2017高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars素材新人教版必修3.doc

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1、Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars话题词汇1universe n宇宙 2space n太空3spaceship/spacecraft n宇宙飞船4astronaut n宇航员5orbit n轨道6star n恒星7have a great effect on对有很大影响8make a great difference起很大作用；产生很大影响9change ones life改变某人的生活10benefit from得益于，从获益经典语篇BEIJING，June 20 ()About 330 primary and middle school stu

2、dents at a Beijing high school are eagerly waiting for their teacher to begin a class from the space on Thursday morning.The special lecture will begin in a few minutes，given by female astronaut Wang Yaping，one of the three crew members of Shenzhou10 spacecraft，through a live video feed system.The s

3、tudents are gathering at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University in Beijing.Before the class，they first watched a short film about the life of Chinese astronauts on board of Tiangong1 orbiter，which docked with Shenzhou10 on June 13.More than 60 million students and teachers at about 80,000 m

4、iddle schools across the country will also watch the live broadcast of the class on TV.Wang will teach about motion in a microgravity environment，the surface tension of liquid，and help students understand the concepts of weight and mass and Newtons Laws.写作内容1请用约30个词概括上面的文章。2结合该篇报道，用约120个词发表你对“探索太空”的

5、看法，包括如下要点：(1)人类在不断地探索太空；(2)探索太空的不同观点；(3)我的观点。写作要求1可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。佳作欣赏This report tells us that more than 60 million students and teachers will attend a special live lecture about physics，which will be given by Wang Yaping，the female astronaut in Tian

6、gong1，out of the space.As we all know，since the first landing on the moon，men have never lost their enthusiasm for outer space exploration.Billions of funds have been spent，quite some lives have been sacrificed，and meanwhile secrets of the universe have been gradually discovered.However，peoples view

7、s on outer space exploration are greatly different.On the one hand，some people think it is meaningless to allocate large budget to study such issues as whether there are other intelligent beings in outer space.On the other hand，others argue that it is worthwhile to invest time and money into the sci

8、entific research of outer space because it can help us understand the universe better.Personally，it is necessary to continue exploring outer space because what we learn in outer space can influence the future of the earth.The more we know about the universe，the better we can understand our position

9、as human beings in this planet where we live and thus live harmoniously with nature.思维发散 1.用分词形式作定语改写第句This report tells us that more than 60 million students and teachers will attend a special live lecture about physics，given by Wang Yaping，the female astronaut in Tiangong1，out of the space.2用it作形式

10、主语改写第句It is well known that since the first landing on the moon，men have never lost their enthusiasm for outer space exploration.3用it作形式宾语改写第句On the one hand，some people think it meaningless to allocate large budget to study such issues as whether there are other intelligent beings in outer space.4仿

11、照第句完成句子学生用于做作业的时间越多，获取知识的效率就越低。The more hours students spend doing homework，the less effective they will be in gaining knowledge.重点单词A写作单词1system (n.)系统；体系；制度2theory (n.)学说；理论3exist (vi.)生存；存在4unlike (prep.)与不同；不像5gentle (adj.)温和的；文雅的6climate (n.)气候7pull (n.& vt.)拉(力)；拖；牵引力8puzzle (vt.& vi.)(使)迷惑；(使

12、)为难；(n.)谜；难题9violent (adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence (n.)暴力10harmful (adj.)有害的harm (n.& vt.)伤害，损害B阅读单词11astronomy (n.)天文学12atmosphere (n.)大气层；气氛13fundamental (adj.)基本的；基础的14multiply (vi.& vt.)乘；增加15thus (adv.)因此；于是16atom (n.)原子17billion (n.& pron.& adj.)万亿；十亿18globe (n.)球体；地球仪；地球19carbon (n.)碳20chain (n.)

13、链子；连锁；锁链21oxygen (n.)氧22gravity (n.)万有引力；重力23satellite (n.)卫星；人造卫星24crash (vi.& vt.)碰撞；坠落25spaceship (n.)宇宙飞船26exhaust (vt.)用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽27float (vt.& vi.)(使)浮动；(使)漂浮；(n.)漂浮物28religion (n.)宗教；宗教信仰religious (adj.)宗教的29biology (n.)生物学biologist (n.)生物学家30physicist (n.)物理学家physics (n.)物理学31extinct (adj.)灭

14、绝的；绝种的extinction (n.)灭绝.重点短语1solar system太阳系2in time及时；终于3give birth to产生；分娩4in ones turn轮到某人5prevent.from阻止；制止6block out挡住(光线)7cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋8now that既然9get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解10break out突发；爆发11watch out for密切注意；当心；提防.经典句式1What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion yea

