2012版高考英语 3-2-1精品系列 专题05 动词及其动词短语.doc

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1、2013 3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列专题05 动词及其动词短语【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布【考点pk】 名师考点透析 考点一、考查动词词义辨析这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。考点二、 考查近义动词辨析这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。例When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck

2、 and badly _。A. injured B damagedC. harmed D. destroyed【解析】 这四个动词都有“伤害，损害”之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”；damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复之意；harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便；destroy表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看，答案为A。考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配【解析】 题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将曝光”是come to light，故答案为B。考点四、

3、 考查动词与其宾补的固定搭配英语中有些动词后跟宾补时，有其固定搭配，如let/have/make sb. do sth.，get/force sb. to do sth.，allow/permit/forbid sb. to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构，找到作宾补的不定式，然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to，最后确定该用什么动词。例The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”A. advising B. suggestingC. letting D. mak

4、ing考点五、 考查系动词动词作系动词用时，后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。例The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains

5、 _.A. seen B. to be seenC. seeing D. to see2着重训练在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查考点六、考查同根动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。考点七、考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首

6、先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。例When I was twenty, I had to _ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family.A. drop out B. come outC. leave out D. stay out【解析】分析题意为“在20岁时，我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。”从题意可知，空缺处应该是“辍学”之意，四个选项中，只有A项的drop out有此意，故答案为A。例Take care during the holidays! D

7、rinking too much can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A. contribute to B. relate toC. attend to D. devote to例The society today offers the young generation more chances to _ their talent and skills.A. give out B. take inC. show off D. carry on【解析】分析题意为“当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。”由题意可知

8、，空缺处应该是“炫耀；展示”之意，故答案为C。考点九、考查“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析【解析】分析题意为“你知道他女儿将要着手做的那个计划已经传开了吗？”“真的？我还不知道。”四个选项中，get down to，“着手做”；come up to，“不亚于；相等”；live up to，“不辜负；达到高标准”；look up to，“尊敬”。由此可知，只有A项符合题意。句中的his daughter will get down to是定语从句，修饰先行词the plan。例 “I cant _ your rudeness any more，leave the room，”shouted Mar

9、y.（2009武汉调研）A. put up to B. put up from C. put up into D. put up with 【三年高考】 10 、11、12高考试题及其解析2012高考英语试题1.(2012四川卷)20. Its surprising that your brother _ Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.A. picked up B. looked up C. put up D. made up2.(2012浙江卷) 12. According to scientists, our mental

10、 abilities begin to _ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.A. differ B. shrink C. fail D. decline【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据科学家研究，我们的心理能力在22岁达到高峰值之后便从27岁开始下滑（decline）。differ不同；shrink缩水；fail失败、衰竭，均不符合语境，故排除。3.(2012浙江卷) 15. Armed with the information you have gathered, you can _ prepa

11、ring your business plan.A. set out B. set about C. set off D. set up4.(2012课标卷)27.Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can_ almost every word herteacher says.A. put out B. put down C. put away D. put together【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。“put down”有“write down（记下，写下）”的意思。句意：玛丽确实擅长于记课堂笔记。她能够几乎把老师说的每一个

12、字都记录下来。5. (2012大纲卷) 12.We _ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down6.(2012天津卷)13.Parents and children should communicate more to _the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.A. openB. narrowC. widenD. lea

13、ve【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。根据下文“so that they can understand each other better.”可知选“narrow”。 句意：家长和孩子应该多多交流，来缩小他们之间的代沟，以便他们能够更好的彼此理解。7.(2012安徽卷)28.The athletes years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.A. went on B. got through C. paid off D. ended up【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语。句意：当这个运动员最终获得奥运会金牌

14、时，她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。go on”继续下去”；get through完成，处理”；pay off“取得成功，奏效“；end up“最终处于”。8.(2012安徽卷)29. You had better _some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.A. set asideB. take upC. put awayD. give out9.(2012湖北卷)21.Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to _ our schools campaign “He

15、lp the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.A. sponsorB. launchC. organize D. plan10. (2012湖北卷)22. Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and _ every page of my draft.A. approvedB. quotedC. polishedD. folded【答案】C

16、【解析】考查动词的词义辨析。根据语意：是指我的辅导老师对我的论文的每一稿都进行了润饰。approve表“赞许”，quote表“引用”，polish表“使优美,使精炼;润饰”，fold表“折叠”。11.(2012湖北卷)23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to _ his courage.A. hold up B. keep up C. set up D. take up【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。根据语意：是指这个男孩吹口哨壮胆。hold up表“举起；耽搁，延迟”，keep up表“保持，(使)继续下去”，set up表“建立,

