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1、On the Normative Principles of Terminology in Business Contract Translation论商务合同专业术语翻译的规范性原则摘要： 随着全世界经济的迅速发展，中国与其他各国的贸易往来变得越来越频繁。这样导致更多的商务合同在贸易交流中被签订，因此商务合同的翻译变得极其重要。本文就商务合同翻译的首要原则，即专业规范性原则进行了分析与研究。论文一共分为五章。论文探讨了商务合同翻译的专业规范性，介绍了专业规范性的含义和特点，并且分类别的对其翻译进行了分析和总结。论文叙述了专业规范性的内容，并且对不同类别的专业术语进行研究和分析，归纳了一部分有
2、翻译技巧的专业术语。论文分析了专业规范性的特点，介绍了专业术语常用表现形式的优点和意义。商务合同翻译的专业规范性是为了更好的约束商务合同翻译的效果，使得商务合同的翻译更加规范。本文研究的内容是商务合同翻译的首要原则，是翻译商务合同的基础。只有掌握商务合同翻译的专业规范性才能在翻译商务合同的学习路程上有进一步的发展。关键词：商务合同；规范性；专业术语AbstractWith the rapid development of the world economy, Chinas trade with other countries is becoming more and more frequent
3、. This leads to more business contracts being signed in trade exchanges, so the translation of business contracts becomes extremely important.This paper has analyzed and studied the first principle of business contract translation, that is, the professional normative principle. The paper is divided
4、into five chapters. This paper has discussed the professional normative principle of business contract translation, introduced the meaning and characteristics of professional normative principle, and analyzed and summarized its translation by category. This paper has described the content of the pro
5、fessional normative principle, studied and analyzed different kinds of professional terms, and summed up some professional terms with translation skills. This paper analyzed the characteristics of professional normative principle and introduced the advantages and meanings of the common forms of prof
6、essional terms. The professional normative principle of business contract translation is to better constrain the effect of business contract translation and make the translation of business contract more standardized.The content of this paper is the first principle of business contract translation,
7、which is the basis of business contract translation. Only by mastering the professional normalization of business contract translation can we make further progress in the study of business contract translation.Key Words: business contract; normalization; terminologyChapter One Introduction1.1 Backgr
8、ound of the Research In recent years, with the rapid development of the world economy, international business cooperation is more frequent than before. Especially after Chinas accession to the world trade organization, it has greatly expanded its business with foreign countries, resulting in the rap
9、id development of international trade transactions. Commercial exchanges between China and other countries are becoming more frequent, and more contracts are being signed. Both Chinese companies and foreign partners need to have a common understanding of business contracts to seize more business opp
10、ortunities and achieve mutual benefit. This is an important factor in business cooperation. However, with more and more business cooperation, contract disputes gradually emerged. As a legally binding contract, not only because of the complicated business statements, but also because of the cultural
11、differences between countries and regions, the content of the contract may produce ambiguity or misunderstanding, and the format and content are no longer standard, no longer an official document. And there is a high risk of serious legal liability. Therefore, in order to obtain reasonable and mutua
12、l understanding of business contract translation, it is necessary to study business contract translation.The purpose of a commercial contract is to establish legally binding agreements between bilateral and multilateral parties. Therefore, the accuracy of expression and the completeness of content a
13、re extremely important. All requirements depend on whether the words expressed are strict, accurate and logical. From the perspective of words, formal words are widely used in business contracts and are strictly tested and defined. The words used in a business contract should be formal, legal, accur
14、ate and serious. There are a lot of technical terms in business contracts, including law, insurance, trade, transportation, finance and taxation. The translation of international business contract should not only have strong English and Chinese language ability and the regional culture of each count
15、ry but also master a large number of professional terms. Therefore, in order to understand and translate business contracts more accurately, it is extremely important to study terminology in business contracts.1.2 Significance of the ResearchToday, China is doing more business with the rest of the w
16、orld. The business between them needs to be bound and limited by the contract. Therefore, business contract translation plays an important role in international trade transactions and is a key factor for business success. In addition, English is the most widely learned second language and is regarde
17、d as the international language of leadership in international trade. Business contracts are subject to legal English, and there is no doubt that the terms of business contracts must be accurate, complete and concise. Business contracts should be understandable and unambiguous. All this comes down t
18、o the definition, understanding and translation of words.It is of great significance to study the translation of business contract terminology. In order to meet the translation requirements of international business contracts, translators must master a large number of professional terms. In this pap
19、er, the author describes the content and significance of the normative principles of terminology of business contract translation, analyzes the translation and understanding of legal terms and business terms in business contracts, and analyzes the characteristics and styles of the translation of pro
20、fessional terms. Through these studies, its better to grasp the professional terms in business contracts and realize the most basic requirements for translators of business contracts.1.3 Organization of the ThesisThis paper studies the normative principles of terminology in business contract transla
21、tion. The first chapter describes the background and significance of the research. Nowadays, with the rapid development of The Times, the international trade is more and more frequent, and the total types of business contracts are more and more diversified. The translation requirements for business
22、contracts are extremely strict. Chapter two is about the research and development of commercial contract terms in the 20th century and the 21st century respectively. This section describes the research achievements and significance of previous scholars. Chapter three introduces the translation of le
23、gal terms and some business terms. International trade terms, insurance terms and transportation terms are used as examples in business terms. Chapter four introduces the characteristics and styles of contract terms. Chapter five summarizes the significance and shortcomings of this paper. Chapter Tw
24、o Literature ReviewIn ancient China, foreign trade began. The first time was in 138 BC, when Zhang Qian of the western Han dynasty sent an envoy to the western regions. Before modern times, Chinas foreign trade experienced rise, boom and bust. Trade may rise and fall, but it will not stop growing. S
25、ince the development of Chinese economy in modern times, international business cooperation has become more and more frequent. In order to ensure that business cooperation is fair, just, reasonable and legal, it is particularly important to sign a business contract between the two parties. Once a le
