高考词性转化词性转换（构词法）.doc

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1、词性转换（构词法）真题速递单句语法填空/单句改错1.（2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _ (believe) that populations are increasing. 【答案】belief【解析】考查词性转化。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief2.（2019全国II卷）We are so proud of her

2、. It's (wonder).”【答案】wonderful【解析】考查词性转化。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，需要把名词wonder转化为形容词wonderful。故填wonderful。3.（2019全国III卷）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. 【答案】competition【解析】考查词性转化。

3、由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。4.（2019 浙江卷）School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. 【答案】traditional【解析】考查词性转化。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。5.（2018全国I卷）

4、To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to 1 (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and it's always2 (energy)【答案】第一空strengthen ；第二空energetic 【解析】考查词性转化。第一空，分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空应填动词strengthen，意为“增强，加强”。第二空，and连接两个并列分

5、句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为“需要能量的，剧烈的”。6.（2018全国II卷）This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 【答案】pollution【解析】考查词性转化。pollution 考查名词。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。7（2018全国II卷）According

6、 to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption. 【答案】global【解析】考查词性转化。global 考查形容词。此处应填globe的形容词形式global作定语。8.（2019 浙江卷）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up. 【答案】affordable【解析】考查词性转化

7、。affordable 考查形容词。根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的，故填形容词affordable。9. （2019 浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.【答案】affordable【解析】考查词性转化。weight 考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“体重问题”，故空处需要填名词weight。10.（2017全国I卷）Howeve

8、r, be (care)not to go to extremes. 【答案】careful【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。知识链接常见的以­ful结尾的形容词： awful糟糕的，极坏的beautiful美丽的wonderful美妙的，精彩的 helpful有帮助的useful有用的 meaningful有意义的thankful感谢的 grateful感激的careful仔细的 colorful五彩缤纷的regretful遗憾的 hopeful有希望的11.（2017全国II卷）This development w

9、as only possible with the (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. 【答案】introduction【解析】考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格前是the，其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction。知识链接 名词后缀ion：graduation毕业 discussion讨论 translation翻译correction改正 connection连接 separation分离expression表达 association联系 exhibition展览election选举 possessi

10、on占有 completion完成decision决定 permission允许 admission允许进入12. （2017全国II卷）The Central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 【答案】successful【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”表示“最的之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。知识链接 形容词后缀ful：successful成功的 careful细

11、心的 hopeful充满希望的helpful有帮助的 useful有用的 cheerful高兴的grateful感激的 thankful感激的 powerful强有力的13.（2017全国III卷）She is determined to carry on with her (educate)【答案】education【解析】考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。拓展v.tionn.attractattraction n吸引 collectcollection n收集corporatecorporation n合作 co

12、nnectconnection n联合constructconstruction n建设 electelection n选举exhibitexhibition n展览 inventinvention n发明operateoperation n操作 pollutepollution n污染produceproduction n生产 protectprotection n保护14.（2017全国III卷）I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late

13、st music albums. 【答案】difference改为different 【解析】考查词性转化之名词变动词。形容词修饰名词kinds。考纲解读英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。将构词法置于此处讲解，一是对前面基础词法的汇总，二是为政克后面的重难动词做铺垫。知识梳理一. 动词、形容词转换为名词1.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/-sion/ationcorre

14、ct correction改正celebrate-celebration庆祝;庆祝会attract attraction吸引conclude conclusion结论;结束discuss discussion讨论;辩论decidedecision决定admitadmission接纳;准许入学inviteinvitation邀请explain explanation解释graduategraduation毕业expectexpectation期望-er/-ordrivedriver司机;驾驶员gathergatherer收集者;采集者teachteacher老师announceannouncer

15、广播员conductconductor指挥;售票员-mentpunishpunishment惩罚achieve-achievement功绩;成就argue argument辩论;论据treattreatment对待;治疗equip equipment装备;设备govern government政府-ance/-enceappearappearance出现;外貌guideguidance指引;指导performperformance表演;节目existexistence存在;生存preferpreference偏爱referreference参考;查阅-ure/-ture failfailure

