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1、华南理工大学成人高等学历教育 本科毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译学生姓名方 婉学号10561075206701009年级、专业工商企业管理2007级本科业余英文原文题目中国式管理中文译名Chinese-style management英文原文出处翻译水平评定（五级制）指导教师签名 译文（英译中）：Chinese-style managementTo be sure that, from the history of the evolution of the national spirit, Chinas modern history is undoubtedly a written full o

2、f blood and fire with the history of humiliation. The outbreak of the Opium War in 1840, so indulge in closed-door policy, but I China overwhelming people experience the benefits of the ships and guns behind the penetration of Western culture. From this moment onwards, on suspicion of traditional cu

3、lture and even deny it is almost a historical necessity in modern China. The Western Learning is a natural derivative of this historical inevitability. As a result, Westernization and even the idea of giving rise to become one of modern Chinese history lingering fashion topics. In this backdrop, the

4、 situation is naturally the traditional culture can imagine: from 54 movement Down with Confucianism, the slogan of reform and opening up Bo Yangs ugly Chinese a book popular, and then to Chinese scholars of traditional culture, reflection, are all highlighted with such an unconventional theme. It i

5、s worth pondering at a time when Western society is gradually applied to the traditional Chinese culture to show identification or even appreciated by an unprecedented state of mind. Early 20th century, Age of wise men of the reputation of the British philosopher Bertrand Russell, not only to see th

6、e historical value of Chinas ancient civilization, but also recognizes the reality of the Chinese ancient civilization and the future existence. He asserted that: We are the significant advantages of Western civilization is the scientific method; significant advantage of the Chinese people is the go

7、al of life hold a correct concept, people will look forward to these two factors together can really gradually. In his view, with the emphasis on intellectual truth and read all the documents body (God, rationality or material), stressed the subject and object dichotomy different from the wisdom of

8、opposing the West, Chinese traditional culture as represented by the wisdom of the East has always been particular about inji will pass, German industry Shuangxiu, the pursuit of the unity of Heaven and human harmony and harmonious state. Russell firmly believes that through the baptism of modern ci

9、vilization, this traditional Chinese wisdom, in the 21st century, the development will gradually abandon ignorance ingredients, gradually revealing unique charm. In fact, since the beginning of the last century, walk in the natural sciences, social sciences and humanities the forefront of some Weste

10、rn thinkers, such as Einstein, Bohr, Prigogine and others, without exception, the Chinese traditional culture and expressed considerable identity attitudes and their strong desire for knowledge and even to study in ancient China, Book of Changes, I and the Buddhist scriptures, from which found that

11、patients admitted to the modern spirit of enlightenment. Nobel Prize winner, the Copenhagen School representative Boer, during his visit to China discovered that he thinks is most proud of the scientific imagination - complement each other thinking, in fact, already from the ancient Chinese Taoist T

12、ai Chi map made clear; Chinas yin and yang, Aioi phase-sheng, quite the contrary thinking to solve problems of contemporary physics is so important. Bohr and even designed a coat of arms for himself in the oval-shaped eye-catching design center Hui Zhao Tai Chi diagram, use it as a tribal emblem.The

13、 latter half of the 20th century, Western scholars pay more attention to Chinese culture. Kahn, an economist since 1979 in its World Economic Development in the East Asian economic miracle associated with the Confucian tradition, more and more Western people can start to focus on Chinese traditional

14、 culture and modern values. Mike Kaul in 1980, France put forward the post-Confucian hypothesis, he said: If the Wests individualism is suitable for the early stages of industrialization, the development of Confucian collectivism may be more suited to a large number of industrial era. In 1983, Bosto

15、n University Berger went on to present the two kinds of modernization theory: Western-style modernization and the modernization of East Asia; the former roots in Christianity, the latters roots in Confucianism. Global History author Stavrianos explicitly made the following point: in 1500 around the

16、world is not Western Europe dominated the world, but China ruled the world, with Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, in many regard to Western Europe dwarfs. He said that Confucianism has a unity of its unique, which is Chinas political, military and cultural performance of highly dev

17、eloped, and thus Chinese society because of its high degree of cohesion and continuity and tenacity to survive with. Well-known British historian of science and technology of modern science and technology Needham On almost on a daily basis to make all kinds of human beings and their society has a hu

18、ge scientific discovery of potentially dangerous, the firm pointed out: it must be controlled primarily ethical and politics, and I will be suggesting that perhaps it is this regard, the Chinese traditional culture, the special nutrients that can affect the whole of mankind in todays world. In fact,

