MPEG2规范.docx

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1、MPEG2规范(英文版)FOREWORDIXINTRODUCTION - PART 1 SYSTEMSX0.1 Transport Streamxii0.2 Program Streamxiv0.3 Conversion between Transport Stream and Program Streamxv0.4 Packetized Elementary Streamxvi0.5 Timing modelxvi0.6 Conditional accessxvi0.7 Multiplex-wide operationsxvii0.8 Individual stream operations

2、xvii0.8 1 De-multiplexingxvii0.8 2 Synchronizationxvii0.8 3 Relation to compression layerxviii0.9 System reference decoderxviii0.10 ApplicationsxviiiSECTION 1: GENERAL11.1 Scope11.2 References11.3 Identical Recommendations |International Standards21.4 Additional references2SECTION 2 TECHNICAL ELEMEN

3、TS32.1 Definitions32.2 Symbols and abbreviations62.2.1Arithmetic operators62.2.2 Logical operators72.2.3 Relational operators72.2.4 Bitwise operators82.2.5 Assignment82.2.6 Mnemonics82.2.7 Constants92.3 Method of describing bit stream syntax92.4 Transport Stream bitstream requirements102.4.1 Transpo

4、rt Stream coding structure and parameters102.4.2 Transport Stream system target decoder112.4.3 Specification of the Transport Stream syntax and semantics211） 2.4.3.1 Transport Stream212） 2.4.3.2 Transport Stream packet layer223） 2.4.3.3 Semantic definitions of fields in Transport Stream packet layer

5、224） 2.4.3.4 Adaptation field245） 2.4.3.5 Semantic definitions of fields in adaptation field256） 2.4.3.6 PES packet337） 2.4.3.7 Semantic definitions of fields in PES packet368） 2.4.3.8 Carriage of Program Streams and ISO/IEC 11172-1 Systems streams in the Transport Stream442.4.4 Program specific inf

6、ormation442.5 Program Stream bitstream requirements532.5.1 Program Stream coding structure and parameters532.5.2 Program Stream system target decoder532.5.3 Specification of the Program Stream syntax and semantics579） 2.5.3.1 Program Stream5710） 2.5.3.2 Semantic definition of fields in Program Strea

7、m5811） 2.5.3.3 Pack layer of Program Stream5812） 2.5.3.4 Semantic definition of fields in program stream pack5913） 2.5.3.5 System header5914） 2.5.3.6 Semantic definition of fields in system header602.5.4 Program Stream map622.5.5 Program Stream directory642.6 Program and program element descriptors6

8、72.6.1 Semantic definition of fields in program and program element descriptors672.6.2 Video stream descriptor682.6.3 Semantic definition of fields in video stream descriptor692.6.4 Audio stream descriptor702.6.5 Semantic definition of fields in audio stream descriptor702.6.6 Hierarchy descriptor702

9、.6.7 Semantic definition of fields in hierarchy descriptor712.6.8 Registration descriptor712.6.9 Semantic definition of fields in registration descriptor722.6.10 Data stream alignment descriptor722.6.11 Semantic definition of fields in data stream alignment descriptor722.6.12 Target background grid

10、descriptor732.6.13 Semantic definition of fields in target background grid descriptor732.6.14 Video window descriptor742.6.15 Semantic definition of fields in video window descriptor742.6.16 Conditional access descriptor742.6.17 Semantic definition of fields in conditional access descriptor752.6.18

11、ISO 639 language descriptor752.6.19 Semantic definition of fields in ISO 639 language descriptor752.6.20 System clock descriptor762.6.21 Semantic definition of fields in system clock descriptor762.6.22 Multiplex buffer utilization descriptor762.6.23 Semantic definition of fields in multiplex buffer

12、utilization descriptor772.6.24 Copyright descriptor772.6.25 Semantic definition of fields in copyright descriptor772.6.26 Maximum bitrate descriptor782.6.27 Semantic definition of fields in maximum bitrate descriptor782.6.28 Private data indicator descriptor782.6.29 Semantic definition of fields in

13、Private data indicator descriptor782.6.30 Smoothing buffer782.6.31 Semantic definition of fields in smoothing buffer descriptor792.6.32 STD descriptor792.6.33 Semantic definition of fields in STD descriptor802.6.34 IBP_descriptor802.6.35 Semantic definition of fields in IBP_descriptor802.7 Restricti