17、创立”，take up表“拿起；着手处理；占去”。12.(2012湖北卷)24. Im so glad youve come here to _ this matter in person. tick to /look fore to _neutralA. lead to B. see to C. turn to D. refer to13. (2012江苏卷)26. OK, Ive had enough of it. I give up.You cantyour responsibilities.A. run off with B. run up against C. run out ofD

18、. run away from【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。“好了，我已经受够了，我放弃。”你不能逃避你的责任。”run awayr from意为“逃离，逃避”，符合语境。14.(2012江西卷)24. Ive the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.A. come intoB. gone intoC. got into D. run into15.(2012江西卷)30.We were all agreed that the cottage would a perfect holiday

19、 home for the family.A. makeB. turnC. takeD. have【答案】A【解析】考查动词。句意为：我们都认为这幢小别墅非常适合全家度假时居住。make表示适合做，宜用作，符合题意。16.(2012辽宁卷)26. Rod loves clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.A. taking apart B. giving away C. making up D. turning off17.(2012陕西卷)19. He had to pause from time to ti

20、me to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system _.A. broke in B. broke up C. broke out D. broke down2011高考英语试题1.(2011辽宁卷,24) You are old enough to your own living.A.win B. gain C. take D. earn【答案】D【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“你长大了，可以自谋生路了。”earn ones living 谋生，固定搭配。2. (2011全国卷,26) I ca

21、n the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.A. come up with B.put up with C. turn to D.stick to【答案】B【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“房子里东西凌乱我能忍，但是脏我讨厌。”come up with想出, 提出；put up with 忍受, 容忍；turn to转向，翻书到，求助于，(使)变成；stick to坚持，紧跟，粘住，忠于。3.（2011天津卷,8）She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopp

22、ing at the department store.A.turned down B.dealt with C.took after D.came across4.(2011山东卷,25) They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out【答案】B【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“他们正在拓宽桥梁以加快交通流量。”put off推迟；speed up加快；turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等），(使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋；wo

23、rk out算出，实现。拓宽桥梁的目的是加快交通流量，故选B。5.（2011江苏卷,30）You look upset. Whats the matter？ I had my proposal _ again.Aturned over Bturned on Cturned off Dturned down6.（2011福建卷,31）Born into a family with three brothers, David was to value the sense of sharing.A.brought up B.turned down C.looked after D.held back

24、【答案】A【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“出身在一个三兄弟家庭，David受到了要看重与人分享的教育。”bring up教育，养育(孩子)，呕吐(食物)；turn down关小（音量等），拒绝；look after照顾；hold back阻碍，抑制，隐瞒。7.（2011安徽卷, 34）If you _faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.A. come acrossB. care aboutC. look forD. focus upon【答案】A【解析】考查短语动

25、词的辨析。句意为“如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要，你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。”come across偶然遇到；care about关心，在乎；look for寻找；focus upon专注于。8.(2011浙江卷,6) The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose Ill just have to _it,A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with 9.(2011浙江卷,12) He decided th

26、at he would drive all the way home instead of _at a hotel for the night.A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up 10.（2011四川卷,7）To get a better grade, you should _the notes again before the test.A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over【答案】A【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“为了获得好成绩，你应该在考试前好好

27、复习这些笔记。”go over审查，复习，重温从头到尾检查一遍；get over越过，完成，克服(困难)，从(疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来；turn over翻身，翻转，把移交；take over接管; 接替。11. (2011全国卷,34) William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .A.disappear B.fall C.fail D.damage【答案】C【解析】考查动词的辨析。disappear消失，不复存在；fall降落，跌倒，降低；fail (指健康)衰退

28、, 衰弱；damage损害, 毁坏, 加害于。句意为“William 发现阅读越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始衰退了。”“increasingly difficult越来越困难”是个渐进的过程，故选C。12.(2011全国卷II,10) Mary, I_John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised13.（2011天津卷,6）I a bank account after I made1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.

29、A.borrowed B.opened C.entered D.ordered【答案】B【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“暑假兼职打工挣了1000美元后，我在银行开了帐户。”open a bank account在银行开帐户。14.（2011江苏卷,28）Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me.AdenyBrefuseCrejectDdecline15.（2011福建卷,28）Id prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.