15、rs ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没有人知道，直到4538亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。2This produces a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这产生了连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。3But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但是当我试着向前迈步时，我发

16、觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，并且摔倒在地。4.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。 .课文语法填空The earth was just 1.a cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”The earth exploded loudly 2.with fire and rock.They were in time to produce many things，which were to make the eart

17、hs atmosphere.As the earth cooled down，water began to appear on 3.its surface.It allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful(harm) gases.Then life began to develop.Small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.This encouraged the 5.development(develop) of early shellfish and fish.La

18、nd animals such 6.as insects，reptiles and dinosaurs appeared after green plants appeared.Small clever animals spread all 7.over the earth.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,8.which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.9.Whether life will continue on the ear

19、th for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10.be solved(solve).1. harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的(1)be harmful to对有害(2)harm n.& vt.伤害；损害do sb.harmdo harm to sb.伤害某人；对某人有害There is no harm in doing.做没有害处。 (1)The drought was harmful to the crops.这场干旱对农作物有危害。(2)Fruit juice can do har

20、m to childrens teeth.果汁可能会损害儿童的牙齿。多维训练(1)单句语法填空Dont believe him.No harm has been done(do) to him ever since.As secondhand smoking is more harmful(harm) and dangerous，people want a total ban against smoking in public.They dont usually employ untrained workers，but theres no harm in trying(try) your fo

21、rtune.(2)一句多译如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。If used improperly，the medicine will do/cause harm to you/do you harm.(harm n)If used improperly，the medicine will be harmful to you.(harmful)(3)单句改错His film was a complete failure，and this did his reputation a lot of harms.harmsharmIt is more harm than good.isdoes/ha

22、rmharmful2. exist vi.存在；在于(1)exist in存在于之中exist on靠为生There exists/existed.某地有；存在(2)existence n.存在；生存come into existence产生；成立；开始存在in existence存在(3)existing adj.目前的，现存的 (1)The custom of arranged marriages still exists in many countries.许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的习俗。(2)They cant exist on the money hes earning.他们靠他挣

23、的那点钱无法维持生活。(3)Nowadays，there are still many people wondering when the earth came into existence.现在仍有许多人想知道，地球是何时产生的。多维训练(1)单句语法填空There exists a good way to solve the existing(exist) problem in geography.This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence(exist)(2)单句改错It existed different opinions on t

24、his question.ItThere3. puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；n.谜；难题(1)puzzle over/about苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁(2)be in a puzzle (about) (对)不知如何是好(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的,(4)puzzled adj.困惑的；感到迷惑的be puzzled about对迷惑不解 (1)These scientists have been puzzling about how to solve the environmental problem.这些科学家一直苦思如何解决这个环境问题。(2)Im in

25、 a puzzle as to what to do next.对于下一步该做什么我不知道。多维训练(1)单句语法填空Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.He had a puzzled(puzzle) look on his face.His last paintings are perhaps the most puzzling，which even puzzle all the artists.(puzzle)(2)一句多译消防员对这场火灾的起因困惑不解。The firemen were in a puzzle about

26、the cause of the fire.(puzzle n)The firemen were puzzled about the cause of the fire. (puzzled adj.)4. in time及时；终于(eventually)；迟早；合拍应试指导(1)in time的高级词汇为early or late，sooner or later(迟早)；(2)at no time位于句首倒装on time准时；按时in no time立即，马上at no time决不at a time一次at one time曾经；一度 (1)Brian usually gets home

27、in time to bath the children.布赖恩通常会及时赶回家给孩子们洗澡。(2)If you cant arrive there on time，you should warn them.如果你不能按时到达，应该预先通知他们。(3)Well do up your car in no time at all.我们很快就能把你的汽车修好。多维训练(1)写出下列句子中in time的汉语意思Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.及时Youll succeed in time because you are always wo

28、rking hard.迟早The marchers kept in time with the band.合拍(2)用time的相关短语填空At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable.I want to be home in time for tea.Youd better do one thing at a time，so that you can concentrate on it.At one time，that kind of thing would have made me really angry.5. cheer up感到

29、高兴；感到振奋应试指导交际用语中的用法(1)cheer sb.up使某人高兴cheer.on为加油(2)cheerful adj.高兴的；快乐的(3)Cheers！干杯！ (1)Cheer up！Youre bound to succeed.打起精神来！你一定会成功的。(2)Paddy was always cheerful and jolly.帕迪总是很高兴，很开心。(3)Cheers！With our coffee cups for our future!以咖啡代酒，为我们的未来干杯吧！多维训练(1)给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。Give Mary a call；she needs che