19、 the traditional culture in the modern sense is not only abundance but also multi-dimensional. As we tried to reveal in this book, it is only from the perspective of business management, we can deeply feel the profound wisdom and state management. This is perhaps the respected Western scholars of Ch

20、inese traditional culture, identity and the root causes of lies. We know that the nineteenth and twentieth centuries of human superstition had excessive power of technology. However, mankind has entered the 21st century has become increasingly clear to understand: technology development itself can n

21、ot solve the many problems facing humanity. These problems also need cultural development of their own to solve them. The Chinese traditional culture is undoubtedly the most modern man can give to the wisdom of enlightenment. Some scholars have summed up this way these problems: First, as an imbalan

22、ce between man and nature caused serious damage to the natural ecological environment, fundamentally threaten the survival of mankind; 2 is due to Western atomic structure theory and Descartes, Newtons mechanics thinking way limitations caused by the crisis of contemporary scientific development; 3

23、is due to extremely personal egoism and hedonism, the expansion, resulting in an imbalance interpersonal relationships, personality for the material things, money, distorted, interpersonal indifference, alienation; 4 is due to the Easts economic take-off Western management models as well as its chal

24、lenges, the urgent need to build the East managed system of thought in order to promote economic development; 5 is due to modern peoples material life and spiritual value system of the imbalance caused by the collapse of psychological, moral decline and social non - sequence, the alienation of man-m

25、ade material desires. The solution to these problems, the wisdom of traditional culture are intrinsic? Out a good path of thinking. In other words, the traditional culture advocated by the Heaven and Man, people I unity reasonable unity, justice and interests unity, apply what they learn the basic p

26、rinciples, no doubt from the highest values to the modern man pointed out the lucid way. Thus, in the technique level has not solve the background problems we face, we call the Tao great wisdom. Promote the traditional culture, such as Heaven and Man, people I unity reasonable unity, justice and int

27、erests unity, apply what they learn and so obviously the Tao great wisdom.Of particular note is that this Tao is the great wisdom of the modern enterprise must have. World Bank, in summing up the experience of countries in the world of enterprise development pointed out that any longevity enterprise

28、s (ie survive centuries of enterprises) are to follow three basic values: One persons value is higher than the value of the; 2 is a common value is higher than personal value; Third, social value is higher than the value of profits, or the user value is higher than the value of production. Human val

29、ues above all else. An enterprise should be made of longevity enterprises need to do a bold commitment to corporate social responsibility. Enterprises are economic organizations, the pursuit of profit maximization, but maximizing profits and corporate social responsibility are not mutually exclusive

30、. This is precisely Chinas Confucian Merchants always keep hold of the basic business Road. Can be seen, to Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, represented by ancient Chinese culture has left an extremely rich principles of practical reason. This is a kind of space-time penetrating wisdom accumulated. W

31、e can and should learn a wealth of life skills and managerial wisdom. As modern people, we should learn to understand one also Confucianism also know is Zen, realm of the life of harmony, such as Confucianism to support, so as to Tao of self-cultivation, to Zen spiritual cultivation of the kind of i

32、nsight in our work to enhance a mans wisdom and realm. Easy, said: not only economic, not economic. Therefore, we in this article on the Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist discussion came to an end, but we hope the study of ancient Chinese culture and thinking of the Chinese ancient culture represented

33、 by the Oriental Management Studies wisdom and insight is only a beginning. Moreover, we look forward to more insight into the dig Guoxue essence, create a Chinese characteristics among the ranks, so as to work together to build the core competitiveness of Chinese enterprises. Project Management of

34、Chinas entrepreneurs Corporate leader and Strategy, Tsinghua University Press Authors: Zhong-Ming Wang, Yang Shu - For enterprise project management courses taught in the course, and continue to encounter this problem: the enterprise project management is indeed valuable, why do we go on but unable

35、to actually implement? Why do many of the useful project management tools and methodologies for enterprises are difficult to use better? Whenever this issue, I am very ashamed, as a disseminator of knowledge of project management and project management development, promoters can not be a good answer

36、 to enterprises in the application of project management reality. This problem can be said that all learning and research project management issues that concern the people, that in different cultural contexts, how the practice of enterprise project management issues. Where we have no intention of pr

37、oject management stems from controversy, but it does in the West based on modern business management and developed scientific management. Project management comes from practice, that is summed up in production practice, the development of western management have played an important role. So such a b