14、ons on the multiplexed stream semantics802.7.1 Frequency of coding the system clock reference802.7.2 Frequency of coding the program clock reference812.7.3 Frequency of coding the elementary stream system clock reference812.7.4 Frequency of presentation_time_stamp coding812.7.5 Conditional coding of

15、 time stamps812.7.6 Timing constraints for scalable coding822.7.7 Frequency of coding P-STD_buffer_size in PES packet headers832.7.8 Coding of system header in the Program Stream832.7.9 Constrained system parameter Program Stream832.7.10 Transport Stream842.8 Compatibility with ISO/IEC 1117285Annexe

16、sA DIGITAL STORAGE MEDIUM COMMAND AND CONTROL DSM CC86B CRC DECODER MODEL98C PROGRAM SPECIFIC INFORMATION100D ITU-T REC. H.222.0 |ISO/IEC 13818-1 SYSTEMS TIMING MODEL AND APPLICATION IMPLICATIONS109E DATA TRANSMISSION APPLICATIONS120F GRAPHICS OF SYNTAX FOR ITU-T REC. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1121G G

17、ENERAL INFORMATION127H PRIVATE DATA128I LIST OF COMPANIES HAVING PROVIDED PATENT STATEMENTS FOR ITU-T REC H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818130J SYSTEMS CONFORMANCE AND REAL-TIME INTERFACE132K INTERFACING JITTER-INDUCING NETWORKS TO MPEG-2 DECODERS133L SPLICING TRANSPORT STREAMS137List of Figures0-1 - SIMPLIFI

18、ED OVERVIEW OF ITU-T REC. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 SCOPEXI0-2 - PROTOTYPICAL TRANSPORT DEMULTIPLEXING AND DECODING EXAMPLEXIII0-3 - PROTOTYPICAL TRANSPORT MULTIPLEXING EXAMPLEXIII0-4 - PROTOTYPICAL TRANSPORT STREAM TO PROGRAM STREAM CONVERSIONXIV0-5 - PROTOTYPICAL DECODER FOR PROGRAM STREAMSXV2-6 -

19、 TRANSPORT STREAM SYSTEM TARGET DECODER NOTATION122-7 - PROGRAM STREAM SYSTEM TARGET DECODER NOTATION542-8 - TARGET BACKGROUND GRID DESCRIPTOR DISPLAY AREA73A-1 - CONFIGURATION OF DSM CC APPLICATION88A-2 - DSM CC BITSTREAM DECODED AS A STANDALONE BITSTREAM89A-3 - DSM CC BITSTREAM DECODED AS PART OF

20、THE SYSTEM BITSTREAM89B-1 - 32 BIT CRC DECODER MODEL98C-1 - PROGRAM AND NETWORK MAPPING RELATIONSHIPS104D-1 - CONSTANT DELAY MODEL109D-2 - STC RECOVERY USING PLL113F-1 - TRANSPORT STREAM SYNTAX DIAGRAM121F-2 - PES PACKET SYNTAX DIAGRAM122F-3 - PROGRAM ASSOCIATION SECTION DIAGRAM122F-4 - CONDITIONAL

21、ACCESS SECTION DIAGRAM123F-5 - TS PROGRAM MAP SECTION DIAGRAM123F-6 - PRIVATE SECTION DIAGRAM124F-7 - PROGRAM STREAM DIAGRAM125F-8 - PROGRAM STREAM MAP DIAGRAM125K-1 - SENDING SYSTEM STREAMS OVER A JITTER-INDUCING NETWORK134K-2 - JITTER SMOOTHING USING NETWORK-LAYER TIMESTAMPS135K-3 - INTEGRATED DEJ

22、ITTERING AND MPEG-2 DECODING136List of Syntax Tables2-1 - NEXT START CODE102-2 - TRANSPORT STREAM212-3 - ITU-T REC. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818 TRANSPORT PACKET222-4 - PID TABLE232-5 - SCRAMBLING CONTROL VALUES232-6 - ADAPTATION FIELD CONTROL VALUES232-7 - TRANSPORT STREAM ADAPTATION FIELD242-8 - SPLICE

