Common Law普通法 .doc

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1、Common Law一般法Laws that develop through case decisions by judges.Not enacted bylegislative mon law，system of law that prevails in England and in countries colonized byEngland.The name is derived from the medieval theory that the law administered by the kingscourts represented the common custom of the

2、 realm，as opposed to the custom of localjurisdiction that was applied in local or manorial courts.In its early development common law waslargely a product of three English courtsKings Bench，Exchequer，and the Court of CommonPleaswhich competed successfully against other courts for jurisdiction and de

3、veloped a distinctivebody of doctrine.The term common law“is also used to mean the traditional，precedent-basedelement in the law of any common-law jurisdiction，as opposed to its statutory law or legislation，and also to signify that part of the legal system that did not develop out of equity，maritime law，or other special branches of practice.【注】一般法指的是由法官的案例判决开展而来的法律，它不同于立法机关公布的法律。笺 一般法系是当今世界两大法系之一。关于一般法的历史根底和传统在英国法律史学家 SFC 密尔松的一般法的历史根底和美国法理学家卡尔 N 卢埃林的一般法的传统 中已经说得十分明晰，而关于一般法之因而有如此强大的生命力的根源以及一般法的精神，美国社会法学学派创始人、美国哈佛大学法学院院长罗斯科庞德（RoscoePound）那么在其一般法的精神一书中进展了精辟的阐述。