Characteristics of Drug Instructions and Its Translation.docx

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1、黄河科技学院毕业论文 第 21 页 Characteristics of Drug Instructions and Its Translation AbstractIn pace with the rapid expansion economic integration, trade between countries in global is raised gradually. Drugs are closely related to peoples lives. Chinas medicines and chemical reagents give scope to pharmaceut

2、ical industry. In order to further expand Chinas drug market in overseas countries, good quality assurance of drugs and drug instructions are indispensable. Consequently, due to the incomplete interpret of Chinese drug instructions, this paper researches the interpret of Chinese drug instructions fr

3、om the perspective of translation, hoping that consumers can better understand the meaning of the instructions and bring better consumption experience. Interpretation is to transform one language into another based on exaction, easy and smooth in order to attain the purpose reciprocal communication.

4、 As a statutory document which contains important information about drugs, drug instructions are statutory guidelines for drug selection to guide people to use drugs safely and rationally. The translation of drug instructions is to properly express the drug instructions in another language. By compa

5、ring and analyzing a large number of Chinese and English drug instructions, this paper discusses the characteristics of drug instructions, and points out the problems that often occur in the process of translating drug instructions into English, such as the misuse of vocabulary, grammatical errors a

6、nd disloyalty to the original text. Avoiding gross of the problems during the procedure of interpreting drug instructions into English adopt correct interpretation methods. Key words: Drug Instructions, Characteristics, English translation, Translation method药品说明书的特点及翻译摘 要随着经济一体化的飞速发展，中国与全球各国的经济贸易往来

7、呈现出不断增加的趋势，而药品是和人们的日常生活紧密联系在一起的，中国的药品和化学试剂为制药工业提供了广阔的发展空间。为了进一步扩大使中国药品在海外各国的市场，有着良好质量保证的药品和药品说明书都必不可缺。但是，基于目前尚不完善的中文药品说明书的英译，本文从翻译角度出发来研究中文药品说明书的英译，希望消费者能更好的理解说明书的含义，带来更好的消费体验。翻译是在准确、流畅的基础上，把一种语言信息转换为以另一种表达方式表现的语言信息的行为，以达到相互交流的目的。药品说明书是法律规定的载明药品的重要信息的文件，是广大群众患者选用药品的法定指南，来指导病患安全合理有效地用药。而药品说明书的则翻译是把药品

8、说明书通过另一种语言恰当的表达出来。通过类比研究许多双语药品说明书，本文讨论分析了中文药品说明书的特点，并点明了药品说明书翻译过程中经常会产生的问题，比如词汇的乱用、语法的错用以及不忠诚于原文。通过正确的翻译方法来避免药品说明书英译过程中出现的大部分问题。 关键词：药品说明书，特点，英译，翻译方法 Characteristics of Drug Instructions and Its Translation1 Introduction 1.1 Research backgroundIn pace with the rapid expansion economic integration, t

9、rade between China and the other countries in global raised gradually. Drugs are closely related to peoples lives. Chinas medicines and chemical reagents give scope to pharmaceutical industry. With the rapid development of Chinas market economy, Chinese pharmaceuticals can just meet the needs of ove

10、rseas customers, which is likely to occupy the main consumption trend. Translation is undoubtedly the core work of developing overseas markets for Chinese drugs in the process of their gradual entry into world markets. With this phenomenon, we really need better target text. 1.2 Research status quo

11、Drug instructions are an indispensable part of medicine and the most intuitive reflection of medicine. Each country has its own drug instructions. Because of the different cultural backgrounds, there are also obvious differences between Chinese and English drug instructions. Oriental civilization ha

12、s received extensive and in-depth attention. Westerners have been around since ancient times. Chinese culture is well received by foreign readers. As an important part of peoples daily life, drug instructions also convey cultural information and add a unique cultural atmosphere. 1.3 Research methods

13、There are many translation methods in drug translation. The great majority of the translators adopt visual angle in line with their experience, like theory of function. In order to help people understand the meaning of Chinese texts, this paper will translate the drug instructions from the perspecti

14、ve of translation. The translator is going to analyze the Issues and causes in the C-E of the drug production instructions. In the meanwhile, compareed the different cultures of different language countries and arrival at a conclusion. The contents of the drug production instrutions have an importan