38、ody of knowledge comes from practice, why get acclimatized China will encounter the problem? So I feel a responsibility to the study of Chinese business environment and Chinese culture in the context of project management practices. Just a start, I get a lot in research project management, teachers

39、and friends, encouragement, support and enthusiastic participation, and therefore a more in-depth study adds confidence. Now there has been no results, just to learn and practice some of the usual experience, only scaly claws, pick 12, for Chinese entrepreneurs to exchange and correction.8中国式管理可以肯定地

40、说，从民族精神演进的历程看，中国近代史无疑是一段血与火写就的充满着屈辱的历史。1840年爆发的鸦片战争，让闭关锁国沉醉于“惟我华夏独尊”的国人领教了船坚炮利背后西方文化的穿透力。从这个时刻起，对传统文化的怀疑乃至否定便几乎是近代中国一种历史的必然。而“西学东渐”则是这种历史必然性的自然衍生。于是，“西化”的主张甚至由此而成为近现代中国历史上一个挥之不去的时尚话题。在这样的时代背景下，传统文化的境遇自然是可想而知了：从“五四”运动“打倒孔家店”的口号，到改革开放初期柏杨丑陋的中国人一书的流行，再到中国学者对传统文化的反思，无不凸现着这样一个反传统的主题。值得深思的是，而此时的西方社会则逐渐对中国

41、传统文化表现出一种空前的认同甚至欣赏的心态。20世纪初叶，有“世纪智者”之誉的英国哲学家罗素，不仅看到我国古代文明的历史价值，而且认识到中华古代文明的现实及未来的存在价值。他曾这样断言：我们西方文明的显著优点是科学的方法；中国人的显著优点是对生活的目标持一种正确的观念，人们必将期望这两种因素能真正逐渐结合起来。他认为，与重智求真，穷究本体（上帝、理性或物质），强调主体与客体两分对立的西方智慧大相径庭，以中国传统文化为代表的东方智慧一直讲究仁智会通、德业双修，追求天道与人文相统一的圆融和谐境界。罗素坚信，经历现代文明洗礼的这一中华传统智慧，在21世纪的发展中必将逐步扬弃愚昧成分，日渐显露出特有的

42、魅力。事实上，上世纪初以来，走在自然科学、社会科学和人文学科前沿的一些西方思想家，如爱因斯坦、玻尔、普利高津等人，无一例外地对中国传统文化表示了相当的认同态度，他们甚至以浓厚的求知欲望研习我国古代的易经、老子和佛经，从中发现疗治现代病的精神启示。诺贝尔物理学奖获得者、哥本哈根学派代表人物波尔，在访问中国后发现，他自以为最得意的科学创见互补思想，其实早已由中国古代的道家的太极图所昭示；中国的阴阳相生相胜、相反相成思想对解决当代物理学难题是如此重要。波尔甚至为自己设计了一枚纹章，在椭圆形图案中心绘着醒目的太极图，以它作为“族徽”。20世纪后半叶的西方学者更加重视中国文化。自1979年经济学家卡恩在

43、其世界经济发展中把东亚经济奇迹与儒家传统相联系之后，越来越多的西方人士开始注重中国传统文化的现代价值。麦克法考尔于1980年提出“后儒家假设”，他认为：“如果西方的个人主义适合于工业化的初期发展，儒家的集体主义或许更适合于大量工业化的时代。”1983年，波士顿大学的伯杰进而提出“两种现代化”理论：西方式的现代化和东亚的现代化；前者的根源在基督教，后者的根源在儒家思想。全球通史的作者斯塔夫里阿诺斯则明确提出如下观点：1500年前后的世界并不是西欧占据统治地位的世界，而是中国统治着世界，以孔孟为代表的儒家思想在许多方面使西欧相形见绌。他说，儒家思想具有“其无与伦比的统一性”，而这正是中国政治、军事

44、和文化高度发展的表现，也因此中国社会由于其高度的内聚性和连续性而顽强地生存着。英国著名的科技史家李约瑟在谈到现代科技“几乎每天都在作出各种对人类及其社会有巨大潜在危险的科学发现”时，坚定地指出：“对它的控制必须主要是伦理的和政治的，而我将提出也许正是这方面，中国传统文化中的特殊养分，可以在今天影响整个人类世界。”事实上，传统文化的现代意义不仅丰盈而且多维。正如我们在本书中试图揭示的那样，仅仅从企业管理的角度，我们就可以深切地感受到它博大精深的管理智慧和境界。这或许正是西方学者认同和推崇中国传统文化的根由之所在。我们知道，十九、二十世纪的人类曾过分地迷信技术的力量。但人类在进入到21世纪后已愈来

