冶金学词汇.docx

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1、总 论汉文名英文名采 矿Mining地下采矿Underground mining露天采矿Open cut mining surface mining砂浆采矿Placer mining水力采矿Hydraulic mining溶解采矿Saluting mining 采矿工程Mining engineering选矿Mineral dressing Ore beneficiation Mineral processing矿物工程Mineral engineering冶金Metallurgy过程冶金Process metallurgy提取冶金Extractive metallurgy化学冶金Chemic

2、al metallurgy物理冶金Physical metallurgy金属学Metallkunde(德)冶金过程物理化学Physical chemistry of process metallurgy冶金反应工程学Metallurgical reaction engineering冶金工程Metallurgical engineering钢铁冶金Ferrous metallurgy有色金属冶金Nonferrous metallurgy真空冶金Vacuum metallurgy等离子冶金Plasma metallurgy微生物冶金Microbial metallurgy喷射冶金Injectio

3、n metallurgy钢包冶金Ladle metallurgy二次冶金Secondary metallurgy机械冶金Mechanical metallurgy焊接冶金Welding metallurgy粉末冶金 Powder metallurgy铸造学Foundry火法冶金pyrometallurgy湿法冶金Hydrometallurgy电冶金Electrometallurgy氯气冶金Chlorine metallurgy矿物资源综合利用工程engineering of comprehensive ultilization of nineral resources中国金属学会The Chi

4、nese for Metals中国有色金属学会The Nonferrous Metals Society of China形变及再结晶汉文名英文名弹性形变Elastic deformation塑性形变Plastic deformation塑性加工Plastic working 冷加工Cold working 温加工Warm working热加工Hot working临界应变Critical strain应变硬化率Strain hardening rate加工软化Workingcsoftening形变带Deformation band流变曲线Flow curve临界分切应力Critical re

5、solved shear stress滑移Slip多滑移Multiple slip交叉滑移Cross slip滑移线Slip line滑移带Slip band吕德斯带Luders bands晶界滑动Grain boundary sliding孪生Twining形变孪生Deformation twinning诺依曼带Neumann bands扭折Kinking包辛格效应Bauschinger effect应力松弛Stress relaxtion回复Recovery静态回复Static recovery动态回复Dynamic recovery多边形化Polygonization recovery蠕

6、变Creep过度蠕变Transient creep恒速蠕变Steady creep加速蠕变Accelerating creep断裂与强化断裂Fracture穿晶断裂Transgranular 晶间断裂Interganular fracure解理断裂Cleavage fracure剪切断裂Shear fracure疲劳断裂Fatigue fracure延迟断裂Delayed fracure断口Fracture surface断口形貌学fractography杯锥断口Cup-one fractuure丝状断口Silky fractuure纤维状断口Fibrous fractuure层状断口Lami

7、nation fractuure贝壳状断口Conchoidal fractuure固溶强化Solution strengthening形变强化Working hardening沉淀硬化Precipitation hardening弥散强化Dispersion strengthening纤维强化Fiber strengthening晶界强化Grain-boundary strengthening辐照强化Radiation strengthening韧化Toughening 检查及分析金相学Metallography金相检查Metallography exzamiation光学显微镜Optical

8、 miroscope镶样Mounting磨光Grinding抛光Plishing浸蚀Ctching浸蚀剂Etchant蚀坑Etch pit高温显微镜Hot-stage microscope电子显微镜Electron microscope扫描电子显微镜SEM透射电子显微镜TEM复型Replica衬度contrast电子探针Electron microprobe俄歇电子能谱术Auger electron spectroscopy场离电子显微镜Field-ion microscope原子探针Atom probe扫描隧道显微术STMX射线金相学X-ray metallographyX衍射分析X-ray

9、 diffracyion analysisX射线形貌学X-ray topographyX射线衍射花样X-ray diffraction analsis劳厄法Laue method粉末法Powder method周转晶体法Rotating method极图Pole figure反极图Inverse pole figure硫印Sulfur print无损检测Non-destructive testing超声检测Ultrasonic testing磁粉检测Magnetic-particle testingX射线探伤X-ray radiographic inspection射线探伤-ray radio

10、graphic inspecyion荧光液渗透探伤Fluorescent penetrant test涡流检测Eddy current inspection显微组织宏观组织macrostructure显微组织microstructure基体matrix共晶组织Eutectic structure分离共晶体Divorced eutectic层状共晶体Lamellar eutectic伪共晶体Pseudo-eutectic亚共晶体hypoeutectic过共晶体hypereutectic共析体Eutectoid伪共析体Pseudo-eutectic亚共析体hypoeutectoid过共析体hype