15、t influence on the use of the drug. Consequently, the translators ought to take note of these two aspects.1.4 Research structureThe article is segmented into five chapters. Chapter one mainly explains the research background, research status, research methods and research purposes; Chapter two mainl

16、y explains the definition and function of drug instructions; Chapter three explains the main characteristics of drug instructions; Chapter four studies the issues, causes and countermeasures of drug instructions.; Chapter five is a summary and summarizes the research results. Research value, practic

17、al significance and shortcomings. 2 Overview of Drug InstructionsBefore translating, it is necessary for us to understand the definition and function of drug instructions. In the following substance, I am going to recommend the definition and function of the drug instructions circumstantially. 2.1 D

18、efinition of drug instructionsAt the first, people ought to get to know the link between drugs and peoples lives, and then explain the definition of drug instructions.Drugs refer to substances used to prevent, treat and diagnose human diseases, purposefully regulate human physiological functions and

19、 prescribe indications or functional indications, usage and dosage. Many drugs are designed for oral and injection. These medicine are generally chemically synthesized mixtures: some of them come from natural wealth and some that are artificial. Common medicines include tablets, capsules, oral pills

20、, tinctures, pastes, powder coatings, suppositories, injections and stimulants.In the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), prescription drugs are usually used to clean, beautify and enhance the human body, in order to achieve the desired better effect, prescription drugs must rely on th

21、e prescription of a licensed physician or a licensed assistant physician to deploy, purchase and use drugs; non-prescription drugs need not rely on the prescription of a physician to determine, purchase and use drugs. After knowing what drugs are, the author will analyze the word “explanation”. In s

22、ome Foreign Dictionary, “Explanation” is like a manual which is telling the public how to make use of it. In short, “guidance” is a reminder to help people understand how to use it and to remind people not to do wrong. Consequently, the drug product specification is used to notify the consumer about

23、 the situation and how to use it. At the same time, drug instructions are also an advertisement for suppliers. 2.2 Function of drug instructionsGenerally speaking, the function describes main ingredients, usage, specifications, matters needing attention, trademark, production date, validity period,

24、quantity, manufacturer, origin and so on. principal part. 2.2.1 Informating functionInformating function is the basic function of drug instructions. It is mainly used to provide information about products related to drugs. It can enable the patients to understand the key information such as indicati

25、ons, main ingredients, usage and dosage, matters needing attention, effective date and so on. The first two parts are the vital parts. 2.2.2 Alluring functionAnother function of the drug instructions is the alluring function, which is used to attract patients to buy medicines and treat diseases. The

26、 instructions for the use of drugs are of great significance in promoting the production of drugs. Studies have shown that product specifications hide a persuasive message that draws attention to the quality, specific uses or magical functions of drugs. Its purpose is to accelerate establishment sal

27、es and enterprise prestige.3 Characteristics of Drug Instructions 3.1 Stylistic characteristics of drug instructionsDrug instructions are simple in structure, precise in wording, professional and clear in purpose. They belong to the scientific and technological application of practical texts. The ma

28、in contents include drug names, main components, drug properties, functional indications, usage and dosage, adverse reactions, taboos, precautions and so on. In addition, the drug instructions also include production date, expiry date, storage, packaging or dosage, approval number, manufacturers, et

29、c. These formats are essential for drug instructions.13.2 Lexical characteristics of drug instructions The intepretation of words and phrases is the linchpin to the intepretation of medicine designation in drug specifications. There is no integrated stipulation on the English name of Chinese medicin

30、e. Transliteration is the principal technique of interpretation of Chinese medicine names. Still, in some certain situations, we can take some nimble translation tactics, like liberty translation, transliteration and so on. The interpretation of drug names have to be limpid, uncomplicated and scient

31、ific. 3.2.1 Using big words, long words, uncommon words When translating Chinese drug instructions, the first thing that catches our eye is a lot of verbose and unfamiliar words.For the most part of these words unclear in meaning are transliterated or libertely translated into Latin and Greek langua

32、ge. The main reason why it has been used up to now is also the unique lexical features of Latin and Greek. Most Latin and Greek words have clear and single meanings and do not cause misunderstanding, which is the most basic and important principle in writing drug instructions. In addition, stylistic

