2019_2020学年高中英语Unit1Livingwell4SectionⅣGrammar教案新人教版选修7202003180104.doc

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1、Section Grammar动词不定式1(教材P2)Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to_make(make) me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to_adapt(adapt) to my disability.2(教材P2)Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to_know(know) what the future holds.3(教材P2)I am ha

2、ppy to_have_found(find) many things I can do, like writing and computer programming.4(教材P2)My ambition is to_work(work) for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.5(教材P2)I have a very busy life with no time to_sit(sit) around feeling sorry for myself.动词不定式由“to动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，无意义，有

3、时可省略。其否定形式为“not动词不定式”。不定式既有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。不定式的时态和语态主动语态被动语态意义一般时to doto be done表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时to have doneto have been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时to be doing表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行完成进行时to have been doing表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行My father has decided to cut out smoking. 我父亲已经

4、决定戒烟了。Its a great honour to be invited to do the voluntary work for the disabled.被邀请为残疾人做志愿工作，我感到很荣幸。Im very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing.让你一直无所事事闲坐着我感到很抱歉。The little boy pretended to be reading the book when his teacher entered the classroom.当他的老师走进教室时小男孩假装正在读书。不定式在句中的作用1不定式作

5、主语(1)单个的不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但当它们作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。To do exercise is beneficial to our health.锻炼有益于健康。To form a good habit of learning is important for us students.养成良好的学习习惯对我们学生来说很重要。(2)若不定式结构比较复杂，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。常用结构有：It isadj.(of/for sb.) to do.It isa/an名词to do.It t

6、akes (sb.) some time/courage/patience.to do.It requires courage/patience/hard work.to do.(2019全国卷)Whats more, its necessary for you to make a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.此外， 你有必要好好休息，这能给你提供足够的精力。(2019全国卷)Im sure it is a good chance to perform your favorite music.我确信这是表演你最喜爱的音

7、乐的一次好机会。It takes half an hour to walk from here to the school.从这里走到学校需要半小时。2不定式作表语不定式放在系动词后面常表示将来的动作或解释说明主语的内容，其主语常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。My work is to clean the rooms for the old in the nursing house every day.我的工作是每天为敬老院的老人打扫房间。His ambition is to set up schools for children of

8、 poor families.他的梦想是为贫困家庭的孩子们建立学校。3不定式作宾语(1)动词不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词的后面，常见的有agree，ask，decide，hope，fail，manage，pretend, refuse等。Im very busy at present, so I have to refuse to help you.我目前太忙了，因此我不得不拒绝帮助你。The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。(2)能接“疑问词to do”的动词(短语)有decide，know，consid

9、er，forget，learn，remember，show，find out，understand, see, wonder, hear, explain, tell等。He still didnt understand how to operate the machine.他仍然不明白如何操作这台机器。(3)当不定式作宾语时，常会用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面。可接it作形式宾语的动词有feel，find，make, think等。I find it very difficult to communicate with him in English.我发现用英语与他交流很难。4不定式作

10、宾语补足语(1)常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, hate, encourage, prefer, expect, order, wish等；有些动词常跟“to be形容词”构成复合结构，如think, consider, imagine, prove, find, know, suppose等。He wants all of us to make rapid progress.他希望我们大家都迅速进步。Ill leave him to solve the problem by h

11、imself.我将让他自己去解决这个问题。I prefer my English classes to be taught in both Chinese and English.我希望英语课用中英文双语教学。(2)在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at等动词(短语)后的复合宾语中，不定式不带to。在help后，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。这些词在变为被动语态时，to不能省略。Someone saw him go upstairs following his brother

12、.有人看见他跟在他哥哥后面上楼去了。He was seen to go upstairs following his brother.他被看见跟在他哥哥后面上楼去了。5不定式作状语(1)不定式作原因状语多用在某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等的形容词后。Im very glad to be invited to attend the meeting.我很高兴被邀请参加这个会议。(2)不定式作目的状语时可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。To know something about English is one thing; to know Engl

13、ish is quite another.懂一点英语是一回事；掌握英语完全是另一回事。(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用only to do。I went to see him, only to learn that he had left the city the night before.我去看他，却得知他已经在前夜离开了这个城市。熟记固定结构beadj.to do sth.As far as Im concerned, he is very easy to get along with.就我个人而言，他很容易相处。6不定式作定语(1)动词不定式常常放在抽象名词attempt，abi

14、lity，courage, chance，desire，determination，decision，effort，plan, way或不定代词something, nothing等后面作后置定语，如果其逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动式。We must have the courage to face the challenge.我们必须有勇气面对挑战。We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的派对。In college, there are so many good ch

15、ances to meet your expectations.在大学里，有很多机会满足你的期望。(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。They are always the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.他们总是吃苦在前，享乐在后。不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系，且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时，该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上适当的介词。The manager is particular about the paper to wr

16、ite on.经理对写字的纸很挑剔。 单句语法填空1It is important to_know(know) the body language of the country you will visit to avoid misunderstanding.2Its no use complaining(complain), and you should take action to avoid greater loss.3One of his ambitions when he was young was to_become(become) a famous lawyer.4Having_