45、愈清楚地明白：技术的发展本身并不能解决人类所面临的诸多难题。这些难题本身还需要文化的发展来给予解决。而中国传统文化无疑是最能够给现代人以智慧启迪的。有学者曾这样概括过这些难题：一是由于人与自然的失衡而造成的自然生态环境的严重破坏，从根本上危及人类的生存；二是由于西方原子结构论和笛卡儿、牛顿力学思维方式的局限而造成当代科学发展的危机；三是由于极端个人利己主义和享乐主义的膨胀，造成人际关系失衡，人格为物欲、金钱所扭曲，人际关系冷漠、疏远；四是由于东方经济的起飞以及它对西方管理模式的挑战，迫切需要建构东方式管理思想体系，以推动经济发展；五是由于现代人的物质生活与精神生活的失衡而造成价值体系瓦解、心理

46、障碍、道德滑坡和社会无序，人为物欲所异化。对这些问题的解决，传统文化所内蕴的智慧都?出了很好的思维路径。也就是说，传统文化中倡导的天人合一、人我合一、情理合一、义利合一、知行合一等基本原则，无疑从最高的价值观上给现代人指出了清明的出路。由此可见，在“术”的层面上已经无法解决我们所面临难题的背景下，我们呼唤“道”的大智慧。传统文化中倡导的诸如天人合一、人我合一、情理合一、义利合一、知行合一等显然都是“道”的大智慧。特别值得指出的是，这一“道”的大智慧正是现代企业所必须拥有的。世界银行在总结世界各国企业发展经验时指出，凡是长寿企业（即活过百年的企业）都遵循三条基本价值准则：一是人的价值高于物的价值

47、；二是共同价值高于个人价值；三是社会价值高于利润价值或是用户价值高于生产价值。人的价值高于一切。一个企业要做成长寿企业就必须做一家勇于承担社会责任的企业。企业是经济组织要追求利润最大化，但利润最大化不是与企业的社会责任对立的。而这恰恰是中国“儒商”一直守持的基本“商道”。可见，以儒、道、佛为代表的中国古代文化留下了极为丰富的实践理性原则。这是一种具有时空的穿透力的智慧积淀。我们可以而且应该从中汲取丰富的处世之道和管理智慧。作为现代人，我们应该学会体悟“亦儒亦道亦禅”的生命圆融境界，在诸如以儒养性、以道养身、以禅养心之类的感悟中，提升我们做事做人的智慧与境界。易说：“既济，未济。”因此，我们在本

48、文中对儒、道、佛的探讨告一段落了，但是希望对中国古代文化的学习与思考，对以中国古代文化为代表的东方管理智慧的研习与领悟却只是一个开始。而且，我们期待有更多的有识之士加入到“开掘国学精华，创建中国特色”的行列当中来，以共同打造中国企业的核心竞争力。中国企业家的项目管理初探企业领导商略清华大学出版社作者：王忠明、杨述在为企业讲授项目管理课程的过程中，不断会遇到这样的问题：项目管理确实对企业很有价值，为什么我们却没办法真正推行下去？为什么项目管理中的很多有用的工具和方法企业却很难用好？每当遇到这个问题，我都很惭愧，作为项目管理知识的传播者和项目管理发展的推动者却不能很好地回答企业在应用项目管理中的现

49、实问题。这个问题可以说是所有学习和研究项目管理的人普遍关心的问题，即在不同文化背景下，企业项目管理如何实践的问题。项目管理源于哪里我们无意争论，但确实是西方基于现代企业管理而发展起来的管理科学。项目管理来源于实践，也就是说是从生产实践中总结出来的，对西方企业管理的发展发挥了重要的作用。那么这样一套来自实践的知识体系为什么拿到中国就会遇到水土不服的问题呢？于是我就感到有责任去研究中国企业环境和中国文化背景下的项目管理实践。刚一开始，我就得到了很多位研究项目管理的老师和朋友的鼓励、支持和热情参与，因此对研究的深入更增添了信心。现在还谈不上有什么成果，仅仅是平时学习和实践的一些体会，只鳞片爪，拾取一二，供中国的企业家们交流和指正。