33、ally speaking, big words, long words and uncommon words appear solemn, formal and professional, which gives people a sense of professionalism and credibility, thus giving patients a sense of security. This is exactly what the drug instructions need. For example: 利他林 Ritalin 喹诺酮 Qylinoione 他莫昔芬Tamoxi

34、fen 沃可孟汀Augmentin 抗组胺 Antihistmin 酮康唑 Ketoconaczole 3.2.2 Using abbreviations Abbreviations are also widely used in drug instructions. As far as category is concerned, acronym could be approximately classified into three categories: (1) Here are some examples of abbreviations for international units

35、 of measurement: such as: mg (milligram) , ml (milliliter) , kg (kilogram) . (2) abbreviations for initials, such as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), B.P (British Pharmacopeia) . (3) Some abbreviations of words, such as approx (approximate)(大致,大约), fever (fever)（发烧）. The use of abbreviations can

36、make the instructions shorter and simpler, but some abbreviations can easily lead to misunderstanding. For instance, CS has about 37 explication in the dictionary:chief secretary, customer satisfaction, chondroitin sulfate, commercial standards and casein, etc. Spl can be the abbreviation of sepcial

37、 (特殊, 特别), as well as simple (简单,单纯) abbreviation. Thus, although abbreviations are concise in form, they are difficult and important to understand in many cases. To understand and translate abbreviations correctly, we should judge and analyze them according to the context and consult dictionaries f

38、requently. 3.3 Syntactic characteristics of drug instructions This part mainly introduces the syntactic features of drug instructions. 3.3.1 Using generic present tense and present perfect tense extensively The present tense and the present perfect tense are the main tenses in the English drug instr

39、uctions. According to statistics, these two tenses account for more than 98% of all tenses in the drug instructions.2 The information provided in the drug instructions must be objective and authentic, so that the content of the instructions should be in the present tense. Supposing that we mention t

40、he past incident or circumstances, we will use the present perfect tense more frequently than the present tense. 3.3.2 Using passive voice Passive voice is principally adopted in the English interpretatiob of drug instructions. During the interpretation, the pronunciation transforming is usually bas

41、ed on the substance of the primitive language and English speech habit. In the meantime, the subsequence of sentences should also in light of the habits of English. 4 English Translation of Drug Instructions 4.1 Problems in English translation of drug instructions This article will present a number

42、of problems in the English interpretation of drug instructions in the following substance. 4.1.1 Misuse of terminology Professional terms are often used to guide the translation of drug instructions. Usually, if the translator does not know the exact meaning of the original text, it will produce vag

43、ue or even translate incorrectly. At times the author is short of related technological know-how and not to look up the onomastion dictionary, so this will lightly resulting in terminological incorrection. As a translator, there are a lot of elements to be considering in the process of translation s

44、o as to make the translation more apposite for patientsreading habits.If “痤疮” is translated into “痔疮”, its meaning will mislead patients. Secondly, if the “工厂日期”is translated into“生产日期”, the expiration date of the product will be incorrect. Because“production date” and“factory date”are different. Co

45、nsequently, these evident matters are obliged to be settled as quickly as possible.4.1.2 Misuse of grammar Short sentences are frequently applicated in Chinese education, while English sentences are principlly hepta-syllabic and complex sentences, so it demands a strong syntaxical pertaining to lear

46、ning or culture. The reason is that English for Science and Technology has added some modifications in order to accurately understand the theory or concepts. Some sentences could so far as to take shape a integrated section, but if you do not to notice the syntax of these sentences, you are going to

47、 gain the contrary results. For example: Source Text (S T): 感冒灵胶囊该药品中含有对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因以及马来酸氯苯那敏。服用药品期间患者不可饮用酒水或含有酒精的饮品；不能同时服用与该药成份相近的其他感冒药；膀胱颈梗阻、甲状腺功能亢进、青光眼、高血压和前列腺肥大者慎用；孕妇及哺乳期妇女慎用；服药期间不得驾驶机、车、船、从事高空作业、机械作业及操作精密仪器。 Target Text (T T): This product contains paracetamol, chlorphenamine maleate and caffeine.

48、 No alcohol or alcoholic beverages during taking this product; no other anti-cold drugs similar to the ingredients of this product; cautious use of liver and kidney dysfunction; cautious use of bladder neck obstruction, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy; cautious use of pregnant women and lactating women; no driving machine, car, boat, working at high altitude, machinery during t