11、reutectoid包晶体Peritectic包析体peretecyoid独晶组织Monotectic structure树枝状组织Dendritic structure网状组织Network structure层状组织Lamellar structure桩状组织Columnar structure球状组织Globular structure针状组织Acicular structure维氏组织Widmanstatten structure反常组织Abnormal structure带状组织Banded structure镶嵌组织Mosaic structure胞状组织Cellular stru

12、cture过热组织Overheated structure奥氏体austenite铁素体ferrite碳化物carbide渗透体Cementite莱仕体Ledeburite贝氏体Bainite马氏体Martensite表面浮突Surface relief晶粒Grain亚晶Subgrain晶粒度Gain size织构Texture铸造织构Casting texture形变织构Deformation texture纤维织构Fiber texture裂纹Crack疏松Porosity缩松Dispersed hole缩孔Shrinkage hole夹杂Inclusion夹砂Sand inclusion

13、金属材料力学性能力学性能Mechanical property弹性Elasticity塑性Plasticity延性Ductility展性Malleability韧性Toughness脆性Brittleness滞弹性Anelasticity超塑性Superplasticity弹性后效Elastic after-effect弹性常数Elastic constant弹性极限Elastic limit比例极限proportionnal弹性模量Modulus of elasticity剪切模量Shear modulus体积模量Bulk modulus泊松比Poisson,s ratio屈服点Yield

14、point屈服强度Yield strength抗拉强度Tensile strength抗压强度Compressive strength体压缩系数Volume compressibility线压缩系数Linear compressibility抗剪强度Shear strength抗扭强度Torsinal strength抗弯强度Bending strength伸长率elongation均匀伸长率Uniform elongation颈缩Necking面缩率Reduction布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers hardness肖氏

15、硬度Shore hardness显微硬度micro hardness真实断裂强度Ture fracture strength疲劳极限Endurance limit疲劳寿命Fatigue life蠕变强度Creep strength蠕变断裂强度Creep-rupture strength冲击韧性Impact toughness断裂韧性Fracture toughness应力强度因子Stress field intensity factor缺口敏感度Notch sensitivity腐蚀腐蚀Corrosion热腐蚀Hot corrosion电偶腐蚀Galvanic corrosion杂散电流腐蚀S

16、tray current corrosion微生物腐蚀Microbial corrosion大气腐蚀Atmospheric corrosion土壤腐蚀Soil corrosion海洋腐蚀Marine corrosion液态金属腐蚀Liquid metal corrosion熔盐腐蚀Fused salt corrosion全面腐蚀General corrosion均匀腐蚀Uniform corrosion局部腐蚀Localized corrosion点蚀Pitting corrosion缝隙腐蚀Crevice corrosion晶间腐蚀Intergranular corrosion刀口腐蚀Kni

17、fe-line corrosion丝状腐蚀Folifom corrosion剥蚀Exfoliation corrosion贫合金元素腐蚀dealloying脱锌dezincification应力腐蚀Stress corrosion腐蚀疲劳Corrosion fatigue氢脆Hydrogen embrittlement氢蚀Hydrogen attack氢损伤Hydrogen damage碱脆Caustic embrittlement磨耗腐蚀Abrasive corrosion空蚀Cavitation corrosin腐蚀电位Corrosion potential腐蚀电流Corrosion cu

18、rrent钝化Passivation过钝化tanspassivation阳极保护Anodic protection阴极保护Cathodic protection保护电位Protection potential牺牲阳极Sacrificed anode缓蚀剂inhibitor防护涂层Protective coating粉末冶金黏结相Binder phase孔隙Pore孔隙率Porosity透气性Permeability造孔剂Pore-foming material相对密度Relative density松装密度Apparent density散装密度Bulk density摇实密度Tap dens

19、ity比表面Specific surface压制性Compactibility合批Blending雾化Atomization成型Forming热压Hot pressing等静压Isostatic pressing热等静压Hot Isostatic pressing生坯Green compact粉末热挤压Powder hot extrusion回弹Spring back粉浆烧铸Slip casting固结Consolidation预烧结Presintering固相烧结Solid state sintering液相烧结Liquid phase sintering活化烧结Activated sint