23、 PARAMETERS TABLE 1302-9 - SPLICE PARAMETERS TABLE 2312-10 - SPLICE PARAMETERS TABLE 3312-11 - SPLICE PARAMETERS TABLE 4312-12 - SPLICE PARAMETERS TABLE 5312-13 - SPLICE PARAMETERS TABLE 6322-14 - SPLICE PARAMETERS TABLE 7322-15 - SPLICE PARAMETERS TABLE 8322-16 - SPLICE PARAMETERS TABLE 9322-17 - S

24、PLICE PARAMETERS TABLE 10322-18 - PES PACKET332-19 - STREAM_ID ASSIGNMENTS362-20 - PES SCRAMBLING CONTROL VALUES372-21 - TRICK MODE CONTROL VALUES402-22 - FIELD_ID FIELD CONTROL VALUES412-23 - COEFFICIENT SELECTION VALUES422-24 - PROGRAM SPECIFIC INFORMATION452-25 - PROGRAM SPECIFIC INFORMATION POIN

25、TER462-26 - PROGRAM ASSOCIATION SECTION472-27 - TABLE_ID ASSIGNMENT VALUES472-28 - CONDITIONAL ACCESS SECTION492-29 - TRANSPORT STREAM PROGRAM MAP SECTION502-30 - PRIVATE SECTION522-31 - PROGRAM STREAM582-32 - PROGRAM STREAM PACK582-33 - PROGRAM STREAM PACK HEADER582-34 - PROGRAM STREAM SYSTEM HEADE

26、R592-35 - PROGRAM STREAM MAP632-36 - STREAM TYPE ASSIGNMENTS642-37 - PES PACKET SYNTAX FOR PROGRAM STREAM DIRECTORY652-38 - INTRA_CODED INDICATOR672-39 - CODING_PARAMETERS INDICATOR672-40 - PROGRAM AND PROGRAM ELEMENT DESCRIPTORS682-41 - VIDEO STREAM DESCRIPTOR692-42 - FRAME RATE CODE692-43 - AUDIO

27、STREAM DESCRIPTOR702-44 - HIERARCHY DESCRIPTOR712-45 - HIERARCHY DESCRIPTOR VALUES712-46 - REGISTRATION DESCRIPTOR722-47 - DATA STREAM ALIGNMENT DESCRIPTOR722-48 - VIDEO STREAM ALIGNMENT VALUES722-49 - AUDIO STREAM ALIGNMENT VALUES732-50 - TARGET BACKGROUND GRID DESCRIPTOR732-51 - VIDEO WINDOW DESCR

28、IPTOR742-52 - CONDITIONAL ACCESS DESCRIPTOR752-53 - ISO 639 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTOR752-54 - AUDIO TYPE VALUES752-55 - SYSTEM CLOCK DESCRIPTOR762-56 - MULTIPLEX BUFFER UTILIZATION DESCRIPTOR772-57 - COPYRIGHT DESCRIPTOR772-58 - MAXIMUM BITRATE DESCRIPTOR782-59 - PRIVATE DATA INDICATOR DESCRIPTOR782-60 -

29、SMOOTHING BUFFER DESCRIPTOR792-61 - STD DESCRIPTOR79A-1 - ISO/IEC 13818-1 DSM CC91A-2 - COMMAND_ID ASSIGNED VALUES91A-3 - DSM_CC CONTROL93A-4 - SELECT MODE ASSIGNED VALUES94A-5 - DSM CC ACKNOWLEDGEMENT95A-6 - TIME CODE96C-1 - COMPOSITE_DESCRIPTOR106C-2 - SUB-DESCRIPTOR106C-3 - PROGRAM ASSOCIATION TA

30、BLE BANDWIDTH USAGE (BPS)107C-4 - PROGRAM MAP TABLE BANDWIDTH USAGE (BPS)107D-1 - REMULTIPLEXING STRATEGY115E-1 - PES PACKET HEADER EXAMPLE120I-1 - LIST OF COMPANIES SUPPLYING PATENT STATEMENTS130183List of Equations2-1 - PCR BASE142-2 - PCR EXTENSION142-3 - PROGRAM CLOCK REFERENCE142-4 - INPUT ARRI

31、VAL TIME152-5 - TRANSPORT RATE152-6 - SYSTEM INFORMATION MAIN BUFFER TRANSFER RATE192-7 - OPCR BASE282-8 - OPCR EXTENSION282-9 - OPCR282-10 - PRESENTATION TIMESTAMP382-11 - DECODE TIMESTAMP392-12 - ELEMENTARY STREAM CLOCK REFERENCE BASE392-13 - ELEMENTARY STREAM CLOCK REFERENCE EXTENSION392-14 - ELE