30、ering up.(2)当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。When Im feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.(3)我们所做的一切都是为了给我们队加油。What we had done was to cheer our team on.6. lay v.放置；搁；下(蛋)；产(卵)词义辨析动词原形意义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺；卧；位于laylainlyinglay放置；产卵laidlaidlaying多维训练用lay，lie的正确形式填空(1)Th

31、e boy lied that the white hen had laid a black egg and that he had laid it in the box which was lying under this bed.(2)Mothers routinely lay babies on their backs to sleep.7. pull n.& vt.拉(力)；牵引(力)多维训练短语填空(1)The train from London will pull in at noon.(2)The cinema she used to visit had been pulled

32、down.(3)The driver pulled up at the traffic lights.(4)He is still quite sick，but the doctor is sure he will pull through.(5)I pulled on my running shoes and stepped into the street.8. prevent.from.阻止；抑制；制止多维训练(1)单句语法填空Nothing would prevent him from speaking(speak) out against injustice.The laws prot

33、ect everyone here from being attacked(attack)(2)单句改错He was prevented by illness coming to our birthday party.illness后加fromTo keep warm，he kept the fire from burning all the night.去掉from9. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths

34、atmosphere.,最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。句型公式：be to dobe to do有五层意义：(1)表示预定，意为“预定”，相当于be going to do。(2)表示义务，意为“应该”，相当于should。(3)表示可能，意为“会做”，相当于can/could。(4)表示命运，意为“注定”(通常用于过去时，描述过去的事实)。(5)用于if.were to do，引导对将来的虚拟语气。 (1)He is to return from Germany tomorrow.他明天将从德国回来。(2)You are to be back by

35、9 oclock.你要在9点以前回家。多维训练(1)完成句子你什么时候回家？When are you to leave for home?她将于下个月结婚。She is to be married next month.你应该报警。You are to report to the police.(2)单句改错If he was to play every game，maybe he could be one of the best players in the world.waswere10.I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth

36、and fell over.我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。句型公式：倍数表达法倍数的表达方式：,(1)倍数as.as.(2)倍数比较级than(3)倍数the size/height/length/width.of.(4)倍数what从句,(5)倍数that of. (1)The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。(2)Beijing is ten times the size of my hometown.北京是我家乡的十倍大。(3)In our county now the

37、 grain output is six times that of before liberation.现在我们县的粮食产量相当于解放前的六倍。多维训练(1)同义句改写The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.The red ruler is twice longer than the yellow one.(用“倍数比较级”改写)The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.(用“倍数then.of.”改写)(2)Its said that the po

38、wer plant is now twice as large as what it was(以前的两倍大)11.“Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天啊，”我大声地说，“既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。”句型公式：now that引导原因状语从句now that既然，由于，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略。,其他表示原因的连词或介词短语：(1)because因为(语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问)(2)

39、since因为；既然(可与now that互换)(3)as因为(语气较弱)(4)for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明)(5)due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等 (1)Now that the children have known the result，we can tell everyone else.既然孩子们已经知道结果了，我们就可以告诉其他人了。(2)Since weve no money we cant buy a new car.因为我们没钱，没法买新汽

40、车。多维训练(1)单句语法填空Since youre here，why not have a drink?Since it is late，I shall go home now.The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too large.It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.(2)单句改错He was angry because what he said.because后加of.语境填词1Many wastes prod

41、uced in the producing process are harmful(有害的) as well.(2015江苏)2The debate between science and religion(宗教) continues to be heated.(2013陕西)3When we were in the middle of the lake，a strong wind came all of a sudden.The boat was hit violently(猛烈地)(2011重庆)4This hidden system(系统) works in a very similar

42、 way to the networks of neurons(神经元) in our brains.(2014辽宁)5Some experts think reading is the fundamental(基本的) skill upon which school education depends.(2015安徽).单句语法填空1If we had taken the other road，we might have arrived(arrive) here in time for the meeting.(2010陕西)2This morning，when I was walking

43、on the street，I saw that two travelers were reading a map，looking puzzled(puzzle)(2012北京)3True creativity is the ability to take something existing(exist) and create something new from it.(2014新课标全国)4China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boa

44、ts from being attacked(attack) in the South China Sea.(2012福建)5One night，when I was eight，my mother gently(gentle) asked me a question I would never forget.(2014天津)6If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.(2011浙江)

45、7Before a problem can be solved，it must be obvious what the problem itself is.(2011湖南)8The villagers have already known what well do is to rebuild the bridge.(2011江西)9Mrs.White showed her students some old maps borrowed(borrow) from the library.(2010新课标全国)10Listening(listen) to loud music at rock co

46、ncerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(2010湖南).短语填空1The destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.(2015陕西)2So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.(2014福建)3In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.(2011重庆)4We arrived in the summer，just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.(2014四川)5When the news came that the war broke out，he decided