17、handled(handle) the urgent task, he decided to take a holiday with his parents.5You were silly to_have_left (leave) your new bike outside without locking it last night.6The manager asked Robert to_take(take) charge of the big project though he was not experienced.7When you go to a foreign country, y

18、ou will spend some time recovering(recover) from culture shock.8The great inventor made it possible for everyone to_use(use) the new technology, not just universities and the army.9To_see(see) is to believe.I wont believe it until I see it with my own eyes.10My decision is to_set(set) up my own webs

19、ite after graduation from university. 单句改错1Susan was the first person in our office to thinking of the idea.thinkingthink2It will be a good opportunity exchange experience.在opportunity后加to3The boss makes them to work as long as 13 hours every day.去掉to4All these worries made impossible for her to con

20、centrate on her work.在made后加it5Mum always encourages us express our ideas and feelings bravely.在us后加to6Robert did nothing but to play video games the whole evening.去掉to7The children were asked put away all the toys they had played with.在asked后加to8Alice found it impossible for her collect so much mon

21、ey in such a short time.在her后加to 同义句改写1It is time that we took measures to improve air quality.It is time for us to_take measures to improve air quality.2It is said that Mrs.Yang has finished her third book about teenagers.Mrs.Yang is_said_to_have_finished her third book about teenagers.3Bob was so

22、frightened that he didnt say a word before so many people.Bob was too_frightened_to_say a word before so many people.4It seems that the guide is talking with some guests from the United States.The guide seems_to_be_talking_with some guests from the United States.5The workers spent more than three ye

23、ars completing the highspeed railway.It took the workers more than three years to_complete the highspeed railway. 单句语法填空1(2018天津卷)I didnt mean to_eat(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help trying (try) it.2Amy managed to_fly(fly) across many countries and finally reached

24、Australia.3One of our goals is to_win(win) the world championship in table tennis this year.4To_complete(complete) the report in time, Ann spent three days in the school library.5(2018全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long to_see(see) the benefit.6They came to the restaurant after work, only to_f

25、ind(find) that it was being decorated.7It is difficult for us to_imagine(imagine) his accepting the decision without any consideration.8(2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to_stay (stay) and watch.9A lack of concentration seriously affects their ability to_study(study) and thus th

26、eir test results.10Do you know who is the first person to_climb(climb) the tallest mountain in the world?11You are silly to_have_told(tell) your secret to Rose.Now most of the classmates know that you failed in maths.12The final examination is drawing near, so we have no choice but to_focus(focus) o

27、n our studies. 阅读理解The sense of sound occurs when the vibrations(震动) from sounds enter our ears and cause hair cells to move back and forth.The hair cells transform this movement into an electrical signal that the brain can use.How well a person can hear largely depends on how complete these hair ce

28、lls are.Once lost, they wont returnand this is no different for blind people.So blind people cant physically hear better than others.Yet blind people often outperform sighted people in hearing tasks such as locating the source of sounds.The reason for this becomes clear when we look beyond the senso

29、ry organs.Awareness occurs when the brain explains signals that our sensory organs provide.Different parts of the brain respond to the information arriving from different sensory organs.There are different areas for processing visual and sound information.But when a sense like vision is lost, the br

30、ain can reorganize the functions of these brain areas.In blind people, the visual area gets a bit bored without visual information and starts to renew itself, becoming more sensitive to information from the other remaining senses.So blind people may have lost their vision, but this leaves a larger b

31、rain capacity for processing the information from other senses. How well the brain reorganizes depends on when someone loses their sight.The brain can reorganize itself at any point in life, but during childhood the brain is more able to adapt to change.Because during childhood the brain is still de

32、veloping and the new organization of the brain does not have to compete with an existing one.Blind people will also rely more on their remaining senses to do everyday tasks, which means that they train their remaining senses on a daily basis.The reorganized brain together with the greater experience

33、 in using their remaining senses is considered as an important factor in blind people having an edge over sighted people in hearing and touch.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了盲人在听力等其他感官上表现更突出的原因。1What can we learn from the first paragraph?AThe hair cells are unable to grow back if lost.BThe hair cells of the dis

34、abled are less complete.COur brain can control the movement of hair cells.DComplete hair cells contribute to better mental health.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Once lost，they wont return.no different for blind people.可知，耳部毛细胞一旦消失就无法恢复了。2People who have been blind from a very early age may _Abe confident in perfo

35、rming hearing tasksBhave difficulty adapting to changes in lifeCbe less skilled in learning than deaf adultsDshow a better level of reorganization in the brainD解析：推理判断题。根据第四段How well the brain reorganizes depends on.during childhood the brain is more able to adapt to change.does not have to compete

36、with an existing one.可推断，失去视力的时间越早，盲人脑部感官信息重组的能力越强。3What does the passage mainly talk about?AThe relationship between hearing and eyesight.BWhy blind people perform better in other senses.CThe role of our brain in improving our adaptability.DHow we can improve hearing by learning from the blind.B解析：