26、gally valid business contract is signed according to law, both parties must strictly abide by the terms of the business contract and perform their obligations, otherwise they will bear the corresponding legal liabilities. Therefore, in the process of translating a business contract, it is necessary
27、to be faithful to the original text in a reasonable and legal way and the content of the contract can be understood by both parties. The translation of professional terms is special and basic in business contracts. The words have their own meanings and meanings, which are different from our common m
28、eanings. Accurate translation of business contract terms is the first principle of business contract translation, that is, the normative principle of terminology in business contracts. Therefore, the research on this aspect is extremely important.2.1 The Development of Terminology in the 20th Centur
29、yWith the increase of international business cooperation, the translation of business contracts has become more and more rigorous and achieved better results in the process of continuous improvement. And translation is a very serious work, in the process of translation is not allowed to be lax (Yu Q
30、iye, 1988:1). In particular, the translation of legally binding business contracts should comply with the accuracy of professional style, which is mainly reflected in the use of words, professional terms, industry jargon and its style characteristics in business clauses. It is necessary to translate
31、 the contract contents in a standard and accurate way.2.1.1 Using the Accurate Words In the process of translating international business contracts, it is extremely important to understand how to use common words correctly. There are many familiar words or phrases that have not only common meanings
32、in life, but also special meanings in business English (Shao Yizhen, 1999:1). Therefore, only by understanding the multiple meanings of these words can we accurately translate the meaning of business contracts.2.1.2 Understanding ContextBoth in Chinese and English, there are words that have specific
33、 meanings, just like words for objects whose meanings are independent of context and can be translated independently. But there are other words that have different meanings in different contexts, in different professions, in different industries. This requires the translator to have a detailed under
34、standing of the relationship between the documents national culture, professional background and context. Balhudarov, a famous linguist in the Soviet Union, pointed out that “the meaning of polysemous words is usually revealed through the context of speech” (Sun Zhixiang, 1999:1).2.1.3 Using the Cor
35、rect TerminologyA business contract is an effective document which language must be formal, rigorous, accurate and standardized that used to protect the interests of both parties in a transaction. Business contracts often use professional terms, so a good translation of a qualified business contract
36、 must clearly grasp the professional terms. The terms in business contracts are highly professional and involve many personal fields such as law, trade, transportation and so on (Huang Ye, 2006:3). Moreover, these business terms are different from the spoken language in daily life. Although it is ha
37、rd to see professional terms in daily life, it is necessary to memorize and master them. But there are certain rules to some terms. Some trade terms are acronyms of several words. Such terms are easier to grasp and easier to remember systematically.2.1.4 Rigorous Stylistic StyleThe translation shoul
38、d be close to the original text in expression and style (Shao Yizhen, 1999:2), and the meaning expressed in the English-Chinese translation should be consistent. The translation of business contracts is different from those texts that need beautiful language and different expressions. The translatio
39、n of business contracts should be standardized, accurate and logical.2.2 The Development of Terminology in the 21st CenturyAfter a long period of development and research, the translation of business English contract terms has made great progress. In order to realize the professional standardization
40、 of business contract, the following conditions should be fulfilled: understanding the national background of both parties, fully understanding the meaning of contract language, clear logic relationship of context, using standard business contract professional language, and accurately dealing with t
41、he meaning of words in the contract (Xu Jing, 2019:24). The most distinctive feature of business contracts is the frequent use of formal words. For example, in an international trade contract, price is expressed in price terms. Different price terms express different tariffs, charges, buyers and sel
42、lers risks. These price terms embody the international regulations in transnational trade. Such a system is conducive to the successful conduct of business (Bergami; Roberto, 2013:325). These terms are used repeatedly and translators should follow these terms when translating contracts. And these te
43、rms are usually made up of acronyms. To understand what these terms mean, you need to know which words are abbreviated to these letters. This is extremely important in the process of learning and mastering professional terms.2.2.1 The Frequent Use of Legal WordsBusiness contract English is subordina
44、te to legal English, which must have fair and just legal benefits (Chen Fan, 2012:207). The legal effect of commercial contract is the premise of contract translation (Huang Li, 2010:3). Therefore, as a legal text, business contract often uses legal terms. In this way, the contract terms are more pr
45、ecise, accurate and have legal effect. Moreover, legal terms have very special legal meanings in the national legal system, so it is necessary to understand the essence of legal terms in order to accurately translate legal terms (Peter Sandrini, 1999:104).2.2.2 Be Faithful to the OriginalFor many ye
46、ars, the translation of business contracts has followed the principle of fidelity to the original text. Although doing so can accurately express the meaning of the original text, it is also bound by the original text. Therefore, for a long time, the translation of business contracts has been regarde
47、d as only a process of decoding legal terms (Dong Lin, 2008:11). In recent years, many translators in China require that the translation of business contracts should not only be a process of decoding legal terms. There should be a translation criterion for business contracts. On the basis of “faithf
48、ulness”, “expressiveness” and “elegance”, many translators have studied the principles of business contract translation. However, many scholars have come to the conclusion based on the principle of “faithfulness”. For the translation of business contracts, it is still necessary to accurately transla
49、te the meaning of the clauses and faithfully translate the terms in the contracts.2.3 The Requirements of Business Contract Professional NormativeWhen translating international business contracts, translators should follow those principles under the normative principles of terminology, clearly understand the contents of the contract terms, accurately understand the logic of the context, master the contract terms and accurately understand the meaning of the terms. Only in this way can th
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