32、MENTARY STREAM CLOCK REFERENCE392-15 - BUFFER SIZE FOR AUDIO STREAM432-16 - BUFFER SIZE FOR VIDEO STREAM432-17 - SYSTEM CLOCK REFERENCE BASE552-18 - SYSTEM CLOCK REFERENCE EXTENSION552-19 - SYSTEM CLOCK REFERENCE552-20 - ARRIVAL TIME562-21 - SCR BASE FOR CBR PROGRAM STREAM602-22 - SCR EXTENSION FOR

33、CBR PROGAM STREAM602-23 - RATIO OF SYSTEM CLOCK FREQUENCY AND AUDIO SAMPLE RATE602-24 - RATIO OF SYSTEM CLOCK FREQUENCY TO VIDEO PICTURE RATE612-25 - CLOCK ACCURACY DETERMINATION762-26 - PACKET RATE832-27 - PACKET RATE832-28 - MAXIMUM PACKET RATE832-29 - SAMPLE RATE LOCKING IN TRANSPORT STREAM842-30

34、 - RATIO OF SYSTEM CLOCK FREQUENCY TO VIDEO PICTURE RATE84ForewordFOREWORD PROVIDED BY ISOIntroductionThe systems part of this Recommendation | International Standard addresses the combining of one or more elementary streams of video and audio, as well as other data, into single or multiple streams

35、which are suitable for storage or transmission. Systems coding follows the syntactical and semantic rules imposed by this specification and provides information to enable synchronized decoding of decoder buffers over a wide range of retrieval or receipt conditions.System coding shall be specified in

36、 two forms: the Transport Stream and the Program Stream. Each is optimized for a different set of applications. Both the Transport Stream and Program Stream defined in this Recommendation | International Standard provide coding syntax which is necessary and sufficient to synchronize the decoding and

37、 presentation of the video and audio information, while ensuring that data buffers in the decoders do not overflow or underflow. Information is coded in the syntax using time stamps concerning the decoding and presentation of coded audio and visual data and time stamps concerning the delivery of the

38、 data stream itself. Both stream definitions are packet-oriented multiplexes.The basic multiplexing approach for single video and audio elementary streams is illustrated in figure 0-1 on page xi . The video and audio data is encoded as described in ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO/IEC 13818-2 and ISO/IEC 1381

39、8-3. The resulting compressed elementary streams are packetized to produce PES packets. Information needed to use PES packets independently of either Transport Streams or Program Streams may be added when PES packets are formed. This information is not needed and need not be added when PES packets a

40、re further combined with system level information to form Transport Streams or Program Streams. This systems standard covers those processes to the right of the vertical dashed line.Figure 0-1 - Simplified overview of ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 scopeThe Program Stream is analogous and simi

41、lar to ISO/IEC 11172 Systems layer. It results from combining one or more streams of PES packets, which have a common time base, into a single stream. For applications that require the elementary streams which comprise a single program to be in separate streams which are not multiplexed, the element

42、ary streams can also be encoded as separate Program Streams, one per elementary stream, with a common time base. In this case the values encoded in the SCR fields of the various streams shall be consistent.Like the single Program Stream, all elementary streams can be decoded with synchronization. Th

43、e Program Stream is designed for use in relatively error-free environments and is suitable for applications which may involve software processing of system information such as interactive multi-media applications. Program Stream packets may be of variable and relatively great length.The Transport St

44、ream combines one or more programs with one or more independent time bases into a single stream. PES packets made up of elementary streams that form a program share a common timebase. The Transport Stream is designed for use in environments where errors are likely, such as storage or transmission in

45、 lossy or noisy media. Transport Stream packets are 188 bytes in length. Program and Transport Streams are designed for different applications and their definitions do not strictly follow a layered model. It is possible and reasonable to convert from one to the other; however, one is not a subset or

46、 superset of the other. In particular, extracting the contents of a program from a Transport Stream and creating a valid Program Stream is possible and is accomplished through the common interchange format of PES packets, but not all of the fields needed in a Program Stream are contained within the Transport Stream; some must be derived. The Transport Stream may be used to span a range of layers in a layered model, and is designed for efficiency and ease of implementation in high bandwidth applications.The scope of synt