37、主旨大意题。根据第二段Yet blind people often outperform sighted people in hearing tasks.和文章大意可知，本文主要分析了盲人在其他感官上表现更突出的原因。 完形填空Two days ago, my threeyearold son and I were shopping at a grocery store.At the checkout, a mother didnt have enough money for her milk and cheese, so the grocery store manager _1_ the i

38、tems from her cart and carried them away to the refrigerator section. My son and I watched, trying not to _2_ her.In fact there have been times when I didnt have enough money to buy groceries I needed, but today was _3_， and we had enough money.I _4_ to my son and told him to get the manager back wi

39、th the items, but he didnt _5_ me.Just at that moment, the lady left with her son and _6_ groceries than she had planned.I told the checkout guy to _7_ me for her milk and cheese.Then my son and I would _8_ to the parking lot and _9_ her.But when we _10_ got there, the mom and her son had left.They

40、were _11_ in 60 seconds and with them went my _12_ to gift these few but necessary items.My son and I walked around the parking lot, asking other shoppers if they had seen them.No one had.We were too late.I felt _13_ for not speaking up and telling her what I wanted to do for her _14_I kept thinking

41、 about my _15_： because I didnt want to make her uncomfortable, and didnt want to cause _16_ and because I was worried about my future grocery trips.Its my decision that _17_ a necessary kindness.Even though I didnt believe any of them，_18_ them slowed me down.So I ask myself and you, my dear friend

42、s，_19_ we allow our minds to slow our _20_ towards love and kindness, is it still an act of kindness?【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和儿子在商店偶遇一位带着小孩的母亲，她没有足够的钱支付所需的东西，作者本想帮助她，却因一时犹豫错失了机会，作者感到自责并陷入了深思。1A.keptBremovedCpreventedDliftedB解析：根据上文，这位母亲的钱不够支付牛奶和奶酪，因此商店经理把这些商品从她的购物车里拿了出来，removed符合语境。2A.annoyBembarrassCdistu

43、rbDworryB解析：根据语境可知，作者和她的儿子看着发生的这一幕，他们尽量不让这位母亲感到“尴尬”。3A.luckyBbusyCdifferentDcoldC解析：根据语境可知，作者想起自己曾经也有好几次因钱不够而买不了东西，但是今天“不同”，他们有足够的钱。4A.criedBshoutedCwhisperedDreactedC解析：根据上文可知，作者担心自己主动提出帮忙会让对方尴尬，故此时作者和儿子讲话时应是“低声说”。5A.understandBforgiveCbelieveDmentionA解析：作者想让儿子请经理把拿走的商品拿回来，以帮那位女士买单，但儿子没“明白”她的意思。6A.

44、heavierBsmallerCmoreDfewerD解析：那位母亲钱不够，所以只能拿着比自己原计划“少”的商品离开，fewer符合语境。7A.askBofferCpayDchargeD解析：作者要替那位母亲买下牛奶和奶酪，故让收银员向她收费。charge sb. for sth.意为“因为某物向某人要价”。8A.rideBrunCpointDwalkB解析：根据语境可知，作者在买完单后，便“跑”去停车场找那位母亲。9A.thankBcatchChelpDaccompanyB解析：那位母亲已经离开了，作者和她的儿子去“追赶”那位母亲。10A.tiredlyBgladlyChurriedlyDn

45、ervouslyC解析：他们“匆忙地”赶到停车场。11A.goneBmissedCfoundDteasedA解析：根据下文可知，作者并未找到那对母子，他们已经“走了”。12A.aimBchallengeCdesireDchanceD解析：此处作者是说那对母子走了，同样带走的还有作者想要把东西送给他们的“机会”。13A.relaxedBterribleCcalmDscaredB解析：根据语境可知，作者没能帮助到对方，因此心情很“糟糕”。14A.immediatelyBsecretlyCsuddenlyDseriouslyA解析：作者为自己刚才没有“立刻”告诉那位母亲她想给予帮助而感到自责。15A

46、.hesitationBsituationCfaultDexplanationA解析：根据冒号后面的内容可知，作者在反思自己“犹豫”的原因。16A.panicBdangerCtroubleDdamageC解析：此处描写作者犹豫的其中一个原因是怕惹麻烦，故选trouble。17A.held outBheld onCheld downDheld backD解析：根据语境可知，作者认为正是自己的一个决定使自己失去了行善的机会，hold back意为“阻止，抑制”。18A.rememberingBsearchingCprocessingDignoringC解析：尽管作者并不认可上文说的那些情况，但思考和处理这些事延缓了她的行动。processing符合语境。19A.if BunlessCbecauseDalthoughA解析：作者反思：如果我们的大脑使我们放慢了为爱和善良而行动的速度，这种行为还能称之为一种善举吗？20A.thoughtBsoundCheartDactionD解析：此处指我们善良的行动，action符合语境。 语法填空Depending on where you live in Australia, public transport might include