16、失败;倒闭presspressure压力departdeparture离开;出发mix mixture混合;混合物-inghearhearing听力;听觉begin beginning开始-yrecoverrecovery恢复;痊愈discover -discovery发现其他choosechoice选择vary variety多样化;种类tendtendency趋向;趋势 2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshortshortage不足;短缺-cyefficientefficiency效率;功效fluentfluency流利;流畅accurate accuracy准确性privatepr

17、ivacy隐私;私密-domfree freedom自由;自主wisewisdom明智;智慧-encedifferentdifference差异silentsilence沉默nessweakweakness虚弱;弱点kindkindness仁慈;好意carelesscarelessness粗心大意thstrongstrength力气;强项warm warmth温暖;热情-y/-ty/-itysafesafety安全disabledisability无能;伤残responsible responsibility责任honesthonesty诚实difficultdifficulty困难三名词、动

18、词转为形容词后缀例词-ableacceptable可接受的comfort comfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的suitsuitable合适的reasonreasonable有道理的-almusicmusical音乐的originoriginal最初的centrecentral中央的,中心的personpersonal个人的私人的naturenatural自然的;天生的-fuldoubt doubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的hopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的-edscare scare

19、d感到恐惧的confuseconfused感到困惑的underlineunderlined下划线的-ingsurprise surprising令人惊异的convince convincing令人信服的satisfysatisfying令人满意的-ibleaccessaccessible易取得的horror -horrible可怕的;恐怖的terrorterrible可怕的-iveact active积极的;活跃的effecteffective有效的;生效的attractattractive有吸引力的impress-impressive给人深刻印象的-ouscontinuecontinuous

20、不断的;持续的anxiety anxious忧虑的caution cautious小心的；谨慎的curiosity curious好奇的humorhumorous幽默的-sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的-ytastetasty美味的;可口的health healthy健康的wealthwealthy富裕的;丰富的-erneasteastern东方的;向东的-ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish愚的;可笑的selfselfish自私的特别注意-ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到的”，通常修饰人;ing形容词多表

21、示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人的”，通常修怖物或事。形容词转换为副词【谨记规则】类别例词直接加-lyclearclearly清楚地great greatly很，大大地以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加 lyhappyhappily高兴地heavyheavily沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词去掉e，再加-yterribleterribly可怕地，极度地gentlegently轻轻地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e。再加-lytruetruly真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加-y fullfully充分地;完全地dulldully迟钝地词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally basic basica

22、lly主要地，基本上scientificscientifically合乎科学地考点精讲语法填空解题“2策略”1.利用句子成分确定词性(1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形式。(2)如果要填的词作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语，要想到用形容词;如果作状语，要想到用副词【思路点拨】1. This gives the paintings deeper (mean) and more elegance.【答案】meaning【解析】考查词性转换之动词转化为名词。空格处做的是宾语，并且与后面的名词elegance并列，故填名词形式meaning。2. Grassland is destro

23、yed without mercy so that dust storms come into being affecting (distance) cities.【答案】distant【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。空格处做的是定语，需要用形容词，故填distant。句意：绿地遭到了无情的破坏，结果沙尘暴出现了并且影响到了遥远的城市。3. The old people there were talkative and they told us their (person) stories cheerfully.【答案】distant【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。空格处做的是

24、定语，需要用形容词，故填personal。句意：那些老人都很健谈，他们高兴地给我们讲起了他们的故事。4.After some time, when both of you have renewed your （confident)in each other, go back to the time when you nearly fell apart.【答案】confidence【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。空格处做的是宾语，需要用名词，故填confidence。5. 5.Therefore, lets take the (responsible) to build up a low

25、-carbon city by riding bicycles. Come on and join us!【答案】responsibility【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。空格处做的是宾语，需要用名词，故填responsibility。2.根据修饰词或被修饰词确定词性(1)如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰，此时要考虑用名词形式。(2)如果要填的词修饰名词，要想到用形容词如果修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。【思路点拨】6. However, behind his physical (appear),Carry is a warm, fun loving