20、ering加压烧结Pressure sintering复烧Resintering反应烧结Reaction sintering润湿性Wettability复压Repressing浸渍Impregnation粉末锻造Powder forging注射成型Injection forming烧结铁Sintered iron烧结刚Sintered steel硬质合金Cemented carbide金属陶瓷Cermet高密度合金Heavy metal烧结过滤器Sintere fiter固体自润滑材料Solid self-lubricant material多孔轴承Porous bearing摩擦材料Fric

21、tion material触头材料Contact material钢铁材料铸铁Cast iron熟铁Wrought iron电解铁Electrolytic iron白口铸铁White cast iron灰口铸铁Grey cast iron马口铸铁Mottled cast iron变形铸铁Modified cast iron孕育铸铁Inoculated cast iron冷硬铸铁Chilled cast iron球墨铸铁Nodular cast iron 蠕墨铸铁Vermicular cast iron可锻铸铁Malleable cast iron奥氏体铸铁Austenitic cast iro

22、n贝氏体铸铁Bainitic cast iron结构钢Constructional steel软钢Mild steel普通碳素钢Pain carbon steel正火钢Normalized steel热轧钢Hot rolled steel高强度低合金钢High-strength low-alloy steel微合金钢Micro-alloyed steel冷轧钢Cold rolled steel深冲钢Deep drawing steel渗碳钢Carburizing steel渗氮钢Nitriiding steel调质钢Quenched and tempered steel超强度钢Ultra-hi

23、gh strength steel不锈钢Stainless steel耐蚀钢Corrosion-resisting steel耐热钢Heat-resisting steel弹簧钢Spring steel易切削钢Free-machining steel耐磨钢Abrasion-resisting steel工具钢Tool steel高速钢High-speed steel磨具钢Die steel钢筋钢Reinforced bar steel钢轨钢Rail steel轮箍钢Tyre steel钢线钢Pipe line steel 锅炉钢Boiler steel电工钢Electrical steel有色

24、合金材料高温合金Super alloy硬铝合金Hard aluminum alloy超硬铝合金Super-hard aluminum alloy铸造铝合金Cast aluminum alloy变形镁合金Wrought magnesium alloy铸造镁合金Cast magnesium alloy铝硅铸造合金Silumin alloy紫铜Copper电解铜Electrolytic tough pitch copper脱氧铜Deoxidlized copper无氧铜Oxygen free copper碲铜Fee machining copper with 0.5 Te铅铜Free machini

25、ng cpooer with 1 Pb黄铜Brass 孟兹合金Muntz meatal青铜 Bronze铝青铜Aluminum bronze白铜Copper-nickel alloy锌白铜Nickel silver莫内尔合金Monel压铸锌合金Zinc alloy for die casting铅字合金Type meatal功能材料功能材料Functional materials电阻合金Electrical resistance alloy锰加宁合金Magnin alloy康铜合金Constantan应变片合金Resistance alloys for strain gauge电热合金Elec

26、trical heating alloy温度敏感电阻合金Temperature sensitive electrical resistance alloy超导合金Superconducting alloy热电偶合金Alloys for thermocouple alloy镍铬电耦合金Chromel alloy镍铬硅电偶合金Nicrosil alloy镍铝硅锰电偶合金Alumel alloy铂铑合金Pt-Rh alloy钨铼合金W-Re alloy因瓦合金Invar alloy柯伐合金Covar alloy定膨胀合金Alloys with controlled expansion高膨胀合金All

27、oys with high expansion形状记忆合金Shape memory alloy消震合金Vibration-absorption软磁合金Soft magnetic alloy铁钴钒合金V-permandur alloy坡莫合金Permalloy alloy铁硅铝合金Sendust alloy磁致伸缩合金Magnetostriction alloy永磁合金Permanent magnetic铝镍钴合金Alnico alloy钕铁硼合金Nd-Fe-B alloys 储氢材料Hydrogen storage materials发汗材料Transpiring materials泡沫金属F

28、oamed metal消气材料Getter materials透氢材料Hydrogen permeating materials钱币合金Coinage metal发火合金Pyrophoric alloy核燃料Nuclear fuel非晶态合金Amorphous metal医用合金Medical alloy牙科合金Dental alloy植入合金Implant alloy手术用合金Surgical alloy智能材料Intelligent materials半导体材料Semiconductor materials梯度材料Gradient materials金属加工一般术语金属塑性加工Plasti

