之年

20、，他发表了四篇杰出的物理学论文。此后，他逐渐以“新艾萨克牛顿” 的身份在全世界范围内闻名。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做全职研究。1922 年，他因对光电效应的解释，获得了 1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence he had to flee Germany. A

21、fter spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.1933年，希特勒在德国上台后，情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构 的大门对他关闭了。因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲呆了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯 顿高级

22、研究所担任研究员。此后，他继续在物理学和数学方面取得巨大的成就。To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his fri

23、ends birthdays. But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to

24、help explain things. After many such occasions, he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein!/z在公众眼里，他是一个长相略显古怪，但善良风趣的人。他留着浓密的小胡子，长长的白 头发，有时还像刚被电击过一样，长长长的白头发竖起来，好像刚被电击过一样。虽然他是个 天才，但他有时也会忘记一些事情，比如朋友的生日。但是，尽管他的性格有些怪癖，但他却 深受朋友和邻居们的喜爱。甚至还有一个故事，说他曾帮助过一个敲开他家门的小

25、女孩，让他 帮忙做作业。其实，爱因斯坦在街上经常会遇到一些人拦住他，请他帮忙解释事情。经过多次 这样的场合后，他终于开始说：对不起！对不起！总是把我误认为是爱因斯坦教授!On 18April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.1955年4月18日，有报道说爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为这位杰出的科学家的逝世而哀 悼。Unit2 Looking Into the FutureReading an

26、d Thinking P14SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER智能家居让生活更轻松Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house? Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer? These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead to problems. However, in the not-too-d

27、istant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.你有没有曾忘记锁门？或者，你曾经忘记关掉电视或电脑吗？这种事情经常发生在我们身 上，浪费资

28、源，有时还会导致问题。然而，在不远的将来，我们将生活在智能住宅中。当我们 外出时，智能家居会为我们锁门；当我们忘记关电视时，智能家居会记得关掉它。这些智能住 宅将使我们安全，节省能源，并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。Intelligent Controls 智能控制Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, we will be using advanced t

29、echnology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. The future home will use integrated sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into an energy-efficient mode all by itself. You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off yourself.

30、Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. All cont

31、rols will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.今天，我们必须使用电灯的开关，电器的旋钮，电视和空调的遥控器。在未来，我们每 天都会使用先进技术对家中几乎所有东西进行自动化控制。未来的家庭将使用集成的传感器来 告诉你每天早上什么时候离开家，然后自己进入节能模式。你将不再需要考虑自己打开和关闭 开关。你的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切都会为你

32、准备好。 你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目（会自动播放），而且你会发现晚餐 己为你准备好了。并且你会发现你的晚餐已经为你准备好了。所有的控制都会响应语音指令， 所以如果你想改变你的日常工作，你只要大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就会服从。Regular Health Checks定期健康检查In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record how well you sleep every night.

33、It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well. They can warn you early

34、on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.此外，你的智能家居每天都会监测你的健康状况。例如，你的床会记录你每晚的睡眠质量。 它也会检查你的体重。如果你开始有睡眠或体重问题，它会向你的手机发送警告。它还会为你 提供更健康的饮食和如何睡得更好的建议。智能马桶也会持续记录你的健康状况。如果有什么 不正常的情况，或者你有严重的疾病，比如癌症，它们可以提前警告你，并可能挽救你的生命。No More Disasters

35、没有更多的灾难Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. For example, if a water pipe starts leaking, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem before y

36、our home becomes flooded or catches fire.智能家居将能够防止事故造成的严重损害。例如，如果水管漏水或发生电线短路，你的智 能房屋将会探测出来，并给你提供相关的信息。这样，你就能在房子被水淹或着火之前解决这 个问题。This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes. In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the

37、home of today. Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.这种智能技术不是幻想。许多这样的新发明已经可以使用，并在一些家庭中使用。从这种 意义上来讲，明天的家已经是今天的家了。然而，要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需 要几年的时间。Using Language P20Should We Fight New Technology我们应该与新技术对抗吗？This morning, I saw the shocking headline:

38、Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just bec

39、ause it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon今天早上，我看到了令人震惊的头条新闻。无人驾驶汽车撞死了乘客。在文章

40、中，不同 的人说，公众应该反对发展无人驾驶汽车的想法。他们说，有些科技进步是没有必要的，甚至 会有危险。因此，我们应该停止接受技术，不要因为技术是新的，就停止接受它。据该报报道， 汽车公司已经就此次事故道歉，但死者家属表示，这还不够。尽管如此，该公司仍然声称，大 多数人很快就会有一天乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行。On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most we

41、ll known are the Amish, a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emph

42、asis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amishs quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, pollu

43、ted cities.一方面，世界上有很多不同的群体，他们在没有新技术的情况下生活得很幸福。最为人所 知的可能是阿米什人，这是一群生活在美国农村的基督徒。他们不拥有或驾驶汽车，不看电视， 也不使用互联网。他们自18世纪以来主要以农民的身份生活，在遥远的将来，他们很可能也 会以同样的方式生活。他们崇尚简朴的生活，强调勤劳、家庭和社区。他们认为这比关心奢侈 品或追随名流富人的生活要好。甚至可以说，阿米什人的生活质量更高，因为他们生活在自然 环境中，欣赏自然环境，而不是生活在污染严重的大城市，所以生活质量更好。On the other hand, new technology has provide

44、d people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even

45、if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.另一方面，这些年来，新技术给各地的人们带来了很多好处。例如，最新的天气追踪计算 机程序给人们提供了很多关于潜在的自然灾害的预警，挽救了很多人的生命。此外，互联网使 人们的朋友和家人即使身处天涯海角，也可以很容易地保持联系。它还使

46、人们可以通过社交媒 体结交更多的朋友，使人们在生活中寻找机会变得更加容易。Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an Al designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new tech

47、nology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.就我个人而言，我从科技的进步中受益颇多。我是通过社交媒体网络找到了自己的职业-AI 设计师。我一直戴着的健康监测仪，也帮助我进入了人生的最佳状态。当然，当新技术改变了 我们的生活方式，这可能是一个可怕的前景。尽管如此，我还是会始终从积极的一面去看待变 化，接受它而不是抵制它。Un

48、it3 Fascinating ParksListening and thinking P26Sarek National Park-Europes Hidden Natural Treasure萨勒克国家公园一一欧洲隐藏的自然宝藏p261 A Summer Where the Sun Never SleepsI wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or nig

49、ht is impossible. Km above the Arctic Circle, where in summer the sun never sets. Checking my watch, I see that it is 7: 30 a.m. I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge. Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. Km in the remote far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park, a place with no roads or towns.风僻里啪啦地拍打着我的帐篷，我在这声音中醒来。即使阳光明媚，也无法分辨是早上还 是晚上。我在北极圈上方，夏天太阳永不落山。我看了看手表，发现已经是早上7： 30o我离 开帐篷，走到山边。拉帕河的支流在我面