26、, intelligent person.【答案】appearance【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。空格处被形容词his 和physical修饰，需要用名词，故填appearance。7. Your ideas are very interesting, but we need (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.【答案】practical【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。空格处应该修饰名词suggestions,需用形容词，故填practical。8. During that time a number of (pr

27、oduct) poets turned out as many as 50,000 classical poems.【答案】productive【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。空格处修饰后面的名词poets，需用形容词，根据句意“在那段时期，很多多产的诗人写出了多达50,000首经典诗歌。”可知应该填productive“多产的”。9. It was always a (pleasant) to visit these two sisters.【答案】productive【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。空格处被其前面的冠词a修饰，需用名词形式，故填pleasure。10. Th

28、ey all come from the plant Camellia sinensis(茶树)，and are (simple) processed in different ways.【答案】simply【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。空格处修饰其后面的分词processed，需用副词形式，故填simply。句意:它们都是被以不同方式简单加工的来自茶树的东西。短文改错解题“2视角1.看被修饰词或平行成分(1)如果修饰名词，要用形容词;(2)如果修饰动词、形容词、副词和分词应用副词;(3)修饰人，表示主语所处的状态,意为“感到的”,用ed形容词;修饰物或事，表示主语所具有的特征、意为

29、”令人的”，用ing形容词；(4)注意其平行成分的词性。【思路点拨】1. I worked as a reporter for our school newspaper last year which I think will certain help me do the job better. 【答案】certain改为certainly【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。本句中certain修饰谓语动词will help需用副词形式，故把certain改为certainly。句意：去年我做过我们校报的记者，我认为这一定会帮助我把这份工作做得更好。2.It was when I brou

30、ght them in at the dusk that I found something terribly happened. 【答案】terribly改为terrible【解析】考查词性转换之副词转化为形容词。本句中terribly修饰不定代词something，需用形容词形式，故把terribly改为terrible。3. “Today is my father's birthday? ”Zhangwei was a little puzzling. 【答案】puzzling改为puzzled【解析】考查形容词。本句中puzzling修饰人，表示主语Zhangwei的心里状态，

31、意思为“感到困惑的”，故把puzzling改为puzzled。4. At this moment, I found the city was so interested. 【答案】interested改为interesting【解析】考查形容词。本句中interested修饰物，表示主语the city所具有的特征，意为”令人感到有意思的”，需用用ing形容词。故把interested改为interesting。5. Everyone praised Ah Bao for his brave and kindness. 【答案】brave改为bravery【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词

32、。本句中his需修饰名词，而且and连接两个并列的形式，故把brave改为bravery。2.看句子成分作表语、定语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词。作状要想到应用副词。【思路点拨】6. I restarted to pick up my confident again. 【答案】confident改为confidence【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。本句中my修饰名词，故把confident改为confidence。7.The next morning when he was out,the hotel worker hammered a nail exact where

33、the "fly "had been. 【答案】exact改为exactly【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。本句中exact修饰动词hammered，需用副词形式，故把exact改为exactly。句意：第二天，在他外出时，宾馆工作人员 就在苍蝇待过的地方定了根钉子。8. I was lost in happy because I did a little for a stranger but I gained a lot. 【答案】happy改为happiness【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。本句中介词in需要修饰名词，故把happy改为happines

34、s。句意 ：我非常高兴，因为我只为一个陌生人做了一点点小事却收获很大。9.To my joyful,he replied that he gave it to a homeless man. 【答案】joyful改为joy【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。本句中形容词性物主动词my需修饰名词，故把joyful改为joy。10. To conclude, I am readily to take on the job. 【答案】readily改为ready【解析】考查词性转换之副词转化为形容词。本句中readily应该做表语，需用形容词形式。故把readily改为ready。词性转化（构词

35、法）高效演练一单句语法填空1. The boy ran (quick)to school.【答案】quickly【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。空格前的ran需用副词修饰，故填quickly。2. "What's that? "Father shouted (angry).【答案】angrily【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。空格前的shouted需用副词修饰，故填angrily。3. The little girl is (extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.【答案】extremely【解析】考