29、c forming of metals工程塑性Engineering plasticity应力Stress应力场Stress field应力状态Stress state应力张量Stress space应力偏张量Deviatoric tensor of stresss应力空间Stress space应力梯度Stress gradient应力-应变曲线Stress-strain curve主应力Principal stress法向应力Normal stress真应力True stress八面体法向应力Octahedral normal stress八面体剪应力Octahedral shear st

30、ress剪应力Shear stress临界切应力Critical shear stress弯曲应力Bending stress有效应力Effective stress抗拉应力Tensile stress抗压应力Compressive stress残余应力Residual stress热应力Thermal stress流变应力Flow stress内应力Internal stress附加应力Additional stress变形抗力Resistance to deformation等静压力Isostatic pressure应变Strain应变率Strain rate应变路径Strain pat

31、hs应变能Strain energy应变率敏感度Strain-rate sensitivity应变硬化指数Strain-hardening index应变时效Strain aging工程应变Engineering strain形变Deformation变形程度Deformation extent变形力Deformation load变形功Deformation work变形区Deformed zone单位压力Specific roll pressure剪切力Shearing work平面应变Plane strain永久变形Permanent deformation不均匀变形Nonhomogen

32、ous deformation轴对称变形Axisymmetric deformation体积变形Bulk forming不可压缩性Incompressibility位移场Displacement field速度场Velocity field速度梯度Velocity gradient塑性应变比Plastic strain ration塑性应变Plastic strain塑性势Plastic potential塑性失稳Plastic instability理想刚塑性体Rigid-perfectly plastic body理想弹塑性体Elastic-perfectly plastic body理想

33、黏塑性体viscous-perfectly plastic body拉伸Tension单向拉伸Uniaxial tension下界法Lower bound method上界法upon bound method本构方程Constitute equation屈服准则Yield criterion屈服面Yielding surface屈服应变Yielding strain屈服应力Yielding stress屈服曲线Yielding curve能量法Energy method 最小阻力定理The law of minimum resistance晶体塑性力学Crystal plasticity增量理

34、论Increment strain theory全量理论Total strain theory动态再结晶Dynamic recystallization摩擦Friction摩擦系数Friction coefficient摩擦角Angle of friction摩擦峰Friction hill磨损Wear/abrasion干摩擦Dry friction边界摩擦Boundary friction滑动摩擦Sliding friction流体摩擦Fluid friction表面形貌Surface topography界面特性Interfacial characteristics黏结Sticking/p

35、ick-up加工硬化Work hardening烤漆硬化Bake hardening工艺润滑Technological lubrication板成型Sheet metal forming物理模拟Physical simulation数学模型Mathematic model数值模型Numerical simulation柔性制造系统Flexible manufacturing system几何模拟Geometric simulation工艺过程优化Process optimization计算机辅助设计CAP计算机辅助制造CAM计算机辅助计划CAP计算机辅助质量控制CAQ计算机辅助工程仿真模拟Co

36、mputer-aided process simulation model计算机集成制造系统CIAS可加工性Workability成形极限Forming limit各向异性Anisotropy有限元法Finite element method过程控制Process control光弹法photoelasticity光塑法Photoplasticity变形理想功Ideal work of deformation模型化Modeling视塑性法Visioplasticity米栅云文法Moiremethod轧制轧制Rollinicg轧制力Rolling Load轧制力矩Rolling Torque轧制

37、功率Rolling Power轧制方向Rolling Direction轧制弹塑性曲线Rolling Elastic-plastic轧制模型Rolling Model轧制公差Rolling Tolerance轧制线Rolling Line初轧Blooming纵轧Longitudinal rolling角轧Dianonal rolling连轧Tandem rolling连续轧制Continuous rolling冷轧Cold rolling冷连轧Cold continuous rolling异步轧制Asymmetric rolling轨梁轧制Rail rolling有槽轧制Rolling wit

38、h grooved roll多辊轧制Multi-high rolling立轧Edge rolling升速轧制Increasing rolling切分轧制Splitting rolling皮尔格周期轧制Pilger rolling正偏差轧制Overgauge rolling平整Temper rolling半连续轧制Semicontinuous rolling行星轧制Planetary rolling负公差轧制Rolling with negative tolerance负展宽轧制Rolling with negative stretching全冷连轧Completely cold continuous rolling芯棒轧制Mandrel rolling张力轧制Tension rolling周期轧制Periodic rolling直接轧制Direct rolling环轧Ring rolling变断面轧制Rolling with varing section线材轧制