30、A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve【答案】D【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“我宁愿保留我的判断直到我发现所有的证据。”reserve预订或保留(座位、住处等)，推迟，留到以后，与后面的until相一致。16.（2011安徽卷,21）As the story_, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops 17.（2011湖北卷,26）Knowledge and learning are important if

31、we want to be successful, but they may also_ our thinking.A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve【答案】B【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“如果我们想要获得成功，知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。”direct指示, 指引，导演（戏剧或电影）；指挥（管弦乐队）；limit限制；change改变；improve改进，改善。根据句中but的转折，选B。18.（2011湖北卷,27）The minister said. “We are ready for discussions with a

32、ny legal parties, but well never_ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult19.（2011湖北卷,28）Clinical evidence began to_, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.A. operate B. strenghten C. approve D. acc

33、umulate【答案】D【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“不断增加的临床证据表明：比起原先从动物实验中所得到的预计，这些新药具有更加广泛有用性。”operate手术，操作；strenghten加强；approve赞成；accumulate积累，（数量）逐渐增加。故选D。20.(2011辽宁卷,22) What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre to be asleep. ,A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered【答案】A【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“Tom，你不睡觉做什么？你现在应该睡觉。”out of

34、 bed未上床，起床的意思，be supposed to do应当，应该。21.（2011四川卷,14）I often the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the lnternet.A.look up B.look at C. look for D.look into22.（2011陕西卷,25）Some insects_the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out【答案】C【解析】

35、考查短语动词的辨析。take in吸收，欺骗；take off拿走, 取下，脱去（衣服等），起飞；take on承担，呈现，雇用；take out把带出去，清除, 除掉。句意为“一些昆虫为了保护自己，让自己的体色与其周围环境的颜色相似。”23.（2011湖北卷,29） The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down24.(2011辽宁卷,26) T

36、he exam results will be on Friday afternoon.A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away【答案】C【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“考试结果将在星期五下午公布。”put down放下，平定, 镇压，记下；put off推迟；put up举起，建立，张贴，投宿；put away放好，储存，抛弃。根据句意选C。25.（2011江西卷35）You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect.A.run out B.break out C.

37、work out D. put out.【答案】C【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。run out 耗尽；break out 打破；work out 算出，实现；put out 扑灭。句意为“你无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。”选C。2010高考英语试题1.(2010高考英语浙江卷,12)After that, he knew he could _ any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.Aget away with Bget on with Cget through Dget across2.(2

38、010高考英语浙江卷,4)The majority of people in the town strongly _ the plan to build a playground for children. Aconsider Bsupport Cconfirm Dsubmit3.(2010高考英语天津卷,12)Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and as a manager.A. ended up B. dropped out C. came back D. started off 【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。e

39、nd up意为“最终成为”；drop out意为“退出，退学”；come back意为“返回，回来”；start off意为“出发，开始”。句意为：作为职员进入公司，他很快升职，并最终成为经理。4.(2010高考英语天津卷,1)He telephoned the travel agency to_ three air tickets to London.A. order B. arrange C. take D. book5.(2010高考英语四川卷,19)If you have a job，_ yourself to it and finally youll succeedAdo devot

40、e Bdont devote Cdevoting Dnot devoting6.(2010高考英语四川卷,8)Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man_ and left Atook up Bgot up Cshut up Dset up【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组。get up意为“起床，起立”。句意为“Jenny正在找一个座位，正在那时，很幸运的，一个人站起来离开了。”故选B。A项意为“从事，占据时间或空间”，C项为“闭嘴”；D意为“建造，搭起”。7.(2010高考英语四川卷,6)Some people eat with their

41、eyes. They prefer to order what nice. A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes【答案】【解析】考查系动词辨析。与上句中的eat with their eyes相对，后句应该为点看起来很好吃的东西。故正确答案为A。8.(2010高考英语陕西卷,14)You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _ you, I suppose. A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree about 【答案】A【解析】考查动词短

42、语辨析。你看起来气色不错。我想，三亚的空气和海鲜肯定很适合你。agree with sb表示“适应”，主语常为气候、食物等，符合语境。agree to sth表示同意某事(主语为单方)；agree on和agree about意思基本一样，都表示“就关于取得了一致的意见”，主语为协商某件事情的双方或多方。9.(2010高考英语山东卷,27)Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up10.(2

43、010高考英语辽宁卷,32)The new movie _ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time . A. promises B. agrees c. pretends D. declines 11.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,28)Thousands of people_ _ to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.Aturned on Bturned in Cturned around Dturned out【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turn on“打开”；turn in“上交，归还”；turn around“转身，转换方向”；turn out“出席(某项活动)，在场”。语意为：成千上万的人到现场观看昨天与爱尔兰的那场比赛。根据语意选D项。12.(2010高考英语江西卷,24)Parents _ much importance to education. They will do thei