36、查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。空格后的形容词eager需用副词修饰，故填extremely。句意：这个小女孩迫切想知道考试的结果。4. Your composition is (bad)organized. Please do your writing exercise more attentively next time.【答案】badly【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。空格后的形容词bad需用副词修饰，故填badly。句意：你的作文组织结构太差。下次请务必多加注意。5. He is rather (self) so that nobody prefers to have a tal

37、k with him.【答案】selfish【解析】考查词性转化之名词转化为形容词。空格前的rather是副词，要修饰形容词，故填selfish。句意：他这个人太自私，没有人愿意跟他说话。6. The good working condition in the factory is (attract).【答案】attractive【解析】考查词性转化之动词转化为形容词。空格处是表语位置，需用形容词，故填attractive。句意：这家工厂的工作条件很吸引人。7. He is (rely) so you can depend on him.【答案】reliable【解析】考查词性转化之动词转化为

38、形容词。空格处是表语位置，需用形容词，故填reliable。8. They are (nerve) about their first trip abroad.【答案】nervous【解析】考查词性转化之名词转化为形容词。空格处是表语位置，需用形容词，故填nervous。9. The flower is (harm) to our health.【答案】harmful【解析】考查词性转化之名词转化为形容词。空格处是表语位置，需用形容词，故填harmful。10.It is necessary to have a physical (examine) every year.【答案】examina

39、tion【解析】考查词性转化之动词转化为名词。physical是形容词，需要修饰名词。故填examination。11. Annan will be remembered for his ability and his (warm).【答案】warmth【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为名词。本句中and连接和his ability的并列的结构，故填warmth。12. Without ( hesitate), I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.【答案】hesitation【解析】考查词性转化之动词转化为

40、名词。Without是介词，修饰名词，故填hesitation。句意：我毫不犹豫地决定跟着他们，那天我们确实玩得很开心。13. The famous (act)is dancing with her fans.【答案】actress【解析】考查词性转化之动词转化为名词。本句中famous是形容词，修饰名词。根据句意“这位著名的演员正在和她的歌迷跳舞。”可知填actress。14. We should respect everyone, even a (beg).【答案】beggar【解析】考查词性转化之动词转化为名词。根据空格前的冠词a可知空格处填名词。又根据句意“我们应该尊重每个人，哪怕是乞

41、讨。”可知填beggar。15. My boss is not here. Do you like to speak to one of his (assist)?【答案】assistants【解析】考查词性转化之动词转化为名词。根据空格前的形容词性物主动词词his可知空格处填名词。又根据句意“我老板不在这里。你想和他的助手谈谈吗？”可知填assistants。16.As they couldn't play outdoors，they were (happy), and some even got into fights from time to time.【答案】unhappy【解

42、析】考查词性转化之互为反义词的形容词相互转化。根据句意“因为他们不能在户外玩耍，所以他们很不高兴，有些人甚至不时地打架。”可知填unhappy。17. People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or ( honest）.【答案】dishonest 【解析】考查词性转化之互为反义词的形容词相互转化。根据句意“靠福利为生的人士被错误地视为懒惰或不诚实。”可知填dishonest。18. (formal)clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.【答案】Inform

43、al 【解析】考查词性转化之互为反义词的形容词相互转化。根据句意“非正式的衣服适合在家里或普通场合穿。”可知填Informal 。19. Travelling abroad can ( broad)our horizons.【答案】broaden【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为动词。本句中，can是情态动词，需接动词原形，故填broaden。句意：出国旅行可以开阔我们的视野。20. The clever boy has the ability to （simple）that dull story.【答案】simplify【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为动词。本句中，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形， ，故填simplify。句意：那个聪明的男孩有能力简单化那个无聊的故事。21. He eventually (real) his ambition to become a scientist.【答案】realize【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为动词。本句中，副词eventually修饰谓语动词，根据句意“他最终实现了成为一名科学家的志向。”故填realize。22. The shout made